Evaluation of End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling in India: A Techno-Socio-Economic Analysis

In light of the rapidly advancing Indian automotive sector, the issue of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) hasemerged as a matter of significant concern. Particularly critical aspects encompass recycling procedures,environmental impacts, and social implications. With the inevitable proliferation of ELVs anticipated in the nextdecade, the imperative for effective and sustainable ELV management becomes paramount, necessitating acomprehensive analysis of India's burgeoning ELV recycling landscape. The present study endeavors to scrutinizeIndia's ELV recycling system from technological, social, and economic perspectives, constituting a preliminarystep toward a judicious evaluation of sustainability in ELV recycling and performing a SWOT (strengths,weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis to appraise India's ELV recycling framework comprehensively.Furthermore, the ensuing recommendations shall furnish invaluable insights for the development andimplementation of forthcoming regulatory and legal frameworks that adequately incorporate the economic, social,environmental, and technological aspects of ELV recycling in India. To accomplish this endeavor, the study hasdiligently conducted in-depth interviews with pertinent stakeholders, undertaken rigorous field investigations, andadministered comprehensive surveys. Additionally, an exhaustive examination of the existing literature has beenundertaken to probe the current ELV recycling system, address lingering challenges, and proffer recommendationsto elevate the ELV recycling infrastructure. The outcomes of this study may assist in developing deepercomprehension of India's ELV recycling system while furnishing pragmatic recommendations to fortify itsefficacy. &nbsp

Evaluation of End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling in India: A Techno-Socio-Economic Analysis

In light of the rapidly advancing Indian automotive sector, the issue of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) hasemerged as a matter of significant concern. Particularly critical aspects encompass recycling procedures,environmental impacts, and social implications. With the inevitable proliferation of ELVs anticipated in the nextdecade, the imperative for effective and sustainable ELV management becomes paramount, necessitating acomprehensive analysis of India's burgeoning ELV recycling landscape. The present study endeavors to scrutinizeIndia's ELV recycling system from technological, social, and economic perspectives, constituting a preliminarystep toward a judicious evaluation of sustainability in ELV recycling and performing a SWOT (strengths,weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis to appraise India's ELV recycling framework comprehensively.Furthermore, the ensuing recommendations shall furnish invaluable insights for the development andimplementation of forthcoming regulatory and legal frameworks that adequately incorporate the economic, social,environmental, and technological aspects of ELV recycling in India. To accomplish this endeavor, the study hasdiligently conducted in-depth interviews with pertinent stakeholders, undertaken rigorous field investigations, andadministered comprehensive surveys. Additionally, an exhaustive examination of the existing literature has beenundertaken to probe the current ELV recycling system, address lingering challenges, and proffer recommendationsto elevate the ELV recycling infrastructure. The outcomes of this study may assist in developing deepercomprehension of India's ELV recycling system while furnishing pragmatic recommendations to fortify itsefficacy. &nbsp

Effect of Vaned Diffuser on the Performance of Small Turbocharger

This work presents an experimental investigation of performance of small turbocharger compressor with vaned diffuser. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of number vaned diffuser on peak pressure ratio in turbocharger. The study was carried out using cold-flow turbocharger test rig driven by compressed air with the impeller rotational speed from 40,000 to 70,000 rpm. Tests were conducted with 6, 8 and 10 number of vanes while maintaining the vane blades angle of 6°, turning angle of 30° and blade length of 21.8 mm. The vanes as a flow deflector were designed as a thin flat plate of 1 mm thickness. All the results were compared with original vaneless diffuser of the compressor. The results found that the proposed design of 6 and 8 vanes shifted the peak pressure ratio toward low mass flow rate region. It was observed that modification from conventional vaneless diffuser compressor to the one equipped with vaned diffuser has significant improvement on the overall pressure ratio of the turbocharger

Road user’s perceptions towards motorcycle safety with regards to conspicuity in Malaysia Road Traffic

Motorcycles are the top contributor in road crashes in Malaysia with more than 60% of fatal road crashes involved motorcyclists. Conspicuity issue has been one of the major factors of motorcycle crashes especially when travelling at night in rural road areas. Nevertheless, conspicuity issues also contribute to motorcycle crashes in urban road areas where road and vehicle lightings affect the alertness of other road users towards motorcycle presence in the traffic. This study aims to assess road users’ perception of motorcycle safety levels in terms of its conspicuity, at different riding or driving situations at night in the rural and urban areas. A set of questionnaires was developed with experts’ validation, pilot-tested for its reliability and distributed to road users who commute between Klang Valley and Melaka areas. Preliminary analysis from 78 collected data shows that respondents were able to observe better and be more alert of motorcycle presence in road situations when driving in the urban areas compared to the rural areas. Over 80% believe that wearing bright-coloured attires and helmet can enhance motorcycle’s conspicuity and alertness towards other road users. In addition, more than 80% of the respondents agreed that using reflective tapes on the side body of a motorcycle can improve motorcycle visibility, especially at road junctions. These findings could be used as a future initiative by responsible parties in order to reduce motorcycle conspicuity related crashes in Malaysia

Effect of vaned diffuser on the performance of small turbocharger / Hilmi Amiruddin...[et al.]

