A geografia do feminicídio em Sergipe, Brasil: matriarcado, desenvolvimento humano e distribuição de renda

Objective: This research analyzed the joint spatial distribution and explored possible associations between epidemiological aspects and feminicide rates, in the municipalities of the State of Sergipe located into northeastern Brazilian. Methodology: An exploratory ecological study investigated the global spatial autocorrelation of epidemiological aspects with feminicide rates from municipalities of the State of Sergipe – Brazil (n= 75), in the 2013-2017 period, using the “global” and “local” Moran statistic method and a multiple spatial regression, having as variables of exposure the socioeconomic status, the demographic status, the services and health status, feminicide rates. The software used was Stata 11.0, SPSS 18.0 and GeoDa 0.95-i. Results:  The spatial distribution of the femicide rates was not random and showed high spatial autocorrelation and predominance of significant spatial groupings of municipalities with the highest mortality rates due to feminicide in the central region of Sergipe State. In the multiple regression, the percentage of women heads of families and the Municipal Human Development Index were positively associated with the rates of femicide in Sergipe's municipalities in the studied period (p <0.05). The opposite situation occurred between the GINI Index and the rates of femicide. Conclusions: This is the first study that analyze the factors associated with the spatial clusters of feminicide rates in a geographical space where there is a predominance of patriarchal culture. There was an increase in femicide in locations where there is lowest social inequality, greater human development and greater authority exercised by women in the family environment.  Objetivo: Esta pesquisa analisou a distribuição espacial conjunta e explorou possíveis associações entre aspectos epidemiológicos e taxas de feminicídio, nos municípios do Estado de Sergipe, localizados no nordeste brasileiro. Metodologia: Um estudo ecológico exploratório investigou a autocorrelação espacial global de aspectos epidemiológicos com taxas de feminicídio em municípios do Estado de Sergipe - Brasil (n = 75), no período 2013-2017, utilizando a estatística de Moran “global” e “local” e uma regressão espacial múltipla, tendo como variáveis a condição socioeconômica, a situação demográfica, os serviços e estado de saúde, taxas de feminicídio. Os softwares utilizados foram Stata 11.0, SPSS 18.0 e GeoDa 0.95-i. Resultados: A distribuição espacial das taxas de feminicídio não foi aleatória e apresentou elevada autocorrelação espacial e predomínio de agrupamentos espaciais significativos de municípios com as maiores taxas de mortalidade por feminicídio na região central do Estado de Sergipe. Na regressão múltipla, o percentual de mulheres chefes de família e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal associaram-se positivamente às taxas de feminicídio nos municípios sergipanos no período estudado (p <0,05). Situação oposta ocorreu entre o Índice GINI e as taxas de feminicídio. Conclusões: Este é o primeiro estudo que analisa os fatores associados aos clusters espaciais das taxas de feminicídio em um espaço geográfico onde há predomínio da cultura patriarcal. Houve aumento do feminicídio em localidades onde há menor desigualdade social, maior desenvolvimento humano e maior autoridade exercida pelas mulheres no ambiente familiar

Pervasive decline of subtropical aquatic insects over 20 years driven by water transparency, non-native fish and stoichiometric imbalance.

Insect abundance and diversity are declining worldwide. Although recent research found freshwater insect populations to be increasing in some regions, there is a critical lack of data from tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we examine a 20-year monitoring dataset of freshwater insects from a subtropical floodplain comprising a diverse suite of rivers, shallow lakes, channels and backwaters. We found a pervasive decline in abundance of all major insect orders (Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Megaloptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera) and families, regardless of their functional role or body size. Similarly, Chironomidae species richness decreased over the same time period. The main drivers of this pervasive insect decline were increased concurrent invasions of non-native insectivorous fish, water transparency and changes to water stoichiometry (i.e. N : P ratios) over time. All these drivers represent human impacts caused by reservoir construction. This work sheds light on the importance of long-term studies for a deeper understanding of human-induced impacts on aquatic insects. We highlight that extended anthropogenic impact monitoring and mitigation actions are pivotal in maintaining freshwater ecosystem integrity

