Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment: Critical Review of Iranian Studies

Over the past decade, cognitive diagnostics has been favored by educational researchers as an approach to assessing student achievement, but the use of DCMs has been criticized. Due to the tendency of Iranian researchers towards this type of assessment, this study was conducted with the aim of critically reviewing Iranian research in this field in order to analyze its methodology. For this purpose, the main relevant Iranian databases including SID, Google Scholar, Scopus, Noormags, Magiran, and Elmnet were searched, and 32 studies were considered. Considering the criteria for inclusion and exclusion of studies, 20 studies in this field that were conducted between 2015 and 2020 were selected. In the next step, the selected studies were critically reviewed independently by the researchers using the indicators recommended by Sessoms & Henson (2018). The indicators included the thematic focus of the research, the number of competencies, the constructs measured, the structure of the test items, the Q matrix, the statistical model type, the model fit, the item fit, the question type, the sample size, the evidence of reliability and validity, the description of the competencies (latent categories, the correlation between competencies, the competency profile), and the application of the results.The results showed that a large number of the research conducted did not provide empirical support for general assumptions such as correlation between attributes, did not provide sufficient evidence for reliability and validity, did not report on the competency profile, and did not provide feedback to stakeholders. We provide some guidelines to improve the quality of such models

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF A SET OF MASTER'S THESES AS MANIFESTATION OF RESEARCH LITERACY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN IRAN

From a constructivist point of view, the identification of any shortcomings in the educational process would be the first step towards its reconstruction and improvement. Although, to do so require an evaluation of the whole system and its processes and products.  However, an evaluative analysis of its products can help identify some of the deficiencies and ways of overcoming them. To this end, given the realities of the Iranian scene in regard to graduate studies, a set of master's theses in educational psychology was evaluated in terms of having the very basic characteristics of a research report in both structure and content. Given that previous research has shown major shortcomings in these respects, it was suspected that the mushrooming of institutions granting graduate degrees, and the increase in admissions, may have exacerbated the problem. The current findings show that the shortcomings have increased both in scope and depth, implying that the quality of both teaching and learning how to research has declined.  Article visualizations

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using Broth Micro Dilution Method in Iran: A Meta-Analysis (2007-2016)

Background:      Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most signifuicant pathogens in Iran; it is one of the WHO-declared microbial resistance emergencies; and also one of the most important challenges facing the prevalence of resistance. The aim of this study was to detect MRSA using Broth Micro Dilution method and meta-analysis in Iran from 2007 to 2016. Methods:       Persian databases (including Magiran, Irandoc, and SID) and International databases (including pubmed, science direct, and scopus) were searched during this period (2007-2016), such that the high heterogeneity (50% < I2) in this study was analyzed using the DerSimonian Laird method. Data were categorized into subgroups based on year of study and province. Due to the high validity of the diagnosis of organisms and quantitative results, antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was used to detect MRSA. Data analysis was performed using statsdirect software. Results:      Based on the available data in medical databases, 678 articles were selected. In total, 29 remaining studies entered the meta-analysis phase. In this study, the overall prevalence of MRSA using MIC is 53% (95% CI: 0.42.31, 63.90); in 2016 it was 77.56% (95% CI: 76.07, 78.99) and in 2007 was 57.49% (95% CI: 53.17, 61.72). The heterogeneity was estimated to be 98.5% (95% CI: 98.4, 98.6). Conclusion:    Based on the results, there is an increasing prevalence of MRSA in Iran. These may be due to the failure or lack of infection control activities and antimicrobial selection pressure

همبستگی رفتار اخلاقی با تاب‌آوری پرستاران: نقش میانجی پذیرش اجتماعی و اعتماد سازمانی

