Propiedades físico-químicas de mezclas de oleina de palma con otros aceites vegetales

Palm oil (olein) was blended with other edible oils for the enhancement of its market acceptability in terms of melting point depression and shelf life. The physico-chemical properties like viscosity, density, melting behavior, peroxide value (PV), saponification value (SV) and iodine value (IV) of four different binary blends with four vegetable oils were evaluated. Palm olein was found to be more stable against rancidity than the other oils. For the stability against oxidation and melting point depression the palm olein-canola (PO/CO) blend was found to be better than the others. The Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) thermogram of the melting behavior of the blends traces some new polymorphs of the triglyceride. This study will help the oil producing industry to find out the most economically viable oil blends for cooking purposes, with maximum nutrition as well as desirable physico-chemical properties.Aceite de palma (oleína) fue mezclada con otros aceites comestibles para aumentar su aceptabilidad en el mercado en términos de descenso del punto de fusión y mejora de su almacenamiento. Las propiedades físico-químicas tales como viscosidad, densidad, comportamiento en la fusión, valor de peróxidos (PV), valor de saponificación (SV) e índice de yodo (IV) de cuatro diferentes mezclas binarias con cuatro aceites vegetales fueron evaluadas. La oleína de palma fue más estable frente a la rancidez que otros aceites. En la estabilidad frente la oxidación y el descenso del punto de fusión, la mezcla de oleína de palma/canola (PO/CO) fue mejor que las otras. Los termogramas del calorímetro diferencial de barrido (DSC) referidos al comportamiento de fusión de las mezclas indican algunos nuevos polimorfismos de los triglicéridos. Este estudio podría ayudar a las empresas que elaboran aceites a encontrar los aceites económicamente más viables para cocinar, con buenas propiedades nutricionales, así como con unas propiedades físico-químicas deseables

Potential of Jatropha curcas L. as biodiesel feedstock in Malaysia: a concise review

Fluctuation in fossil fuel prices and the increasing awareness of environmental degradation have prompted the search for alternatives from renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is the most efficient alternative to fossil fuel substitution because it can be properly modified for current diesel engines. It is a vegetable oil-based fuel with similar properties to petroleum diesel. Generally, biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and highly efficient alternative for fossil fuel substitution. In Malaysia, oil palm is considered as the most valuable commodity crop and gives a high economic return to the country. However, the ethical challenge of food or fuel makes palm oil not an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, attention is shifted to non-edible feedstock like Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (Jatropha curcas L.). It is an inedible oil-bearing crop that can be processed into biodiesel. It has a high-seed yield that could be continually produced for up to 50 years. Furthermore, its utilization will have zero impact on food sources since the oil is poisonous for human and animal consumption. However, Jatropha biodiesel is still in its preliminary phase compared to palm oil-based biodiesel in Malaysia due to a lack of research and development. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the potential of Jatropha curcas as an eco-friendly biodiesel feedstock to promote socio-economic development and meet significantly growing energy demands even though the challenges for its implementation as a national biodiesel program might be longer

Energy futures price bubbles and asset co-movements with crude palm oil futures: through the lenses of geopolitical events and speculation

The important role played by energy markets has concerned investors regarding the market’s behaviour and interconnections when seeking asset diversification strategies, which has become critical in financial analysis. This study aimed to identify price bubbles in energy futures markets and asset co-movements with the crude palm oil futures market (FCPO). This study utilised five futures indices from January 2, 2001, to October 30, 2020. Three methods were employed to explain the behaviour of the energy futures markets: The Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) test, the wavelet power spectrum technique and the wavelet coherence method. The findings from the GSADF test revealed that all energy future markets indicated the presence of asset bubbles, which were influenced by geopolitical events and speculation. The study also demonstrated the presence of periods of high volatility across multiple horizons, which occasionally occurred around the same period as explosive price behaviour. The results of the wavelet coherence method showed that the FCPO market had high co-movement with the Brent crude oil (BRENT) and heating oil (HOIL) markets and, to a lesser extent, with the natural gas (NGAS) and light sweet crude oil (WTI) markets. By linking the GSADF and wavelet approaches, the present study showed how energy price bubbles, their volatility, and co-movements with the FCPO market were related in the presence of geopolitical events and speculation. The present study's findings have suggested strategies regulators and investors can use to manage investment risk and portfolio diversification

Persepsi Guru Terhadap Kualiti Perkhidmatan Makanan Di Kantin Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Kangkar Pulai, Johor

