Evaluation of the influence of kyphosis and scoliosis on intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs

Although thoracic vertebral malformations with kyphosis and scoliosis are often considered incidental findings on diagnostic imaging studies of screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds, they have been suggested to interfere with spinal biomechanics and intervertebral disc degeneration. It is however unknown if an abnormal spinal curvature also predisposes dogs to develop clinically relevant intervertebral disc herniations. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the occurrence of thoracic vertebral malformations, kyphosis or scoliosis would be associated with a higher prevalence of cervical or thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs

Risk of cancer from occupational exposure to ionising radiation: retrospective cohort study of workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS)

Study question Is protracted exposure to low doses of ionising radiation associated with an increased risk of solid cancer?Methods In this cohort study, 308 297 workers in the nuclear industry from France, the United Kingdom, and the United States with detailed monitoring data for external exposure to ionising radiation were linked to death registries. Excess relative rate per Gy of radiation dose for mortality from cancer was estimated. Follow-up encompassed 8.2 million person years. Of 66 632 known deaths by the end of follow-up, 17 957 were due to solid cancers.Study answer and limitations Results suggest a linear increase in the rate of cancer with increasing radiation exposure. The average cumulative colon dose estimated among exposed workers was 20.9 mGy (median 4.1 mGy). The estimated rate of mortality from all cancers excluding leukaemia increased with cumulative dose by 48% per Gy (90% confidence interval 20% to 79%), lagged by 10 years. Similar associations were seen for mortality from all solid cancers (47% (18% to 79%)), and within each country. The estimated association over the dose range of 0-100 mGy was similar in magnitude to that obtained over the entire dose range but less precise. Smoking and occupational asbestos exposure are potential confounders; however, exclusion of deaths from lung cancer and pleural cancer did not affect the estimated association. Despite substantial efforts to characterise the performance of the radiation dosimeters used, the possibility of measurement error remains. What this study adds The study provides a direct estimate of the association between protracted low dose exposure to ionising radiation and solid cancer mortality. Although high dose rate exposures are thought to be more dangerous than low dose rate exposures, the risk per unit of radiation dose for cancer among radiation workers was similar to estimates derived from studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Quantifying the cancer risks associated with protracted radiation exposures can help strengthen the foundation for radiation protection standards. Funding, competing interests, data sharing Support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire; AREVA; Electricité de France; US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; US Department of Energy; and Public Health England. Data are maintained and kept at the International Agency for Research on Cancer

Ionising radiation and risk of death from leukaemia and lymphoma in radiation-monitored workers (INWORKS): an international cohort study

SummaryBackgroundThere is much uncertainty about the risks of leukaemia and lymphoma after repeated or protracted low-dose radiation exposure typical of occupational, environmental, and diagnostic medical settings. We quantified associations between protracted low-dose radiation exposures and leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma mortality among radiation-monitored adults employed in France, the UK, and the USA.MethodsWe assembled a cohort of 308 297 radiation-monitored workers employed for at least 1 year by the Atomic Energy Commission, AREVA Nuclear Cycle, or the National Electricity Company in France, the Departments of Energy and Defence in the USA, and nuclear industry employers included in the National Registry for Radiation Workers in the UK. The cohort was followed up for a total of 8·22 million person-years. We ascertained deaths caused by leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. We used Poisson regression to quantify associations between estimated red bone marrow absorbed dose and leukaemia and lymphoma mortality.FindingsDoses were accrued at very low rates (mean 1·1 mGy per year, SD 2·6). The excess relative risk of leukaemia mortality (excluding chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) was 2·96 per Gy (90% CI 1·17–5·21; lagged 2 years), most notably because of an association between radiation dose and mortality from chronic myeloid leukaemia (excess relative risk per Gy 10·45, 90% CI 4·48–19·65).InterpretationThis study provides strong evidence of positive associations between protracted low-dose radiation exposure and leukaemia.FundingCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, AREVA, Electricité de France, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, US Department of Energy, US Department of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina, Public Health England

Les anomalies bucco-dentaires du chiot, épidémiologie, éthiologie, pathogénie et diagnostic

