El recurso de protección y los derechos sociales: una deuda pendiente

El propósito de esta presentación es demostrar que la marginación de los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales (derechos de la segunda generación) del ámbito de acción del recurso de protección (RP), es errada, pues descansa sobre una verdad a medias, y arbitraria, ya que carece de un fundamento de razón, justicia o bien común que la justifique suficientemente. Por consiguiente, se concluye en la necesidad de modificar el artículo 20º de la Constitución vigente, con miras a asegurar su directa protección y terminar así, definitivamente, con la inconstitucional práctica de la “propietarización”, surgida del ingenio de nuestros abogados y mantenida por la tolerancia de los Tribunales, frente a la necesidad de llenar un vacío de nuestra institucionalidad que ya no puede mantenerse por más tiempo

A rare complication in a Covid-19 positive patient with sigmoid colon cancer-hemoperitoneum due to gallbladder necrosis following micro-thrombosis

Covid-19, also known as acute respiratory syndrome 2019-nCoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 2, and Wuhan pneumonia, is a viral respiratory disease caused by a SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The most serious complications of Covid-19 are due to the development of micro-thrombosis in various organs and systems as a result of the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 and 6) which initiate the activation of coagulation and the generation of thrombin. Several studies demonstrated the poor outcome of Covid-19-infected patients who underwent surgery, suggesting that surgery may accelerate and exacerbate Covid-19 progression. We report the case of an 81-year-old patient admitted as an emergency with Covid-19 pneumonia, hemoperitoneum, ischemic acute cholecystitis and obstructive sigmoid cancer. Cholecystectomy, pneumoperitoneal lavage, and Hartmann operation were performed under combined epidural-spinal anesthesia. This technique has some advantages compared to spinal and epidural techniques, such as: rapid onset of analgesia and the possibility of obtaining the desired sensory level, control of the anesthetic block, and ensuring postoperative analgesia. The unfavorable outcome of this case is due to the occurrence of the cytokine storm and coagulation disorders, with the change in the related biological constants, both from a biochemical and systemic point of view

Analysis of wave climate and evaluation of design wave height for the gulf of Trieste

Design wave height is an important parameter for evaluating forces on the coast and both onshore and offshore constructions. Extreme wave analysis was performed in order to evaluate the significant wave height for given return periods. Furthermore, the most probable distribution and range of spread parameter were defined for the Gulf of Trieste. All available data from buoys in the Gulf of Trieste and a ten-year set of results of the wave model WAM were obtained. A modified (corrected) data set of wave model results was used as input data for the extreme wave analysis. The calculated wave heights from the model underestimates measurements at the buoy. Therefore, it was necessary to modify the model results with correction factors, which are based on the wave climate. The model validation is based on structural relations between measured data on buoy Vida and the results of the wave model. In the thesis we describe the equations and procedures required for calculation of the significant wave height for a given return period. Moreover, the evaluation of the depth-limited maximum wave height is included. In addition, the thesis provides the wind and wave climate analysis for the Gulf of Trieste. The calculated return wave heights are the first estimates aimed for designers and construction contractors onshore and offshore in the Gulf of Trieste

The Principle of Consistent Interpretation: Interpretation of National Law in the Light of EU Law

Načelo lojalne razlage je na prvi pogled najmanj invaziven način učinkovanja prava EU v pravnih redih držav članic. Pravo EU se za razliko od neposrednega učinka pri lojalni razlagi ne uporablja neposredno, ampak je pravna podlaga nacionalno pravo, ki so ga državni organi dolžni razlagati v skladu z besedilom in namenom direktive. Toda obveznost lojalne razlage se ne nanaša le na sodišča, ampak na vse državne organe in na nacionalno pravo kot celoto ter nastopi s potekom roka za implementacijo direktive. Sicer jo najpogosteje povezujemo z direktivami, a obstaja tudi v zvezi z drugimi viri prava EU. Čeprav drži, da SEU lojalne razlage ne zahteva za vsako ceno, so organi držav članic dolžni izčrpati vse možnosti, ki jim jih daje nacionalno pravo, da bi sprejeli lojalno razlago. Gre torej za izjemno intenzivno obveznost, ki od držav članic zahteva veliko več, kot se morda sprva zdi. Mejo lojalni razlagi postavljajo predvsem splošna pravna načela EU: načelo pravne varnosti, načelo prepovedi retroaktivnosti, načelo zakonitosti v kazenskem pravu itd. SEU prepoveduje tudi razlago contra legem, a je ne opredeli. Tako kot nekateri drugi nejasni vidiki doktrine lojalne razlage je definicija contra legem interpretacije prepuščena državnim organom in se med državami članicami lahko razlikuje. V Sloveniji jo razumemo kot razlago, do katere se z uveljavljenimi interpretativnimi metodami ne da priti. Lojalna razlaga je pomembna predvsem zaradi zagotavljanja enotnejše uporabe prava EU in njegove učinkovitosti, še posebej nasproti posameznikom, kjer v skladu z doktrino Marshall I velja prepoved neposrednega učinka direktiv. SEU je tako prek lojalne razlage na prefinjen način razširilo domet direktiv na posameznike, ne da bi pri tem »dvignilo preveč prahu«.At first glance, the principle of consistent interpretation seems to be the least intrusive way of giving effect to EU law in legal orders of Member states. Unlike direct effect, consistent interpretation does not entail direct application of EU law. The legal basis is national law, which national authorities are bound to interpret in accordance with the wording and the purpose of the directive. However, the obligation of consistent interpretation does not relate only to courts, but applies to all national authorities and to the national law as a whole. It applies from the moment of expiry of the deadline for transposition of the directive. In general, it is most commonly linked with directives, but it exists in relation to other sources of EU law as well. Even though it is true that the CJEU does not demand the consistent interpretation at any cost, the Member states’ authorities are nevertheless bound to exhaust all possibilities under national law, in order to ensure a consistent interpretation. Therefore, it is an extremely intensive obligation, requiring much more from the Member States than it may seem on the surface. The principle of consistent interpretation is limited especially by general principles of EU law: the principle of legal certainty, the principle of prohibition of retroactivity, the principle of legality in criminal law etc. Furthermore, the CJEU prohibits the interpretation contra legem, but does not define it. Like some other vague aspects of the doctrine of consistent interpretation, the definition of the contra legem interpretation is left to the state authorities and may therefore vary among Member states. In Slovenia, it is understood as an interpretation which cannot be reached with the use of established methods of statutory construction. Consistent interpretation is particularly important for ensuring the uniform application of EU law and its efficiency, especially with respect to individuals, where direct effect of directives is prohibited according to the Marshall I doctrine. The CJEU has thus extended the scope of application of directives to individuals in a very refined manner and without causing too much of a stir