AVALIAÇÃO DO CUSTO DE PRODUÇÃO DA PISCICULTURA NO ASSENTAMENTO NOSSA SENHORA APARECIDA, EM VÁRZEA GRANDE-MT

A piscicultura no Brasil é abundante pela vasta riqueza hidrobiológica pelo território. O estado de Mato Grosso além de ser uma grande potência no agronegócio é também o maior produtor de peixes de água doce no Brasil, principalmente das espécies: Pacu, Tambaqui e seus híbridos, Tambacu e Tambatinga, bagres de couro (Pintado) e os Brycons (Piraputanga e Matrinxã), o que pode vir agregar valor ao pescado produzido. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os custos de produção para a criação de Pintado e Tambatinga no assentamento Nossa Senhora Aparecida em Várzea Grande-MT no período de 2014, visando identificar o custo operacional total, custo operacional efetivo e analisar o custo de produção total de peixes. A pesquisa possui natureza aplicada realizada a análise de conteúdo, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estrututada com os proprietários do assentamento. Utilizou-se a análise do Custo Operacional Efetivo (COE) e o Custo Operacional Total (COT) resultando em um Custo total (CT) da Produção de Peixes em 2014 foi de R$100.856,33 formado pela soma do COE, COT e da Remuneração da Terra. Portanto, 82% do capital está efetivamente ligado a produção (COE) 13% são compostos pelos custos com depreciação e 5% constitui a remuneração da terra, conclui-se que é necessário planejamento e investimento para o aumento da produtividade e melhor desempenho financeiro da atividade da piscicultur

Evolução da cadeia produtiva do leite em dois municípios do Sul do Brasil

Milk is one of the richest food sources of nutrients and vitamins for humans, mainly due to its calcium content and high quality proteins. Due to the importance of this food, the milk production chain is one of the segments that has generated huge socioeconomic impacts on the national scene, which has undergone countless transformations in the last decades. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the main factors responsible for the evolution of the milk production chain in the municipalities of Três Passos and Tiradentes do Sul, RS, Brazil. To this end, a field survey was carried out, where a semi-structured questionnaire was applied, addressed to 20 producers that develop activities in the area of milk production in these municipalities. It was found that the adoption of technological innovations was the fundamental point for the dairy activity to undergo expressive changes in recent years, both in the quantity and in the quality of the milk produced, being the factor responsible for the improvement and enhancement of the sector. Therefore, the modernization and implementation of technological innovations are fundamental factors for the positive changes that have occurred in the dairy sector.La leche es una de las fuentes alimentarias más ricas en nutrientes y vitaminas para el ser humano, principalmente por su contenido en calcio y proteínas de alta calidad. Debido a la importancia de este alimento, la cadena de producción de leche es uno de los segmentos que ha generado enormes impactos socioeconómicos en el escenario nacional, que ha sufrido numerosas transformaciones en las últimas décadas. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar los principales factores responsables de la evolución de la cadena de producción de leche en los municipios de Três Passos y Tiradentes do Sul, RS, Brasil. Para ello, se realizó una investigación de campo, donde se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado, dirigido a 20 productores que desarrollan actividades en el área de la producción de leche en estos municipios. Se comprobó que la adopción de Las innovaciones tecnológicas fueron el punto clave para que la actividad láctea experimentara cambios significativos en los últimos años, tanto en cantidad como en calidad de la leche producida, siendo el factor responsable de la mejora y potenciación del sector. Por lo tanto, la modernización y la aplicación de innovaciones tecnológicas son factores clave para los cambios positivos que se han producido en el sector lácteo.O leite é uma das fontes de alimentação mais ricas em nutrientes e vitaminas para os seres humanos, principalmente devido ao seu teor de cálcio e proteínas de alta qualidade. Devido à importância deste alimento, a cadeia produtiva do leite é um dos segmentos que tem gerado enormes impactos socioeconômicos no cenário nacional, a qual sofreu inúmeras transformações nas últimas décadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os principais fatores responsáveis pela evolução da cadeia produtiva do leite nos municípios de Três Passos e Tiradentes do Sul, RS, Brasil. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa a campo, onde foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado, dirigido a 20 produtores que desenvolvem atividades na área de produção de leite nestes municípios. Constatou-se que a adoção de inovações tecnológicas foi o ponto fundamental para que a atividade leiteira passasse por mudanças expressivas nos últimos anos, tanto na quantidade quanto na qualidade do leite produzido, sendo o fator responsável pelo aprimoramento e potencialização do setor. Portanto, a modernização e a implantação de inovações tecnológicas são fatores fundamentais para as mudanças positivas ocorridas no setor leiteiro

