Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Clínicas Médicas Particulares: O caso de uma Clínica de Terapia Renal Substitutiva / Entrepreneurship and Management of Private Medical Clinics: The Case of a Renal Replacement Therapy Clinic

O setor privado de empreendimentos voltados para atendimento em saúde no Brasil representa um mercado expressivo, em especial, por se tratar de um bem de primeira necessidade da população. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever um caso de ensino de empreendedorismo focado na abertura de uma clínica de saúde particular, especializada em diálise para pacientes renais crônicos. Intenta-se que seja utilizado como material didático em cursos de graduação em administração e áreas similares. A construção do texto atende às normas aplicadas para casos de ensino. Os personagens centrais da história são Márcio, futuro nefrologista, e Carlos, já formado. Ambos lidam com as dificuldades iniciais para abertura de sua clínica particular devido a falta de experiência. A abertura de uma clínica particular apresenta os desafios pertinentes à abertura de qualquer empresa, dentre elas: análise de mercado, planejamento, divulgação e controle financeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho é proporcionar reflexão e desenvolvimento de competências acerca de temáticas voltadas para dificuldades enfrentadas por gestores, neste nicho de mercado específico, além de problematizar as estratégias utilizadas por empreendedores, analisar a tomada de decisões em gestão, atitude empreendedora, trabalho em equipe e seus reflexos empresariais

Notable fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus spp. isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of beef cattle fed in lignified pastures.

Fungi have the ability to degrade vegetal cell wall carbohydrates, and their presence in the digestive tract of ruminants can minimize the effects of lignified forage on ruminal fermentation. Here, we evaluated enzyme production by Aspergillus spp. isolates from the digestive tracts of cattle grazed in tropical pastures during the dry season. Filamentous fungi were isolated from rumen and feces by culture in cellulose-based medium. Ninety fungal strains were isolated and identified by rDNA sequence analysis, microculture, or both. Aspergillus terreus was the most frequently isolated species, followed by Aspergillus fumigatus. The isolates were characterized with respect to their cellulolytic, xylanolytic, and lignolytic activity through qualitative evaluation in culture medium containing a specific corresponding carbon source. Carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity was quantified by the reducing sugar method. In the avicel and xilan degradation test, the enzyme activity (EA) at 48 h was significantly higher other periods (P < 0.05). Intra- and inter-specific differences in EA were verified, and high levels of phenoloxidases, which are crucial for lignin degradation, were observed in 28.9% of the isolates. Aspergillus terreus showed significantly higher EA for avicelase (3.96 ±1.77) and xylanase (3.13 ±.091) than the other Aspergillus species at 48 h of incubation. Isolates AT13 and AF69 showed the highest CMCase specific activity (54.84 and 33.03 U mg-1 protein, respectively). Selected Aspergillus spp. isolates produced remarkable levels of enzymes involved in vegetal cell wall degradation, suggesting their potential as antimicrobial additives or probiotics in ruminant diets

Quantification of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of cattle that grazed on lignified pastures.

<p>Quantification of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of cattle that grazed on lignified pastures.</p