COPING TRENDS OF PARENTS HAVING CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Having to take care of children with developmental disabilities can affect parents not only in their psychological well-being but also affect physical well-being. Taking care of a child with special needs can be a growing experience or it can become stressful depending on how a parent perceives the event. Depending on the cognitive appraisal and the person-environment interaction, parents can either engage in positive behaviours of dealing with the disability or indulge in poor coping behaviour which will have adverse impact physically as well as psychologically. The present article attempts to highlight the various ways of coping used by parents to deal with their children’s disabilities. Review of research papers suggests some clear differences between affected parents and non-affected parents on use of different types of coping strategies along with various moderating factors like education, income, social support available, socio-economic conditions, and type of coping used. There were also findings on how mothers differ from the fathers in their coping behaviours when dealing with disabilities.  Article visualizations

Assessing efficiency of private shrimp seed producers in selected hatcheries of Peninsular Malaysia

This study aims at estimating technical, allocative and cost efficiency of shrimp/prawn seed producers of Malaysia and determining costs and return in shrimp/prawn seed production. Data collected from 19 hatcheries (comprising 10 brackishwater shrimp hatcheries and 9 freshwater prawn hatcheries) from the states of Penang, Perak, Terengganu and Selangor were used in the study. Data Envelopment Analysis was applied to estimate efficiency scores of the hatcheries. Besides, cost, return and profitability of hatcheries was examined using farm management procedure. The TECRS (overall technical efficiency) was found to be 0.582 for brackishwater shrimp hatcheries and 0.692 for freshwater prawn hatcheries. Pure technical efficiency (TEVRS) averaged 0.907 for shrimp hatcheries and 0.918 for prawn hatcheries indicating that inefficiencies to the level of 9-10 percent do exist. Allocative efficiency (AE) and cost efficiencies (CE) were 0.78 and 0.70 for brackishwater shrimp hatchery and 0.79 and 0.73 for freshwater prawn hatcheries suggesting that the realized level of spawn/fry could be produced by the hatcheries by spending 21-22 percent less on inputs

Optimizing plant spacing for modern rice varieties

The experiment was performed under sub-tropical condition (24.75 N and 90.50 E) during the period of December 2011 to May 2012 to evaluate the effect of spacing on assimilate availability, yield attributes and yield of modern rice varieties. Four modern rice cultivars BINAdhan5, BINAdhan6, Iratom and BRRIdhan29 were sown with three spacing viz., 20 cm×20 cm, 20 cm×15 cm and 20 cm×10 cm. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four replicates. Wider spacing of 20 cm×20 cm had shown superior performance in respect of all morpho-physiological and yield components, which resulted in the highest grain yield (8.53 t ha-1). In contrast, closer spacing of 20 cm×10 cm showed inferior performance in respect of above studied parameters and produced the lowest grain yield (6.47 t ha-1). Among the cultivars, BRRdhan29 and BINAdhan6 performed the best regarding yield attributes and produced the highest grain yields (7.53 and 7.72 t ha-1, respectively). The spacing of 20 cm×20 cm may be recommended for cultivation of high yielding modern rice instead of recommended spacing of 20 cm×15 cm after few more trials in farmers' field

Salinity stress effect on ion uptake and yield attributes in rice

The pot experiment was conducted under tropical condition (102012' N latitude and 101042' E longitudes) to evaluate salinity tolerance level of three rice cultivars viz., MR219, Binashail and IR20 during November 2012 to March 2013. Salinity levels were 0.34 (control), 4.2 and 8.8 dS/m. Salinity stress was evaluated in terms of ion uptake in plant straw (leaves & stems) and yield attributes. Sodium ion increased with increasing salinity levels whereas reverse trend was observed in potassium and calcium ions content in straw. However, among the cultivars, MR219 contained less sodium ions in straw. Sodium content was the highest in IR20. The number of effective tillers/hill, number of filled grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and harvest index decreased with increasing salinity levels whereas reverse trend was observed in case of non-effective tillers/hill and unfilled grains/panicle. MR219 showed the best performance in terms of yield and yield attributes up to 8.8 dS/m soil followed by Binashail. The yield and yield attributes of IR20 drastically decreased with the increase of soil salinity. MR219 was found tolerant, Binashail was moderately tolerant and IR20 was susceptible to imposed moderate salinity

Software Development Standard and Software Engineering Practice: A Case Study of Bangladesh

