Reconstructing Lincoln Log Cabin: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Coles County

The symposium Reconstructing Lincoln Log Cabin: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Coles County traced the origins of Lincoln Log Cabin and the activities of the Civilian Conservation Corps in Coles County, Illinois. Students researched, designed, and implemented all phases of the symposium held at the Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site on Saturday, November 2011 from 9 a.m. to 12:00 noon. The Historical Administration Program at Eastern Illinois University and the Lincoln-Sargent Farm Foundation jointly sponsored the symposium. Selected students made formal power-point presentations and facilitated questions from the audience at the conclusion of their presentations. The students unearthed a wealth of new information and presented a layered interpretation of the site\u27s history and the CCC as a case study of national history localized. The presentations focused on the community groups and individuals involved in creating the site, the construction of buildings by the Civilian Conservation Corp in 1934-35, and ended with the public opening in August 1936

I Didn\u27t Mean To Make You Cry

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/1645/thumbnail.jp

The Police Won\u27t Let Mariucha Dance : Unless She Move Da Feet

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4990/thumbnail.jp

The alternative serotonin transporter promoter P2 impacts gene function in females with irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gut-brain disorder in which symptoms are shaped by serotonin acting centrally and peripherally. The serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 has been implicated in IBS pathophysiology, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. We sequenced the alternative P2 promoter driving intestinal SLC6A4 expression and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were associated with IBS in a discovery sample. Identified SNPs built different haplotypes, and the tagging SNP rs2020938 seems to associate with constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) in females. rs2020938 validation was performed in 1978 additional IBS patients and 6,038 controls from eight countries. Meta-analysis on data from 2,175 IBS patients and 6,128 controls confirmed the association with female IBS-C. Expression analyses revealed that the P2 promoter drives SLC6A4 expression primarily in the small intestine. Gene reporter assays showed a functional impact of SNPs in the P2 region. In silico analysis of the polymorphic promoter indicated differential expression regulation. Further follow-up revealed that the major allele of the tagging SNP rs2020938 correlates with differential SLC6A4 expression in the jejunum and with stool consistency, indicating functional relevance. Our data consolidate rs2020938 as a functional SNP associated with IBS-C risk in females, underlining the relevance of SLC6A4 in IBS pathogenesis

Clinical Associations of Immature Breathing in Preterm Infants. Part 1: Central Apnea

Background: Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is nearly universal among very preterm infants, but neither the apnea burden nor its clinical associations have been systematically studied in a large consecutive cohort. Methods: We analyzed continuous bedside monitor chest impedance and electrocardiographic waveforms and oxygen saturation data collected on all neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients \u3c35 wk gestation from 2009 to 2014 (n = 1,211; \u3e50 infant-years of data). Apneas, with bradycardia and desaturation (ABDs), defined as central apnea ≥10 s associated with both bradycardia \u3c100 bpm and oxygen desaturation \u3c80%, were identified using a validated automated algorithm. Results: Number and duration of apnea events decreased with increasing gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age (PMA). ABDs were more frequent in infants \u3c31 wk GA at birth but were not more frequent in those with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) after accounting for GA. In the day before diagnosis of late-onset septicemia and necrotizing enterocolitis, ABD events were increased in some infants. Many infants continued to experience short ABD events in the week prior to discharge home. Conclusion: Frequency of apnea events is a function of GA and PMA in infants born preterm, and increased apnea is associated with acute but not with chronic pathologic conditions

Clinical Associations with Immature Breathing in Preterm Infants. Part 2: Periodic Breathing

Background: Periodic breathing (PB) is a normal immature breathing pattern in neonates that, if extreme, may be associated with pathologic conditions. Methods: We used our automated PB detection system to analyze all bedside monitor chest impedance data on all infants \u3c 35 wk\u27 gestation in the University of Virginia Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from 2009-2014 (n = 1,211). Percent time spent in PB was calculated hourly ( \u3e 50 infant-years\u27 data). Extreme PB was identified as a 12-h period with PB \u3e 6 SDs above the mean for gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age and \u3e 10% time in PB. Results: PB increased with GA, with the highest amount in infants 30-33 wk\u27 GA at about 2 wk\u27 chronologic age. Extreme PB was identified in 76 infants and in 45% was temporally associated with clinical events including infection or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), immunizations, or caffeine discontinuation. In 8 out of 28 cases of septicemia and 10 out of 21 cases of NEC, there was a \u3e 2-fold increase in %PB over baseline on the day prior to diagnosis. Conclusion: Infants \u3c 35 wk GA spend, on average, \u3c 6% of the time in PB. An acute increase in PB may reflect illness or physiological stressors or may occur without any apparent clinical event