The mission of the church in the Romanian cultural space

Church life is part of the life of our people, who were born Christian; therefore, we cannot consider that what has been said about the Christianity of our great poet Mihai Eminescu, about his views of the ancestral Church, the oldest institution of this nation, is an exaggeration. But this institution that educated and cultivated the first generations of scholars could not but reflect in the entire Romanian literature. And that happened because literature, just like education, flourished within the Church as well, being supported, in the early days, by monastery deacons, by the servants of parishes, that is, by churches in the village

Status of Healthcare for b-Thalassemia Patients in the West Bank

Evaluation of thalassemia patients can be demanding because of the plentiful potential disease sequences and absence of available therapies other than transfusion and bone marrow (BM) transplantation, both of which have related morbidities and charges. This study aims to evaluate the hematological, biochemical, and the endocrine profiles of β-thalassemia patients and their correlation with iron overload, considering its related complications. This study involved 53 patients of β-thalassemia treated with blood transfusion and iron chelators. Data were collected retrospectively from registries in 2017 and 2018. The hematological and biochemical profiles included complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, fasting blood sugar, serum calcium, serum ferritin, and the endocrine profile for each patient. Among the diagnosed patients included in this study, 51% were males and 49% were females, with an average age of 21 years, ranging from 6 – 57 years. The mean of serum ferritin level during 2017 - 2018 was 2055 ng/dl and for hemoglobin 8.23 mg/dl. Regarding liver function tests, abnormal results for ALT and AST were encountered in 13.2% and 32.1% of cases, respectively. Moreover, serum creatinine, as an indicator for renal function, was found to be abnormally low in 79.2% of cases. Vitamin D3 deficiency was also observed in 35.8% of cases, and hypothyroidism was seen in 26.4% of cases. With regards to the treatment approaches, 84.9% of patients are blood transfusion dependent, and 69.8% of them rely on iron chelators. In this matter, splenectomy was carried out only for 17% of cases. Additionally, BM transplantation was done for 8% of patients even though it is the only available curative therapy. Our preliminary findings point to the urgent need for better management of thalassemia patients in the West Bank. These findings might be used to implement new follow-up and treatment policies

Spectroscopical and Electrochemical Characterisation of a (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane - Based Protective Coating on Aluminium Alloy 2024

Coatings based on organic-inorganic hybrids may effectively improve the resistance of metals/alloys against corrosion. In this work the protection ability of a coating based on (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) deposited on the well-known aluminium AA 2024 alloy is studied. The hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the initial sol and the structure of thermally treated protective MPTMS coatings is studied using infrared absorbance spectroscopy. In addition, the structure of coatings is investigated using infrared reflection-absorption (IR RA) spectroscopy. Several physical properties of prepared coatings such as contact angles, surface energy and thickness are reported. The corrosion protection ability of once, twice and three times deposited MPTMS coatings is studied using potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. Finally, possible morphological changes at different potentials of interest are investigated using in situ electrochemical AFM. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Clinical and biological factors with prognostic value in acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas, which can remain localized at the level of the gland or can extend to the peripancreatic and retroperitoneal tissues. The use and interpretation of paraclinical examinations at the onset can predict the form of evolution of acute pancreatitis (mild or severe). Depending on the evolution, these data are useful in determining the type of surgical intervention that might be necessary based on severity. We present a retrospective study consisting of 118 patients diagnosed and hospitalized with acute pancreatitis during 2016-2020 in the Surgery I section of the Sibiu County Emergency Clinical Hospital. Several parameters were taken into account at hospitalization such as age, sex, the environment of origin, etiology of pancreatitis, biochemical parameters with their repetition at 24, 72 hours, and at discharge, and clinical signs at hospitalization. surgeries performed depending on the severity of pancreatitis specifying their complications