Performance Evaluation of Competing Data Structures

Pathfinding is an essential part of many applications, including video games and robot navigation. A pathfinding algorithm usually finds a path from the given starting point to the endpoint. Many different implementations of pathfinding solutions exist in the industry. One of the most known and used of these algorithms is A*. A* will find the shortest path from the starting point to the endpoint. Classic A* algorithm can guarantee the shortest path to the desired destination which was introduced in 1968 by Hart, Nilsson, and Raphael. A* is widely used in the game industry to solve the shortest path problem. The A* algorithm utilizes two data structures. A* explores the nodes in the graph from the start position one by one and assign them a value of F which is the sum of G cost and H cost. G Cost is the actual cost of exploring the node from the starting position to the current node, and H cost is the estimation of the cost of from the current node to the goal node. The Open List keeps all of the nodes that are not explored at each iteration of the algorithm. In each iteration, the algorithm removes the node with the least value of F cost and run the algorithm. If the node is not the goal, it will be added to the closed list. Interactions with the open list, which are insert (current node) and remove Min, are the costliest part of the algorithm. It is well known that using a priority queue will increase the performance of this algorithm. A number of priority queues have been used to implement A* and improve the performance of this algorithm. We propose to use a Lazy binary heap and evaluate its performance compared to other data structures. We expect that due to decreasing the size of the current open list, it will outperform other binary heaps

The Mediation Role of Marketing Orientation in Relationship between Environmental Friendliness with Customer Green Intention Buying

As green marketing becomes an essential tool for sustainable business strategy, companies are adopting green marketing practices to achieve better business performance. However, no research has yet operationalized all the organizational facets that are necessary to become a green marketing oriented company. The main purpose of this study is evaluating the impact of environmental friendliness on customer green intention buying with regarding marketing orientation. 12 Hypotheses were generated based on conceptual model. The sample includes 390 customers of Kalleh Company in Iran. The research is based on structural equation modeling (SEM) based on variation (partial least square) and path analysis. The collected data were analyzed by PLS software. The result revealed that there are positive and significant relationship between variables except tactical green marketing orientation and green satisfaction which is not significant. This researchs findings guide managers to develop their business and performance strategies and results and help them to improve the level of customers behaviors. KeyWords marketing orientation, Environmental, customer green intention buying, green trust, green satisfactio

Modified Projective Synchronization of Chaotic Systems with Noise Disturbance, an Active Nonlinear Control Method

The synchronization problem of chaotic systems using active modified projective nonlinear control method is rarely addressed. Thus the concentration of this study is to derive a modified projective controller to synchronize the two chaotic systems. Since, the parameter of the master and follower systems are considered known, so active methods are employed instead of adaptive methods. The validity of the proposed controller is studied by means of the Lyapunov stability theorem. Furthermore, some numerical simulations are shown to verify the validity of the theoretical discussions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in both speed and accuracy points of views

Adaptive Projective Lag Synchronization of T and Lu Chaotic Systems

In this paper, the synchronization problem of T chaotic system and Lu chaotic system is studied. The parameter of the drive T chaotic system is considered unknown. An adaptive projective lag control method and also parameter estimation law are designed to achieve chaos synchronization problem between two chaotic systems. Then Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to prove the validity of the proposed control method. After that, some numerical simulations are performed to assess the performance of the proposed method. The results show high accuracy of the proposed method in control and synchronization of chaotic systems

Identification and Prioritization of Strategies to Tackle the Barriers of Youth Engagement in Public Sports and Health Based on ANP Method in Mashhad

Introduction: Public sport as a low-cost and fun but effective tool can be part of the daily life plan of the people that can function for the general public in terms of individual and social characteristics, and, in particular, contribute significantly to the promotion of physical, psychological and social health of the youth.Methods: In this causal-comparative study, experts in the field of public sport and health were consulted. 30 public sport and health activists including coaches and staff of the sports board as well as university professors and 10 professors of physical education and health were selected through interviews. Then, the data obtained were analyzed by Lambda method and the design of matrix tables for paired comparisons of final weights of barriers and sub-barriers, using the AHP method and the ranking of barriers and sub-barriers by ANP method at the level of p Conclusion: Among the proposed solutions for management barriers, the decision to approve the plan by the deputies was the first priority for the Ministry of Health and Treatment to create sports spaces. Among the solutions presented for social-cultural barriers, the agreement to exchange media coverage of women's sports activities and increase knowledge and awareness were first and foremost for women and men. Also, parents' justification of positive effects of exercise and health on improving mental performance for personal-familial barriers was given the priority

Pain Management in the Emergency Department: a Review Article on Options and Methods