L'évolution bucco-dentaire chez le chiot s'étend de sa naissance à (éruption de la totalité de ses dents d'adulte, en passant par l'éruption puis la chute de ses dents de lait. La bouche est constituée de structures osseuses, de structures minérales et de tissus mous, qui doivent croître en harmonie les unes avec les autres. De nombreuses affections, d'origines diverses, peuvent toucher la bouche et les dents du jeune chien, au cours de sa croissance. Il est nécessaire de bien comprendre (anatomie et le développement embryologique de la bouche et de la dentition d'un chien pour saisir les mécanismes d'apparition de ces anomalies. Les malformations congénitales des lèvres, du palais et de la langue sont visibles dès la naissance et leurs pronostics sont souvent très réservés. Des facteurs environnementaux, au cours du développement du fétus, pourront entraîner (absences d'une ou plusieurs dents ou à l'inverse un excès de dents. Ces anomalies de nombre seront diagnostiquables plusieurs jours après la naissance. Au cours de la croissance des mâchoires, des malocclusions diverses peuvent apparaître, le plus souvent à support génétique. Il sera important de faire la distinction entre une malocclusion squelettique et une malocclusion purement dentaire, due à une malposition de quelques dents. D'autres anomalies, ayant une origine très probablement héréditaire, telles que la persistance des dents de lait o u une dent incluse, seront à surveiller par le praticien. En effet, ces affections peuvent avoir des conséquences fonctionnelles graves sur l'éruption et la croissance dentaire. De nombreux facteurs environnementaux peuvent interférer avec la bonne évolution bucco-dentaire du chiot. Les infections, notamment virales, peuvent provoquer une dysplasie de (émail des dents définitive de l'animal ou des défauts d'éruptions dentaires. Un accident de la voie publique peut entraîner des hémorragies de la pulpe dentaire, des avulsions dentaires voire des fractures de dents ou des mâchoires. Des traumatismes moins violents, durant la croissance dentaire, provoqueront éventuellement une dysplasie de (émail, des anomalies de position ou de volume lors de l'éruption dentaire. Des erreurs alimentaires peuvent engendrer des carences nutritionnelles, pouvant aller jusqu'au déchaussement des dents. Le praticien devra faire attention de ne pas provoquer, par ses interventions, des dommages irrémédiables sur la dentition du jeune chien. Enfin le jeune chien n'est pas épargné par les tumeurs de la bouche et des structures dentaires. En effet, les tumeurs de la cavité orales ont une fréquence importante chez le jeune, et certaines d'entre-elles peuvent être maligne. Le chien prenant une place à part entière dans la population, on s'inquiète de son bien-être et de son esthétisme. L'intérêt de la clientèle pour la stomatologie va en grandissant et le propriétaire devient donc plus sensible aux conseils de préventions du vétérinaire que se soit pour son propre confort et celui de son animal.MAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Abord latéral modifié du plexus brachial et de ses racines spinales chez le chien : évolution technique autorisant l'abord de l'ensemble du plexus

International audienc

Prevalence of canine hip dysplasia in 17 breeds in France, a retrospective study of the 1993–2019 radiographic screening period

International audienc

Fractures of the Second Cervical Vertebra in 66 Dogs and 3 Cats: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND:  In human medicine, fractures of the second cervical vertebra have been studied elaborately and categorized in detail. This is not the case in veterinary medicine where clinical decisions are often based on old studies focusing on the cervical spine in general. OBJECTIVES:  The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features, fracture types, therapeutic options and outcome of dogs and cats with a fractured axis. STUDY DESIGN:  The present study was a multi-institutional retrospective case series. RESULTS:  Crossbreeds and Labrador Retrievers were the most represented dog breeds. Median age was 2 years. Motor vehicle accident was the most common inciting cause, followed by frontal collision. The most common neurological deficits ranged from cervical pain with or without mild ataxia (22/68) to tetraparesis (28/68) and tetraplegia (11/68). Concerning treatment, 37 of 69 patients underwent surgical fracture stabilization, 27/69 received conservative therapy and 5/69 were immediately euthanatized. Of all treated cases, 52/58 showed ambulatory recovery (23/25 of the conservatively treated and 29/33 of the surgically treated cases), whereby in 40/52 cases full recovery without persisting signs was achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Fractures of the axis commonly occur in young dogs. In many cases, neurological deficits are relatively mild. Generally, animals with a fractured axis have a very good prognosis for functional recovery. The risk of perioperative mortality is considerably lower than previously reported