Interconexões entre Linguística Aplicada e práticas de atenção à saúde: linguagem e identidades na prevenção de DSTs/Aids entre travestis profissionais do sexo Interconnections between Applied Linguistics and health care practices: language and identity in the prevention of STDs / AIDS among transvestite sex workers

Este artigo propõe aproximar a Linguística Aplicada de um contexto pouco estudado nos estudos da linguagem no Brasil: a prevenção de DST/Aids. Com base em uma perspectiva não essencialista das relações entre linguagem e identidades sociais, discute-se a importância de atentarmos ao uso de linguagem nesse contexto e descreve-se a construção interacional de identidades em intervenções para distribuição de preservativos entre travestis que se prostituem em uma região urbana do sul do Brasil. Os dados indicam que, durante as intervenções, Sandra e Márcia, mulheres em gênero e sexo, engajam-se em interações nas quais utilizam intertextos identitários associados a identidades não tradicionais e, assim, produzem o efeito de adequação de suas identidades às travestis e ao contexto interacional onde se inserem. Argumenta-se que linguagem, identidade e intertextualidade são construtos fundamentais para entendermos esse contexto interacional e para o combate à disseminação de DST/Aids.<br>This paper proposes to approach Applied Linguistics to a little studied context in language studies in Brazil: the prevention of STD/AIDS. Based on a non-essentialist view of the relationship between language and social identities, it discusses the importance of minding the use of language in this context and describes the interactional construction of identities in interventions for distribution of condoms among transvestite prostitutes in an urban region of Southern Brazil. Data indicate that during the talks, Sandra and Marcia, female gender and sex, engage in interactions in which they use identity inter-texts associated with non-traditional identities and thus produce the effect of the adequacy of their identities to the transvestites and to the interactional context in which they operate. It argues that language, identity and inter-textuality are fundamental constructs to understand this interactional context and to address the spread of STD/AIDS

Follow the Leaders: competition in the Brazilian Auto Financing Sector

This study seeks to understand the competitive pattern and strategy of the firms in the Brazilian automobile financing market. First, we analyzed the strong segmentation observed in this market, determining market niches. We then estimated reaction functions to price changes. The results indicated that the three largest companies in the sector have a strong influence on interest rate setting within the entire segment. This phenomenon characterizes the competition of this sector as the leader-follower type, rather than Bertrand competition, the latter of which is often expected in the banking sector and it demonstrates the existence of the leading firms' market power

Influência do teor de Mo na microestrutura de ligas Fe-9Cr-xMo Effect of the content of molybdenum in the microstructure of Fe-9Cr-xMo alloy

Aços Cr-Mo são usados na indústria do petróleo em aplicações com óleos crus ricos em compostos sulfurosos. Aços comerciais como 2.5Cr1Mo ou 9Cr1Mo têm se mostrado ineficientes em consequência de altos índices de corrosão naftênica. Uma estratégia para resolver este problema é o aumento do teor de molibdênio destes aços. Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito do aumento do teor de molibdênio na microestrutura de ligas Fe-9Cr-xMo, solubilizadas e soldadas. Foram levantados os diagramas de fases com auxílio de um programa comercial para verificar as possíveis fases a serem formadas e identificar os problemas de soldagem. A microestrutura das ligas solubilizadas foi analisada por microscopia óptica e EBSD, além da medição da dureza. Foram realizadas soldagens autógenas para verificar o efeito do aporte térmico na microestrutura e na dureza das ligas. O aumento do teor de molibdênio resultou no aumento da dureza das ligas. A análise microestrutural das ligas soldadas apresentou uma particularidade para a liga com menor teor de molibdênio, a presença de martensita. Já as ligas com maior teor de molibdênio apresentaram uma microestrutura completamente ferrítica. A formação de martensita pode ser um problema na solda da liga com menor teor de molibdênio, uma vez que a mesma pode causar perdas nas propriedades mecânicas comprometendo sua aplicação.<br>Cr-Mo steels are used in the petroleum industry in applications with crude oils rich in sulfur compounds. 2.5Cr1Mo or 9Cr1Mo do not resist to operating conditions when in contact with crude oils. The increasing of molybdenum content can improve the corrosion resistance of these alloys. This paper studied the effect of increased concentration of molybdenum in the microstructure of Fe-9Cr-xMo alloys, annealed and welded. Phase diagrams were built with the aid of commercial program to check the possible phases to be formed and to identify the problems of welding. Analyses were realized by optical microscopy, EBSD and hardness tests. Autogenous welds were carried out to verify the effect of heat input on microstructure and hardness of the alloys. The results indicated that the increase in molybdenum concentration resulted in increased hardness of the alloys. After welding the alloy with lower molybdenum content presented the formation of martensite. Alloys with molybdenum content above 5% presented a fully ferritic microstructure. The formation of martensite can be a problem in weld alloys with lower content of molybdenum, since it can cause loss in mechanical properties hindering their application

