Development of layout design and improvement of the working flow at Erul Food Industries

Erul Food Industries known as Salaiport Industry is a family-owned company and was established on July 2017. Salaiport Industry apparently moved to a new place at Pedas, Negeri Sembilan. Previously, Salaiport Industry operated in-house located at Pagoh, Johor. This small company major business is producing frozen smoked beef, smoked quail, smoke catfish and smoked duck. The main frozen product is smoked beef. The frozen smoked meat produced by Salaiport Industry is depending on customer demands. Usually the company produce 40 kg to 60 kg a day and operated between for four days until five days. Therefore, the company produce approximately around 80 kg to 120 kg per week. The company usually take 2 days for 1 complete cycle for the production as the first day the company will only receive the meat from the supplier and freeze the meat for use of tomorrow

Penghasilan selulosa bakteria yang ekonomik daripada air kelapa tua

Selulosa bakteria (SB) adalah biopolimer unik yang dihasilkan secara semula jadi oleh bakteria dan telah digunakan dalam pelbagai jenis industri. Berbanding selulosa tumbuhan, SB mempunyai struktur yang lebih tulen. Penghasilan SB pada skala yang besar khususnya bagi tujuan perindustrian memerlukan penelitian bagi setiap proses dan kos operasi. Penggunaan air kelapa tua yang merupakan sisa buangan domestik sebagai media fermentasi di dalam penghasilan selulosa bakteria merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah pencemaran disebabkan oleh pembuangan larutan ini malah ia mampu mengurangkan kos fermentasi. Keadaan optimum proses fermentasi ditentukan melalui kaedah sambutan permukaan (RSM) dengan memanipulasi suhu, bacaan pH dan tempoh fermentasi. Sebanyak tiga perbandingan dengan kajian terdahulu telah dilakukan melalui simulasi loji pemprosesan SB menggunakan perisian SuperoPro Designer. Keputusan menunjukkan reka bentuk daripada kajian ini memerlukan kos operasi yang paling murah berbanding alternatif lain iaitu sebanyak RM261/ kelompok dan ini menjadikannya reka bentuk loji pemprosesan yang ekonomik dan berpotensi untuk diaplikasi

Bacterial cellulose as a potential hard gelatin capsule

Matured coconut water is considered as an industrial waste where about 5.3m3 of this solution was discarded everyday especially in the coconut processing industry. An improper disposal process can cause environmental pollution especially to nearest river of processing industry. Despite all the advantages of bacterial cellulose (BC) over plant cellulose, its production is relatively expensive process primarily due to the low productivity and expensive culture medium. Thus, coconut water can be used as a medium for fermentation bacterial cellulose and the production cost can be reduced up to 50 to 60%. Acetobacter xylinum 0416 is often used in industry because they can be produced large quantity of BC. There are many applications of BC in industries such as in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, textiles and etc. However, this study only focuses on the characteristics of hard gelatin capsule (pharmaceutical industry) and BC. This is because, in market there are about 80-90% hard gelatin capsule are non-halal and this situation cause very high demand of halal hard gelatin capsule especially in Islamic countries. This study focus on determination of optimum condition for BC production by manipulation of variable with a certain pH range which is (4-6), the incubator temperature (28-32°C), and time of fermentation (3-7 days). Comparison of BC and hard gelatin capsule properties were made through FESEM, XRD and FTIR analysis. Study found that optimum BC was obtained about 2.28 g/L at 32°C, in pH4 for 7 days fermentation period

Characterization of the first mitogenomes of the smallest fish in the world, paedocypris progenetica, from peat swamp of Peninsular Malaysia, Selangor, and Perak

The two complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest fish in the world which belonged to the Cyprinidae family, were sequenced and assembled. The circular DNA molecules of mitogenomes P1-P. progenetica and S3-P. pro-genetica were 16,827 and 16,616 bp in length, respectively, and encoded 13 protein-cod-ing genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. The gene arrangements of P. progenetica were identical to those of other Paedocypris species. BLAST and phylogenetic analyses revealed variations in the mitogenome sequences of two Paedocypris species from Perak and Selangor. The circular DNA molecule of P. progenetica yield a standard vertebrate gene arrangement and an overall nucleotide composition of A 33.0%, T 27.2%, C 23.5%, and G 15.5%. The overall AT content of this species was consis-tent with that of other species in other genera. The negative GC-skew and positive AT-skew of the control region in P. progenetica indicated rich genetic variability and AT nucleotide bias, respectively. The results of this study provide genomic variation information and enhance the understanding of the mitogenome of P. progenetica. They could later deliver highly valuable new insight into data for phylogenetic analysis and population genetics

Species Identification and Relationship of Sea Cucumber species from Pulau Tinggi and Sedili Kechil, Johor Based on Ossicle Shape

Sea cucumbers are an abundant echinoderm group in Malaysia which provides commercial and medicinal values to local people. Due to the lack of data on sea cucumbers status in Johor coastal seawaters, this study was conducted. This study aimed to identify the species and relationship of sea cucumber from two selected Johor coastal seawater; Pulau Tinggi and Sedili Kechil based on ossicle shape. The current study recorded 53 individuals of sea cucumbers, of which 23 individuals were from Pulau Tinggi, Mersing District and 30 individuals were from Sedili Kechil, Kota Tinggi District. A number of 10 species of sea cucumber were found in the coastal waters of Pulau Tinggi, Mersing and three species in Sedili Kechil, Kota Tinggi, Johor. A total of 10 ossicle shapes were observed and extracted from the sea cucumber samples namely button, perforated plate, table, C-shaped rod, rosette, anchor, spider, I-shaped rod, boomerang, and J-shaped rod. The species relationship based on ossicle shapes was analysed using clustering option of PAST (PAleontological STatistics) software version 4.03. The analysis concluded that two groups of sea cucumber families i.e. Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae were present, although S. chloronotus clustered closer with the members of family Holothuriidae.. Although more specimens are required to generate better conclusive results, the outcomes provided updated data on sea cucumber species in Johor seawater

Species identification and relationship of sea cucumber species from Pulau Tinggi and Sedili Kechil, Johor based on ossicle shape

Sea cucumbers are an abundant echinoderm group in Malaysia which provides commercial and medicinal values to local people. Due to the lack of data on sea cucumbers status in Johor coastal seawaters, this study was conducted. This study aimed to identify the species and relationship of sea cucumber from two selected Johor coastal seawater; Pulau Tinggi and Sedili Kechil based on ossicle shape. The current study recorded 53 individuals of sea cucumbers, of which 23 individuals were from Pulau Tinggi, Mersing District and 30 individuals were from Sedili Kechil, Kota Tinggi District. A number of 10 species of sea cucumber were found in the coastal waters of Pulau Tinggi, Mersing and three species in Sedili Kechil, Kota Tinggi, Johor. A total of 10 ossicle shapes were observed and extracted from the sea cucumber samples namely button, perforated plate, table, C-shaped rod, rosette, anchor, spider, I-shaped rod, boomerang, and J-shaped rod. The species relationship based on ossicle shapes was analysed using clustering option of PAST (PAleontological STatistics) software version 4.03. The analysis concluded that two groups of sea cucumber families i.e. Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae were present, although S. chloronotus clustered closer with the members of family Holothuriidae.. Although more specimens are required to generate better conclusive results, the outcomes provided updated data on sea cucumber species in Johor seawater