(E)-2-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N-cyclohexylhydrazine- 1-carbothioamide

In the title compound, C 14 H 18 ClN 3 OS, the phenol ring is almost coplanar with the hydrazinecarbothioamide moiety, making a dihedral angle of 6.92 (8)°. The cyclohexane ring has a chair conformation and the conformation about the C=N bond is E . In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O and O—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R2² (14) ring motif flanked by two R2² (6) ring motifs. The dimers are linked by short Cl...Cl interactions, forming layers parallel to the ab plane

Ramadan fasting and sports performance: A Malaysian perspective

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that would affect Muslim athletes in their training or competition during the Ramadan fast. This would lead to a better understanding of the changes in lifestyle, behavioural and training practices of Muslim athletes when they participate in Ramadan fasting and exercise at the same time. A total of 172 Malaysian Muslim national elite athletes participated in a questionnaire survey assessing personal perception on sport performance, sleep pattern, food and fluid intake during Ramadan fasting. The results showed that a quarter of these athletes perceived that there was an adverse effect from the Ramadan fast on their sport performance. A majority of them (58.1%) said that Ramadan fasting did not affect their sleep pattern but 52.3% of them did take an extra nap during the daytime. Most of the athletes (45.9%) ate the same amount of calories as they normally would however 86.0 % believed that they drank more fluids than usual. The changes in lifestyle during the Ramadan fast did not adversely affect the perceived sport performance in this cohort of Muslim elite athletes. However, there is an equivocal opinion on the impact of Ramadan fasting on the quality of training

Mitigating flood risk in Malaysia through flood insurance: Exploring the feasibility of the United States and Japanese approaches

Floods have the potential to occur in any location and at any time due to sustained rainfall lasting for several days. In light of these situations, governments that are hesitant to assume these heightened risks may perceive a greater desirability in expanding the involvement of private insurance companies. Nevertheless, the inherent communal nature of these risks necessitates active government intervention to provide sufficient insurance coverage. While there have been considerable studies conducted on flood insurance, there is a noticeable dearth of studies that particularly examine the flood insurance structure in Malaysia. The efficacy of catastrophe recovery in developed nations is contingent upon the crucial functions fulfilled by insurance and government assistance. Nevertheless, it is less common for developing nations to engage in such practices. Hence, this study aims to analyze the flood insurance approaches employed in the United States and Japan. Additionally, the secondary objective involves assessing the current state of flood insurance practices in Malaysia and evaluating its feasibility in adopting flood insurance strategies similar to those implemented in the United States and Japan. This study adopts a library-based approach, and the expected outcome of this research is to propose recommendations for Malaysia to improve its flood insurance system. This investigation adds to the existing body of knowledge by offering fresh perspectives on the efficacy of flood insurance practices in the United States and Japan, and their applicability within the context of Malaysi

Combined effects of exercise and different levels of acute hypoxic severity: A randomized crossover study on glucose regulation in adults with overweight

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of manipulating hypoxic severity with low-intensity exercise on glucose regulation in healthy overweight adults.Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 14 males with overweight (age: 27 ± 5 years; body mass index (BMI) 27.1 ± 1.8 kg⋅m2) completed three exercise trials involving 60 min aerobic exercise cycling at 90% lactate threshold in normoxia (NM, FiO2 = 20.9%), moderate hypoxia (MH, FiO2 = 16.5%) and high hypoxia (HH, FiO2 = 14.8%). A post-exercise oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Venous blood samples were analyzed for incremental area under the curve (iAUC), plasma glucose and insulin, as well as exerkine concentrations (plasma apelin and fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF-21]) pre- and post-exercise. A 24-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to determine interstitial glucose concentrations. Heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2) and perceptual measures were recorded during exercise.Results: Post-exercise OGTT iAUC for plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lower in MH vs. control (p = 0.02). Post-exercise interstitial glucose iAUC, plasma apelin and FGF-21 were not different between conditions. Heart rate was higher in HH vs. NM and MH, and MH vs. NM (p < 0.001), while SpO2 was lower in HH vs. NM and MH, and MH vs. NM (p < 0.001). Overall perceived discomfort and leg discomfort were higher in HH vs. NM and MH (p < 0.05), while perceived breathing difficulty was higher in HH vs. NM only (p = 0.003).Conclusion: Compared to higher hypoxic conditions, performing acute aerobic-based exercise under moderate hypoxia provided a more effective stimulus for improving post-exercise glucose regulation while concomitantly preventing excessive physiological and perceptual stress in healthy overweight adults

Crystal structure of (E)-4-methoxy-2-{[(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)imino]methyl}phenol

The molecule of the title Schiff base compound, C14H14N2O2, displays an E conformation with respect the imine C=N double bond. The molecule is approximately planar, with the dihedral angle formed by the planes of the pyridine and benzene rings being 5.72 (6)°. There is an intramolecular hydrogen bond involving the phenolic H and imine N atoms

Endovascular embolisation in acute arterial haemorrhage cases and hypervascular lesions: a single institution experience