Gênero ilimitado: a construção discursiva da identidade travesti através da manipulação do sistema de gênero gramatical Unlimited gender: the discursive construction of the travesti identity through the manipulation of the grammatical gender system

Este estudo investiga a manipulação do sistema de gênero gramatical entre travestis profissionais do sexo do Sul do Brasil. Verificou-se que há uma preferência êmica do grupo por formas gramaticais femininas. Porém, as tensões ideológicas e corporais que circundam as travestis forçam-nas a utilizar o masculino em contextos específicos. As travestis empregam o masculino gramatical para 1) produzir narrativas sobre o período anterior às suas transformações corporais; 2) reportar discursos produzidos por outros ao falar de travestis; 3) falar de si em suas relações familiares; e 4) distinguir-se de outras travestis com as quais as falantes não se identificam. Assim, o estudo demonstra como essas travestis usam o gênero gramatical do Português como um recurso lingüístico para manipular suas identidades e as identidades da comunidade a que pertencem.<br>This study investigates Southern Brazilian traveestis' manipulation of the Portuguese grammatical gender system. During field work, it was verified that feminine forms are the preferred choice in the group. However, ideological and bodily tensions that surround travestis seem to force them to make use of masculine forms in specific discursive contexts. Travestis use masculine forms 1) to produce narratives about the time before their body modifications took place; 2) to report speech produced by others when talking about transvestites; 3) to talk about themselves within their family relationships; and 4) to distinguish themselves from 'other' travestis they do not identify with. Thus, the study shows how Southern Brazilian travestis use the Brazilian Portuguese grammatical gender system as a resource to manipulate their identities and the identities of the community they belong to

Platelet transfusion in neonatal intensive care units of 22 European countries: a prospective observational study

Background: Platelet transfusions are given to preterm infants with severe thrombocytopenia aiming to prevent haemorrhage. The PlaNeT2/MATISSE trial revealed higher rates of mortality and/or major bleeding in preterm infants receiving prophylactic platelet transfusions at a platelet count threshold of 50 × 109/L compared to 25 × 109/L. The extent to which this evidence has been incorporated into clinical practice is unknown, thus we aimed to describe current neonatal platelet transfusion practices in Europe. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study in 64 neonatal intensive care units across 22 European countries between September 2022 and August 2023. Outcome measures included observed transfusion prevalence rates (per country and overall, pooled using a random effects Poisson model), expected rates based on patient-mix (per country, estimated using logistic regression), cumulative incidence of receiving a transfusion by day 28 (with death and discharge considered as competing events), transfusion indications, volumes and infusion rates, platelet count triggers and increment, and adverse effects. Findings: We included 1143 preterm infants, of whom 71 (6.2%, [71/1143]) collectively received 217 transfusions. Overall observed prevalence rate was 0.3 platelet transfusion days per 100 admission days. By day 28, 8.3% (95% CI: 5.5–11.1) of infants received a transfusion. Most transfusions were indicated for threshold (74.2%, [161/217]). Pre-transfusion platelet counts were above 25 × 109/L in 33.1% [53/160] of these transfusions. There was significant variability in volume and duration. Interpretation: The restrictive threshold of 25 × 109/L is being integrated into clinical practice. Research is needed to explore existing variation and generate evidence for various aspects including optimal volumes and infusion rates. Funding:Sanquin,EBA, andESPR