Functional interference of androgen receptor signaling by the Inhibitor of Growth 1

The androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critical for prostate cancer (PCa) progression to the castration-resistant stage with poor clinical outcome. Altered function of AR interacting factors contributes to castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa). Inhibitor of growth 1 (ING1) is an epigenetic regulator of various cellular processes including proliferation and cellular senescence. ING1 dysregulation and its signaling have been implicated in PCa, but its role in AR signaling is still unknown. Based on the shown interaction between AR and ING1b, specific targeting the AR by ING1b can be one possible way to inhibit the AR signaling and induce cellular senescence in PCa cells. The results indicate that ING1b expression is downregulated in CRPCa cells compared to androgen-dependent ones. Thereby, its ectopic expression induces cellular senescence and reduces cell migration in both PCa cells. ING1b knockdown (KD) analysis indicates that ING1b is a downstream target of AR-mediated cellular senescence in PC3-AR cells. ING1b overexpression represses AR transactivation on key target genes in LNCaP cells possibly through AR degradation. Intriguingly, ING1b KD inhibits AR-mediated transcriptional regulation of the same target genes in both PCa cells, which could be verified in vivo using Ing1 KO mice. This interesting result could be explained by the compensatory mechanism through enhanced expression of the ING2a protein in ING1-deficient condition as ectopic expression of ING2a also hampers the AR transcriptional activation similar to ING1b. Taken together, this compensatory mechanism suggests a novel crosstalk among ING family members in regulating AR functions and opens a potential way to inhibit AR signaling in PCa

Morpho-histological characteristics of gonads and reproductive index in an endemic fish species, Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel, 1847) (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Kor River

This study presents the first details on morphological and histological characteristics of gonads, gonadal development stages and reproductive index of the Persian loach, Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel, 1847), an Iranian endemic species. Sampling was done from April 2010 to April 2011 using electrofishing device and a total of 196 individuals were collected. The gonads of specimens were removed, their sexes determined and then were fixed in 10% formalin solution after checking their morphology and measuring their weights, lengths and widths. Based on the size, shape and weight of the gonads, degree of occupation of the body cavity, presence or absence of ripe oocytes or milt, diameter of the oocytes in the ovary, and histological observations, five stages of sexual maturation in females and four stages in males were determined by macroscopic and microscopic criteria. The results of the gonadal stages showed that the O. persa spawns in the middle of spring and these stages were correlated to the gonado-somatic index (GSI)

Population dynamic parameters of the highly endemic fish, Alburnoides qanati Coad and Bogustkaya 2009, (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Kor River Basin, Iran

The present study provides the data on the population parameters of an endemic qanat spirlin, Alburnoides qanati from the endorheic Kor River basin of Iran to assess the stock status of this cyprinid fish species, which is highly important from management and conservation points of views. Fish specimens (387) were collected from Moshkan Stream, Kor River basin, Iran in 2011-2012. Asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated at 123.9 mm and 0.31/year for females and 93 mm and 0.49/year for males, respectively. Growth performance index (Ø') was calculated as 8.47 and 8.35 for female and male specimens, respectively. Total mortality (Z) of females (1.56/year) was higher than males (1.14/year) whereas natural mortality (M) of female specimens (0.44/year) was lower than male specimens (0.65/year). Data on growth and mortality parameters and also length-weight relationship of A. qanati revealed significant differences with corresponding data from other Alburnoides species from Iran and other countries, which could be attributed to habitat’s differences and specific species characteristics

A histo-morphological characteristics of gonads in Mudskipper, Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 from Helleh estuary, Southwestern Iran

In this study, the morphological and histological studies of male and female gonads in mudskipper, Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 from Helleh estuary (Bushehr Province, southwestern Iran) were performed to determine its gonadal development stages and histo-morphological characteristics. Sampling was done from April 2010 to March 2011 and a total of 81 individuals were collected by hand net. The gonads of specimens were removed, their sexes determined and then fixed in 10% formalin solution after checking their morphology and measuring their weights, lengths and widths. Six stages of gonadal development in females and four stages in males were determined based on macroscopic and microscopic observations and reproductive indices. In female, increasing of the ovary size is occurred because of the accumulation of yolk materials in oocytes, and in the last stages, little folding in ovary was observed. Formation of zona radiata and yolk granules in the third stage, and increasing thickness of this layer and yolk granules were observed from stage three to stage six. In male, gradual developments of the sperm cells were observed from stage one onward

The role of intergenerational family in family functions and cultural values in Aligudarz, Iran in 2022

Background: Based on diversified intergenerational living in urban Iran, this study was conducted to determine the role of intergenerational family in family functions and cultural values in Aligudarz. Methods: This study was analytical cross-sectional based on questionnaire. The population were included over 18 years of age in Aligudarz, 376 people were selected as a sample using Cochran sampling by simple random sampling method. Library and survey methods were used to collect data. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation tests were used to test the hypotheses. Results: Elderly people have better family functions than others (P=0.011) and adhere more to cultural values. Elderly people have more management in family crises with f value of 3.140 (p=0.019). The correlation coefficient between family cohesion and family functions is 0.152 with a direct correlation (P=0.003). As the level of family cohesion increases, family functions also increase. There is a direct correlation between kinship relations and family functions (P=0.777, -0.015). There is no relationship between the level of kinship and family functioning. Conclusion: It is possible to improve the current status given the level of adherence to cultural values, crisis management, and family cohesion, Kinship relationships among different generations, and the relationship between the variables of adherence to cultural values, crisis management and cohesion, and family functions

Length-Weight relationships of nine goatfish species (Teleostei: Mullidae) from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Goatfishes (Teleostei, Mullidae) are a group of mainly coastal fishes that form an important part of food chains, and also have commercial value. In addition, they are valuable fishes in ecosystem monitoring and management programs because they are sensitive to human-induced activities such as fisheries and habitat modification. Mathematical models of fish growth provide an objective and practical method for description of growth parameters and estimation of fish weight at different time series. This study presents and describes length-weight relationships for nine goatfish species belonging to three genera (Mulloidichthys, Parupeneus and Upeneus) collected from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. The estimated parameter "˜b' values ranged from The slope (b) of LWRs for all mullid species fell within the expected range of 2-4 varying from 2.370 for Parupeneus heptacanthus to 3.179 for Upeneus vittatus based on TL and from 2.391 for U. sundaicus to 3.804 for P. rubescens based on SL,and r2 values ranged from 0.927 for Upeneus tragula to 0.992 for U. pori. All the LWRs were highly significant, with p<0.005.