Kajian ini merupakan satu tinjauan untuk mengenalpasti persepsi guru terhadap kualiti perkhidmatan makanan di kantin Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Kangkar Pulai, Johor. Instrumen kajian adalah berbentuk soal selidik. Seramai 32 orang guru SRK Kangkar Pulai telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian. Kajian dijalankan dengan mengedarkan satu set soal selidik kepada setiap responden. Data telah dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan program Statistical Package For Social Sciences(SPSS) 13.0 For Window yang menjurus kepada kekerapan, peratusan dan nilai min. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa persepsi responden dari aspek kebersihan makanan, kepelbagaian jenis makanan, penyediaan makanan dan amalan pengendali kantin adalah tinggi. Walau bagaimanapun, menurut persepsi guru, pengendali kantin kurang mengamalkan amalan kebersihan ketika mengendalikan makanan. Selain itu, di kantin sekolah tidak terdapat kepelbagaian menu. Justeru itu, kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi mencadangkan dan membantu pihak-pihak yang bertanggungjawab dalam meningkatkan kualiti perkhidmatan makanan di Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Kangkar Pulai, Johor

Corrosion behavior of mild steel and SS 304L in presence of dissolved nickel under aerated and deaerated conditions

In dual purpose water/power co-generation plants, the presence of high concentration of Cu and Ni in the re-circulating brine/condensate as a result of condenser tubes corrosion has been attributed as one of the several causes of corrosion damage of flash chamber materials and water touched parts of the boilers. The present investigation deals with the effect of dissolved nickel in the concentration range of 10 ppb to 100 ppm on the corrosion behavior of mild steel and SS 304L in two aqueous medium namely, distilled water and artificial seawater. The effect of pH, dissolved oxygen and flow condition of aqueous medium on the corrosion behavior was also monitored. The experimental techniques include immersion test and electrochemical tests which include free corrosion potential measurements and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The corrosion rate of mild steel and SS 304L under different experimental conditions was determined by weight loss method and spectrophotometric determination of iron ion entered into the test solution during the period of immersion. The pH of the test solution was also monitored during the entire period of immersion. The left over nickel ions present in the test solution after completion of immersion was also estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The surface morphology of the corroded steel surface was also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the studies show that SS 304L largely remains unaffected in both distilled water and artificial seawater under different experimental conditions. However, the effect of nickel on the corrosion behavior of mild steel is quite pronounced and follows interesting trends

Zinc oxide-graphitic carbon nitride nanohybrid as an efficient electrochemical sensor and photocatalyst

In this study, zinc oxide-graphitic carbon nitride (ZnO-CN) nanohybrid has been synthesized via a facile in-situ one pot solid-state thermal decomposition method, here [Zn(hmp-H)(2)(H2O)(mu-Cl)Zn(mu-Cl)(Cl)(3)] was used as single-source molecular precursor (SSMP) for ZnO and urea was taken as a source for graphitic carbon nitride (CN). Synthesized ZnO-CN nanohybrid was used as a modifier towards the fabrication of a binder free glassy carbon electrode surface (ZnO-CN/GCE) for detection of -NO2 containing aromatic compounds. The developed sensor shows the remarkable sensitive lower detection limit responses of 100 nM, 110 nM, 202 nM towards the 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT); 2,4-dinitrotuluene (2,4-DNT); 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (2,4,6-TNP), respectively. Further, a superior and rapid photo-catalytic degradation of Chicago Sky Blue (CSB), Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) was also achieved by employing ZnO-CN as a photo-catalyst with the percentage degradation of similar to 85-99.6%. The alluring performance of the ZnO-CN nanohybrid towards the sensing of -NO2 containing aromatics and degradation of organic pollutants was ascribed to high surface area of as synthesized nanohybrid and heterojunction formed between the interfaces of ZnO and graphitic carbon nitride. These properties may facilitate the electron transfer process due to the higher electron conductivity and the separation of photo-induced electron-hole pairs

Thermal Effect on the Physico-chemical Properties of Blends of Palm Olein with other Vegetable Oils

Palm olein was blended with other edible oils for the enhancement of oxidative stability of other high unsaturated oils. The effect of deep frying of fish on the physico-chemical properties of three different binary blends with four vegetable oils was evaluated. The physico-chemical parameters like, melting and crystallization, free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and iodine value (IV), fatty acids profile were analyzed. Blends, before and after frying, were characterized using FTIR. Palm olein was found to be more stable against rancidity than other oils. Stability against oxidation and melting point depression palm olein: canola oil blend (PO: CO) was found better than others. Palm olein: sunflower oil (PO: SF) blends shows higher unsaturation after frying while palm olein: soybean blends (PO: SO) was found to have higher free fatty acids. This study will help to understand the changes in the quality parameters of vegetable oil blends and to provide better processed food for the consumers