This work presents an experimental investigation of performance of small turbocharger compressor with vaned diffuser. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of number vaned diffuser on peak pressure ratio in turbocharger. The study was carried out using cold-flow turbocharger test rig driven by compressed air with the impeller rotational speed from 40,000 to 70,000 rpm. Tests were conducted with 6, 8 and 10 number of vanes while maintaining the vane blades angle of 6°, turning angle of 30° and blade length of 21.8 mm. The vanes as a flow deflector were designed as a thin flat plate of 1 mm thickness. All the results were compared with original vaneless diffuser of the compressor. The results found that the proposed design of 6 and 8 vanes shifted the peak pressure ratio toward low mass flow rate region. It was observed that modification from conventional vaneless diffuser compressor to the one equipped with vaned diffuser has significant improvement on the overall pressure ratio of the turbocharger

Reactivity controlled compression ignition engine: a review

Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) is an efficient dual-fuel engine combustion technology that can offer low emission level in internal combustion engine technology. RCCI technology works by generating reactivity stratification in the cylinder with two fuels of different cetane numbers. To accomplish reactivity stratification, the fuel with lower reactivity is premixed with air before charging into the combustion chamber. The fuel with higher reactivity is injected subsequently using a direct injector. By properly manipulating the fuel ratio and the injection timing, one is able to regulate the combustion phasing and lessen the rates of pressure rise and heat release thanks to the reactivity gradient. Meanwhile, factors such as compression ratio (CR) and piston bowl geometry could influence the characteristics of RCCI. Evaporation, mixing, and combustion processes are dependent on the fuel type. In this paper, recent progress to improve the combustion processes with several aspects of changing of RCCI engine parameter are reviewed, such as management strategy, compression ratio, EGR rate, and bowl geometry

Analysing dimensions and indicators to design energy education framework in Malaysia using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

In order to progress towards a more sustainable energy future, Malaysia should reduce its reliance on fossil-based energy sources and shifting to green and renewable energy. Therefore, focus on energy education awareness programmes emphasising sustainable behaviours and frameworks are required. These programmes connect with Sustainable Development Goal 7 of the United Nations, which is to provide affordable and clean energy. In this study, dimensions and indicators of a framework for energy education were studied and evaluated in an effort to improve decision making. This study systematic approach comprised a review of relevant literature and consultation with an ad hoc panel of energy education experts via surveys, interviews, and questionnaires. This study also included an analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the framework’s criteria selection, alternative indicators, and priority or weights. The results indicated that the “Aim to minimise climate change” dimension is deemed the most essential criterion for selecting energy education dimension criteria. On the other hand, “National policy makers” is the most essential stakeholder across all parties. It has been determined that the use of analytic hierarchy process to the design of the framework for energy education in Malaysia could help simplifies a systematic decision-making process

アルゴン循環型水素エンジン条件における水素噴流の燃焼過程に関する研究

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(エネルギー科学)甲第17690号エネ博第274号新制||エネ||57(附属図書館)30456京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー変換科学専攻(主査)教授 塩路 昌宏, 教授 石山 拓二, 教授 馬渕 守学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Willingness to purchase safer vehicles: a study base on Malaysia B40 income group

Passenger car is one of the most preferable modes of transportation used in Malaysia. It is very important to keep safety features as suggested by ASEAN NCAP in a vehicle that we used in order to avoid and minimize the accident occurrence. However, new vehicle with advanced safety features is more expensive, where there are certain people that cannot afford to buy an expensive car such as B40 consumers (bottom 40% which household income is under RM3,860.00). According to the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the lower income group consumer will put the physiological need first rather than safety needs. As they cannot afford to buy a new car with extra safety features, they bought and old vehicle which currently has less safety features but with cost of maintenance were rather high. In this study – with regard to owning vehicles, specifically cars – the willingness to buy safer vehicle among lower group based on economic strength will be analyze

Combustion characteristics of hydrogen direct injection in a helium–oxygen compression ignition engine

The ignition of hydrogen in compression ignition (CI) engines by adding noble gas as a working gas can yield excellent thermal efficiency due to its high specific heat ratio. This paper emphasizes the potential of helium–oxygen atmosphere for hydrogen combustion in CI engines and provides data on the engine configuration. A simulation was conducted using Converge CFD software based on the Yanmar NF19SK engine parameters. Helium–oxygen atmosphere compression show promising hydrogen autoignition results with the in-cylinder temperature was significantly higher than that of air during the compression stroke. In a compression ignition engine with a low compression ratio (CR) and intake temperature, helium–oxygen atmosphere is recognized as the best working gas for hydrogen combustion. The ambient intake temperature was sufficient for hydrogen ignition in low CR with minimal heat flux effect. The best intake temperature for optimum engine efficiency in a low CR engine is 340 K and the engine compression ratio for optimum engine efficiency at ambient intake temperature is CR12 with an acceptable cylinder wall heat flux value. The helium–oxygen atmosphere as a working gas for hydrogen combustion in CI engines should be consider based on the parameter provided for clean energy transition with higher thermal efficiency