Context: The aim of this review is to recognizing different methods of analgesia for emergency medicine physicians (EMPs) allows them to have various pain relief methods to reduce pain and to be able to use it according to the patient’s condition and to improve the quality of their services. Evidence acquisition: In this review article, the search engines and scientific databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane for emergency pain management methods were reviewed. Among the findings, high quality articles were eventually selected from 2000 to 2018, and after reviewing them, we have conducted a comprehensive comparison of the usual methods of pain control in the emergency department (ED).  Results: For better understanding, the results are reported in to separate subheadings including “Parenteral agents” and “Regional blocks”. Non-opioids analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are commonly used in the treatment of acute pain. However, the relief of acute moderate to severe pain usually requires opioid agents. Considering the side effects of systemic drugs and the restrictions on the use of analgesics, especially opioids, regional blocks of pain as part of a multimodal analgesic strategy can be helpful. Conclusion: This study was designed to investigate and identify the disadvantages and advantages of using each drug to be able to make the right choices in different clinical situations for patients while paying attention to the limitations of the use of these analgesic drugs

Pain Management in the Emergency Department: a Review Article on Options and Methods

Context: The aim of this review is to recognizing different methods of analgesia for emergency medicine physicians (EMPs) allows them to have various pain relief methods to reduce pain and to be able to use it according to the patient’s condition and to improve the quality of their services. Evidence acquisition: In this review article, the search engines and scientific databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane for emergency pain management methods were reviewed. Among the findings, high quality articles were eventually selected from 2000 to 2018, and after reviewing them, we have conducted a comprehensive comparison of the usual methods of pain control in the emergency department (ED).  Results: For better understanding, the results are reported in to separate subheadings including “Parenteral agents” and “Regional blocks”. Non-opioids analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are commonly used in the treatment of acute pain. However, the relief of acute moderate to severe pain usually requires opioid agents. Considering the side effects of systemic drugs and the restrictions on the use of analgesics, especially opioids, regional blocks of pain as part of a multimodal analgesic strategy can be helpful. Conclusion: This study was designed to investigate and identify the disadvantages and advantages of using each drug to be able to make the right choices in different clinical situations for patients while paying attention to the limitations of the use of these analgesic drugs

Efficiency Assessment of Baseflow Separation Methods in Gol-Gol Catchment, Ilam

In this research, the baseflow at the Gol Gol station, as a part of the Ilam dam watershed from 1991 to 2015, was separated from the entire river flow. For this purpose, WETSPRO methods, one-parameter and two-parameter numerical filters for continuous flow with porous and rocky aquifers, and using flow index and WHAT software with different filtration coefficients were used. To compare the methods and to select the most appropriate method, BFI index was used as an observational baseflow. Based on the results obtained, the baseflow occupies a major part of the total flow. The mean of the total flow rate was 1.945 m3/s and the mean of the baseflow index was 1.445 m3/s, which indicates the permeability of the watershed. RMSE, MAE, and Nash-Sutcliffe criteria were used to evaluate the efficiency of the methods. The results showed that the Lyne and Hollick method based on WHAT software had the best result and then followed by Eckhart for continuous flow with a porous aquifer with a significance level of 0.742, mean 1.250 m3/s, with a confidence level of more than 95%. Therefore, the Eckhart method can be considered suitable for continuous flow with a porous aquifer with a filter coefficient of 0.990 due to the proximity of the mean baseflow in it to the mean of the baseflow index

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Pellet-Based Tablet System for Potential Colon Delivery of Budesonide

Budesonide, a potent glucocorticoid, is used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Current available oral formulations of budesonide have low efficacy against ulcerative colitis because of the premature drug release in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper a pH- and time-controlled colon-targeted pellet-based tablet of budesonide was established. Pellet cores were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method and further coated with xanthan gum (barrier layer), Eudragit NE30D and L30D55 combination (inner layer), and Eudragit FS30 (as enteric layer) sequentially to achieve the required release profile. The coated pellets then compressed into tablets using inert tabletting granules of Cellactose or Pearlitol. Release studies, performed in simulated gastric, intestinal, and colon pH were used in sequence to mimic the gastrointestinal transit. The influence of formulation variables like barrier layer thickness, inner layer composition, and enteric coat thickness on drug release were investigated and the coated pellets that contained 12% weight gain in xanthan gum layer, Eudragit L30D55 and Eudragit NE30D with a ratio of 3 : 7 in inner layer with 30% weight gain and 25% weight gain in Eudragit FS layer were found to protect the drug release in stomach and small intestine and 83.35 ± 2.4 of budesonide was released at 24 h. The drug release from the tablets prepared using 40% Cellactose 80 as tableting excipient was found to be closely similar to that of uncompressed pellets