Clinical efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in Children: a systematic review with meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Dengue hemorrhagic fever is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in children living in Asia and Latin America. There is an urgent need for an effective and safe dengue vaccine to reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population given the lack of dengue specific treatment at present. This review aims to determine the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of CYD-TDV vaccine in children. METHODS This is a systematic review including meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trial data from Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies that assessed CYD-TDV vaccine efficacy [(1 - RR)*100], safety (RR), and immunogenicity (weighted mean difference) in children were included in this study. Random effects model was employed to analyze patient-level data extracted from primary studies. RESULTS The overall efficacy of CYD-TDV vaccine was 54% (40-64), while serotype-specific efficacy was 77% (66-85) for DENV4, 75% (65-82) for DENV3, 50% (36-61) for DENV1, and 34% (14-49) for DENV2. 15% (-174-74) vaccine efficacy was obtained for the unknown serotype. Meta-analysis of included studies with longer follow-up time (25 months) revealed that CYD-TDV vaccine significantly increased the risk of injection site reactions (RR = 1.1: 1.04-1.17; p-value = 0.001). Immunogenicity (expressed as geometric mean titers) in descending order was 439.7 (331.7-547.7), 323 (247 - 398.7), 144.1 (117.9-170.2), and 105 (88.7-122.8) for DENV3, DENV2, DENV1, and DENV4, respectively. CONCLUSION CYD-TDV vaccine is effective and immunogenic in children overall. Reduced efficacy of CYD-TDV vaccine against DENV2 notoriously known for causing severe dengue infection and dengue outbreaks cause for serious concern. Post hoc meta-analysis of long-term follow-up data (≥25 months) from children previously vaccinated with CYD-TDV vaccine is needed to make a conclusion regarding CYD-TDV vaccine safety in children. However, CYD-TDV vaccine should be considered for use in regions where DENV2 is not endemic as currently there is no specific treatment for dengue infection

A transgenic mouse model for monitoring oxidative stress

Oxidative stress conditions enhance the production of reactive oxygen species resulting from a variety of stimuli, and are associated with various human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and various cancers. Though such associations have been closely studied using animal models, there has been no in vivo system for monitoring oxidative stress. We have developed an oxidative stress indicator that is dually regulated by induction at the transcriptional level, and by protein stabilisation at the post-translational level in Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. In vitro, our indicator elicited an intense and specific signal to oxidative stress among various agents, in a Keap1-Nrf2-dependent manner. Moreover, the transgenic animal expressing the indicator exhibited significant signals upon oxidative stress. These results indicate the usefulness of our system as an indicator of oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo

Micropapillary carcinoma in a dog: case report

Mammary neoplasms in female dogs present a high incidence. Several histological types are observed, among them, micropapillary carcinoma is considered one of the most aggressive because it is related to vascular invasion, metastases and low survival time. Aimed to describe a case of micropapillary breast carcinoma, with cutaneous metastasis, in a dog. A canine, female, 14 years old, 8kg, not defined breed, uncastrated, nulliparous, with pseudocyesis and no contraceptives administration history was attended at the Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics Service from "Governador Laudo Natel” Hospital, FCAV, UNESP, Jaboticabal, presenting a breast ulcerated nodule, with one month estimated evolution. After stabilization and preoperative exams, radical unilateral mastectomy and ipsilateral axillary and inguinal lymphadenectomy were performed. Histopathologic diagnosis revealed micropapillary carcinoma and free surgical margins from neoplasm, however, there were metastasis in both lymph nodes. The tutors did not adhere to antineoplastic chemotherapy. In 60th post-surgical day, there was inflammatory reaction in the surgical scar region, with small cutaneous ulceration, where the elastogram  revealed  rigidity and shear velocity of 7.84m/s. Skin biopsy revealed metastasis of micropapillary breast carcinoma. There was progression of ulcerations, compromising animal’s welfare and its physiological activities, when on the 110th post-surgical day, it was decided to euthanize the patient.  The correct diagnosis and knowledge of tumor biological behavior are importants points to choose the correct treatment. The adjuvant chemotherapy treatment can impact on average survival time and ARFI elastography is an accurate predictor of rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of micropapillary carcinoma recurrence.Mammary neoplasms in female dogs have a high incidence. Among the several histological types observed, micropapillary carcinoma is considered one of the most aggressive due to vascular invasion, metastases, and short survival time. The present objective was to describe a case of mammary gland micropapillary carcinoma, with cutaneous metastasis, in a dog. A 14-year-old intact nulliparous mixed-breed bitch, weighing 8kg, with a history of pseudocyesis and no history of contraceptive administration, presented to the Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics Service from "Governador Laudo Natel” Hospital, FCAV, UNESP, Jaboticabal, with an ulcerated nodule in the mammary gland for approximately one month. After stabilization of clinical parameters and preoperative exams, a radical unilateral mastectomy and ipsilateral axillary and inguinal lymphadenectomy were performed. Histopathology revealed micropapillary carcinoma with clear surgical margins, however, there were metastases in both lymph nodes. Antineoplastic chemotherapy was refused by the owners. On the 60th day after surgery, there was an inflammatory reaction in the surgical scar region, with a small cutaneous ulceration, where elastography showed rigidity and shear velocity of 7.84m/s. Skin biopsy revealed metastasis of the micropapillary carcinoma. Even with continued treatment since the patient was first examined, the ulcerations progressed, compromising the animal’s welfare and physiological activities, and on the 110th day after surgery, euthanasia was decided on. A correct diagnosis and knowledge of tumor biological behavior are important points for choosing the correct treatment. Acoustic Radiation Force Image (ARFI) elastography has been shown to be a fast and non-invasive diagnostic method for detection of recurrent micropapillary carcinoma