Introduction Endovascular embolisation had played a major role in the acute management of acute arterial haemorrhage. It had proven benefits in acute upper and lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage, massive haemoptysis, bleeding visceral pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. It also had played a major role in the preoperative embolisation of hypervascular lesions such as paraganglioma, meningioma, juvenile angiofibroma and other hypervascular lesions, with proven reduction in blood loss intraoperatively. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to evaluate our single institution experience in endovascular embolisation of acute arterial haemorrhage cases and preoperative embolisation of hypervascular lesions. Materials and Methods All cases which undergo endovascular embolisation from June 2009 until March 2011 were included in this series. Patient’s demography, preembolisation studies, embolisation studies and clinical followup post procedure were recorded. Results For a period of 22 months, there were a total of 10 cases of acute arterial haemorrhage and 4 cases of hypervascular lesions which undergo endovascular embolisation (n=14). The acute arterial haemorrhage cases ranging from lung lesions with haemoptysis, renal artery pseudoaneurysm, hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, left gastric artery pseudoaneurysm, renal artery arteriovenous malformation and gluteal arteriovenous malformation. The hypervascular lesions include carotid body paraganglioma, parapharyngeal tumour, renal cell carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma metastases. Various embolic materials were used ranging from glue, gelfoam, coils and PVA. All cases of acute arterial haemorrhage had cessation of haemorrhage immediately post embolisation. For preoperative embolisation of hypervascular lesions, all cases had marked reduction in the intraoperative blood loss. Conclusion In this limited series, endovascular embolisation had shown to be effective in controlling acute arterial haemorrhage and also reducing intraoperative blood loss in hypervascular lesions

Development of drift conversion algorithm for ISFET based pH sensor for continuous measurement system

In an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) sensor, the ions within the sample media undergo multiple environments influenced reactions occurring molecules from these reactions to accumulate upon the gate oxide layer. The change in charge affects the conductance in the ISFET channels; consequently, the changes of conductance within the source and the drain will produce an electrical signal. The most common problem is drift happens when the electrical signal output gradually changes independent of the measured sample. The primary goal of this study is to investigate a reliable artificial neural network model to classify and predict the error of low-pressure chemical vapour deposition SixNy ISFET pH sensor and implement the drift compensation. Such models could be later used to encounter the drift problems that usually exist in chemical sensors. Three units of ISFET sensors were used to calibrate with three types of pH buffer solutions viz. pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10. Artificial neural networks were applied to construct black-box multiple-input multiple-output models of the ISFET data where the percentage accuracy value was used to assess the model’s performances in classifying while the mean squared error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) parameter used in determining the best models in predicting the error in the ISFET sensors. Concerning the model structure in classification, Pattern Recognition Neural Network (PATTERNNET) proved to perform better than Function Fitting (FITNET) networks with 100% accuracy. The network configuration in PATTERNNET, a dual-layered network with 30 nodes on the first hidden layer and 3 nodes on the second hidden layer achieved the best results. As for the prediction, the NARX-BR model with 75 delays produce an efficient model in predicting the error of ISFET data set. The value of MSE = 4.8814e-5 and R2 = 0.99930 for the NARX-BR model revealed that the model capable in predicting the error. The drift compensation applied and the drift issues in the ISFET sensors has successfully solved. As a result, this study demonstrates great potential in developing artificial neural networks to stave off the drift issues in ISFET low-pressure chemical vapour deposition SixNy ISFET pH sensor

Image1_Combined effects of exercise and different levels of acute hypoxic severity: A randomized crossover study on glucose regulation in adults with overweight.JPEG

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of manipulating hypoxic severity with low-intensity exercise on glucose regulation in healthy overweight adults.Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 14 males with overweight (age: 27 ± 5 years; body mass index (BMI) 27.1 ± 1.8 kg⋅m2) completed three exercise trials involving 60 min aerobic exercise cycling at 90% lactate threshold in normoxia (NM, FiO2 = 20.9%), moderate hypoxia (MH, FiO2 = 16.5%) and high hypoxia (HH, FiO2 = 14.8%). A post-exercise oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Venous blood samples were analyzed for incremental area under the curve (iAUC), plasma glucose and insulin, as well as exerkine concentrations (plasma apelin and fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF-21]) pre- and post-exercise. A 24-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to determine interstitial glucose concentrations. Heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2) and perceptual measures were recorded during exercise.Results: Post-exercise OGTT iAUC for plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lower in MH vs. control (p = 0.02). Post-exercise interstitial glucose iAUC, plasma apelin and FGF-21 were not different between conditions. Heart rate was higher in HH vs. NM and MH, and MH vs. NM (p 2 was lower in HH vs. NM and MH, and MH vs. NM (p Conclusion: Compared to higher hypoxic conditions, performing acute aerobic-based exercise under moderate hypoxia provided a more effective stimulus for improving post-exercise glucose regulation while concomitantly preventing excessive physiological and perceptual stress in healthy overweight adults.</p