Background and Aim: Resilience is one of the required characteristics of nursing professionals. Therefore, it seems necessary to study the nurses' resilience predictors in order to encourage them to engage in behaviors based on accepted ethical norms and attempt to internalize these behaviors so as to establish human relationships in health care systems. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between ethical behavior and nurses' resilience by explaining the mediating role of social desirability and organizational trust. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. A sample of 195 nurses in Borujerd teaching hospitals in 2020 was selected based on availability quota sampling method. They responded to the standard scales of moral behavior (Swanson &amp; Hill), resilience (Connor and Davidson), organizational trust (Paine) and social desirability (Marlowe-Crowne). Content validity was measured qualitatively, construct validity was measured through convergent and discriminant validity; the internal consistency reliability was measured through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability for instruments. Data analysis was performed through Smart Pls 3.5. Ethical Considerations: In this study, principles related to ethical considerations such as confidentiality of participants' identities, informed consent of research participants and the possibility to leave the research process were observed. Findings: Ethical behavior has a significant and direct correlation with social desirability (0.51), organizational trust (0.58) and resilience (0.69), respectively. Also, social desirability of 0.62 and organizational trusts of 0.66 have a significant and direct correlation with resilience. The mediating role of social desirability increases the correlation between ethical behavior and nurses' resilience by 0.32. Also, the mediating role of organizational trust increases the correlation between ethical behavior and nurses' resilience by 0.38. Conclusion: According to the research findings, it is suggested that hospital managers pay attention to the components of ethical behavior and practice them, especially in the nursing department, to influence nurses’ social desirability and organizational trust, leading to the positive enhancement of their resilience. &nbsp; Cite this article as: Mohsenpour M, Taheri Goodarzi H. Correlation between Ethical Behavior and Nurses' Resilience: The Mediating Role of Social Desirability and Organizational Trust. Faslnamah-i akhlaq-i pizishki. 2021; 15(46): e20.زمینه و هدف: تاب‌آوری یکی ویژگی‌های مورد نیاز در حرفه‌مندان پرستاری است، لذا مطالعه عوامل پیش‌بینی‌کننده تاب‌آوری پرستاران به منظور ترغیب آن‌ها برای بروز رفتارهای مبتنی بر هنجارهای اخلاقی پذیرفته شده و تلاش برای نهادینه‌کردن این رفتارها جهت برقراری ارتباطات انسانی در سیستم‌های ارائه خدمات سلامت ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی همبستگی رفتار اخلاقی با تاب‌آوری پرستاران با تبیین نقش میانجی پذیرش اجتماعی و اعتماد سازمانی انجام شد. مواد و روش‌‌ها: این پژوهش به روش توصیفی ـ همبستگی انجام گردید. نمونه‌ای متشکل از 195 نفر از پرستاران بیمارستان‌های آموزشی شهر بروجرد در سال 1399 به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس سهمیه‌ای به مقیاس‌های استاندارد رفتار اخلاقی (Swanson &amp; Hill)، تاب‌آوری (Connor &amp; Davidson)، اعتماد سازمانی (Paine) و پذیرش اجتماعی (Marlowe-Crowne) پاسخ دادند. روایی محتوا به روش کیفی، روایی سازه از طریق روایی همگرا و تشخیصی، پایایی به روش همسانی درونی با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی برای ابزارها اندازه‌گیری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار Smart Pls 3.5 انجام شد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در این مطالعه اصول مرتبط با ملاحظات اخلاقی از جمله محرمانه‌ماندن هویت مشارکت‌کنندگان، رضایت آگاهانه شركت‌كنندگان در پژوهش و امکان خروج از روند تحقیق رعایت شد. یافته‌ها: رفتار اخلاقی با پذیرش اجتماعی به مقدار 51/0، با اعتماد سازمانی به مقدار 58/0 و با تاب‌آوری به مقدار 69/0، همبستگی معنی‌دار و مستقیم دارد. همچنین پذیرش اجتماعی به مقدار 62/0 و اعتماد سازمانی به مقدار 66/0، با تاب‌آوری همبستگی معنی‌دار و مستقیم دارند. نقش میانجی پذیرش اجتماعی، همبستگی رفتار اخلاقی با تاب‌آوری پرستاران را به مقدار 32/0 افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین نقش میانجی اعتماد سازمانی، همبستگی رفتار اخلاقی با تاب‌آوری پرستاران را به مقدار 38/0 افزایش می‌دهد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش پیشنهاد می‌شود مدیران بیمارستان‌ها به مؤلفه‌های رفتار اخلاقی و عمل به آن‌ها به خصوص در بخش پرستاری اهمیت دهند تا با تحت تأثیر قراردادن پذیرش اجتماعی و اعتماد سازمانی پرستاران، تاب‌آوری آن‌ها را در جهت مثبت تقویت نمایند

The Effectiveness of Child-Parent Relationship Play Therapy on Emotion Regulation and Subjective Vitality in Students with Learning Disabilities in the COVID Pandemic

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of child-parent relationships play therapy on emotion regulation and subjective vitality in students with learning disorders. The research was a quasi-experimental study (pre-test-post-test with a control group). The statistical population consisted of students from third-grade to sixth-grade with learning disabilities who had been referred to the learning disability centers of Birjand during the school year of 2020-2021. Thirty students were selected and divided randomly into experimental and control groups. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) and Subjective vitality scale (Ryan & Frederick, 1997) assessment instrument had been used. The plan based on child-parent relationship therapy was performed for the experimental group during ten virtual sessions. The results of multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance showed play therapy based on child-parent relationships had a significant effect on emotion regulation and subjective vitality in students with learning disorders. However, it did not affect the combination of dependent variables of emotion regulation and subjective vitality. Even though the effective use of all emotion regulation strategies has an effect on the well-being and vitality of students with learning disabilities, using only two strategies of Reappraisal and Suppression can’t increase higher subjective vitality in these students undoubtedly. It can be concluded that the treatment in question affects the emotion regulation and subjective vitality of students with learning disabilities and can be used to help them

Comparison of Critical Thinking and Clinical Decision Making Skills Among the Last-Semester Nursing Students and Practicing Nurses in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Critical thinking and clinical decision making skills lead to care improvement and the application of nursing process. Previous studies have indicated that critical thinking and clinical decision making skills among nurses and students are low and studies comparing nurses and students in this regard have yielded inconsistent results. Thus this survey aimed to compare critical thinking and clinical decision making skills in the last-semester students and nurses in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all 35 senior (last-semester) students and a random sample of 35 nurses with above 2 years of work experience were selected. California Critical Thinking questionnaire (Form B) and Lauri’s clinical decision making questionnaire were used for data gathering. Data were analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, analysis of variance, chi square, and non-parametric tests. Results: Mean of critical thinking scores for students was 10.49±2.6 and for nurses 10.33±4.6. Mean score of clinical decision making for students was 68.05±4.46 and for nurses 63.70±10.01. Comparison of students and nurses in terms of the mean scores of critical thinking and clinical decision making showed a statistically meaningful difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: Low levels of critical thinking and clinical decision making skills among nursing students and nurses indicates the necessity of the skill improvement by embedding them in students’ curriculum and continuous education for nurses