Quantification of Periodic Breathing in Premature Infants

Periodic breathing (PB), regular cycles of short apneic pauses and breaths, is common in newborn infants. To characterize normal and potentially pathologic PB, we used our automated apnea detection system and developed a novel method for quantifying PB. We identified a preterm infant who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and who, on review of her breathing pattern while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), had exaggerated PB. We analyzed the chest impedance signal for short apneic pauses and developed a wavelet transform method to identify repetitive 10-40 second cycles of apnea/breathing. Clinical validation was performed to distinguish PB from apnea clusters and determine the wavelet coefficient cutoff having optimum diagnostic utility. We applied this method to analyze the chest impedance signals throughout the entire NICU stays of all 70 infants born at 32 weeks\u27 gestation admitted over a two-and-a-half year period. This group includes an infant who died of SIDS and her twin. For infants of 32 weeks\u27 gestation, the fraction of time spent in PB peaks 7-14 d after birth at 6.5%. During that time the infant that died of SIDS spent 40% of each day in PB and her twin spent 15% of each day in PB. This wavelet transform method allows quantification of normal and potentially pathologic PB in NICU patients

Very Long Apnea Events in Preterm Infants

Apnea is nearly universal among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, and the associated bradycardia and desaturation may have detrimental consequences. We describe here very long ( \u3e 60 s) central apnea events (VLAs) with bradycardia and desaturation, discovered using a computerized detection system applied to our database of over 100 infant years of electronic signals. Eighty-six VLAs occurred in 29 out of 335 VLBW infants. Eighteen of the 29 infants had a clinical event or condition possibly related to the VLA. Most VLAs occurred while infants were on nasal continuous positive airway pressure, supplemental oxygen, and caffeine. Apnea alarms on the bedside monitor activated in 66% of events, on average 28 s after cessation of breathing. Bradycardia alarms activated late, on average 64 s after cessation of breathing. Before VLAs oxygen saturation was unusually high, and during VLAs oxygen saturation and heart rate fell unusually slowly. We give measures of the relative severity of VLAs and theoretical calculations that describe the rate of decrease of oxygen saturation. A clinical conclusion is that very long apnea (VLA) events with bradycardia and desaturation are not rare. Apnea alarms failed to activate for about one-third of VLAs. It appears that neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) personnel respond quickly to bradycardia alarms but not consistently to apnea alarms. We speculate that more reliable apnea detection systems would improve patient safety in the NICU. A physiological conclusion is that the slow decrease of oxygen saturation is consistent with a physiological model based on assumed high values of initial oxygen saturation

Symmetry constraints on phonon dispersion in graphene

Taking into account the constraints imposed by the lattice symmetry, we calculate the phonon dispersion for graphene with interactions between the first, second, and third nearest neighbors in the framework of the Born--von Karman model. Analytical expressions obtained for the dispersion of the out-of-plane (bending) modes give the nonzero sound velocity. The dispersion of four in-plane modes is determined by coupled equations. Values of the force constants are found in fitting with frequencies at critical points and with elastic constants measured on graphite.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Pathfinder first light: alignment, calibration, and commissioning of the LINC-NIRVANA ground-layer adaptive optics subsystem

We present descriptions of the alignment and calibration tests of the Pathfinder, which achieved first light during our 2013 commissioning campaign at the LBT. The full LINC-NIRVANA instrument is a Fizeau interferometric imager with fringe tracking and 2-layer natural guide star multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems on each eye of the LBT. The MCAO correction for each side is achieved using a ground layer wavefront sensor that drives the LBT adaptive secondary mirror and a mid-high layer wavefront sensor that drives a Xinetics 349 actuator DM conjugated to an altitude of 7.1 km. When the LINC-NIRVANA MCAO system is commissioned, it will be one of only two such systems on an 8-meter telescope and the only such system in the northern hemisphere. In order to mitigate risk, we take a modular approach to commissioning by decoupling and testing the LINC-NIRVANA subsystems individually. The Pathfinder is the ground-layer wavefront sensor for the DX eye of the LBT. It uses 12 pyramid wavefront sensors to optically co-add light from natural guide stars in order to make four pupil images that sense ground layer turbulence. Pathfinder is now the first LINC-NIRVANA subsystem to be fully integrated with the telescope and commissioned on sky. Our 2013 commissioning campaign consisted of 7 runs at the LBT with the tasks of assembly, integration and communication with the LBT telescope control system, alignment to the telescope optical axis, off-sky closed loop AO calibration, and finally closed loop on-sky AO. We present the programmatics of this campaign, along with the novel designs of our alignment scheme and our off-sky calibration test, which lead to the Pathfinder's first on-sky closed loop images