Improving software process to achieve high quality in a software development organization is the key factor to success. Bangladeshi software firms have not experienced much in this particular area in comparison to other countries. The ISO 9001 and CMM standard has become a basic part of software development. The main objectives of our study are: 1) To understand the software development process uses by the software developer firms in Bangladesh 2) To identify the development practices based on established quality standard and 3) To establish a standardized and coherent process for the development of software for a specific project. It is revealed from this research that software industries of Bangladesh are lacking in target set for software process and improvement, involvement of quality control activities, and standardize business expertise practice. This paper investigates the Bangladeshi software industry in the light of the above challenges.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, 11 table

A study on IoT-related security issues, challenges, and solutions.

The Internet of Things is now being developed to be the most cutting-edge and user-centric technology in the works. Raising both an individual\u27s and society\u27s level of life is the goal of this endeavour. When a technology advances, it always acquires certain flaws, which are always open to being attacked and taken advantage of in some manner. In this work, the problems posed by the Internet of Things (IoT) based on the fundamental security principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability are discussed. It has also been discussed how an overview of the security restrictions, requirements, processes, and solutions implemented for the challenges generated in secured communication inside the IoT ecosystem. In this paper, the vulnerabilities of the underlying Internet of Things network are brought to light, and many security concerns on multiple tiers of the Internet of Things ecosystem have been examined. Based on the findings of our research into the vulnerabilities that are now present, a variety of potential solutions have been proposed in order to solve the ongoing problems that are plaguing the IoT ecosystem. In addition to that, it provides an overview of the various protocols that are used for security in IoT

Usage of electronic Information resources among the lawyers of Delhi High Court Bar Association

Abstract Purpose - The purpose of this study was to know the use of electronic information resources among the lawyers of Delhi High Court Bar Association. Design/methodology - A survey, based on a questionnaire was conducted by the researcher and received data was used for the study. Findings - It is found that the most frequently used among the e-resource is journals with a percentage of 84.69. To keep updating knowledge is the main purpose of using the electronic information resources i.e.38.27%. The users of the library give preferences to e-resources for keeping them up-to-date with subject knowledge and to keep abreast with current information for consulting documents. The main purpose of using e-resources is to find relevant information in the area of specialization. The main problems faced by the library users in accessing the e-resources is lack of knowledge. Research limitations/implications - Only a Bar Association of Delhi High Court was surveyed; thus, the outcomes can\u27t be summed up for the whole Bar Association of the country. Practical implications - The findings will help the library administration to perceive what the prime areas of concern are so far as the search instruction and access to electronic information resources are concerned

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some 2- Piperidinomethylamino-4-(7-H/substituted coumarin-3-yl)- 6-chlorosubstitutedphenyl pyrimidines

Purpose: To prepare and evaluate some 2-piperidinomethylamino-4-(7-H/substitutedcoumarin-3-yl)-6- chlorosubstitutedphenyl pyrimidines as antimicrobial agents.Methods: Some 2-piperidinomethylamino-4-(7-H/substitutedcoumarin-3-yl)-6-chlorosubstitutedphenyl pyrimidines were prepared by reacting 2-amino-4-(7-H/substitutedcoumarin-3-yl)-6- (chlorosubstitutedphenyl) pyrimidines with piperidine and formaldehyde. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. These compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against ten bacteria and five fungi by serial plate dilution method using standard drugs, namely, ofloxacin and ketoconazole, respectively, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined.Results: A total of eighteen new compounds (1a-18a) were synthesized. Compound 6a (MIC = 50 μg/mL; p < 0.05 or less) displayed the highest activity against S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus. Compound 6a further showed good activity (MIC = 25 μg/mL; p < 0.05 or less) against E. coli; P. aeruginosa K. pneumonia, B. bronchiseptica, and P. vulgaris. Compounds 6a (MIC = 25 μg/mL; p < 0.0001) and 17a (MIC = 25 μg/mL; p < 0.0001) displayed very good activity against C. albicans, A. niger, A. flavus, M. purpureous, and P. citrinum, respectively. Analysis of structure-activity relationship revealed that the presence of bromo group at 7-postion of the coumarin moiety along with the 4-chlorophenyl group at position-6 of the pyrimidine ring is critical for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and fungi.Conclusion: The synthesized 2-piperidino derivatives are better antifungal and antibacterial agents than the earlier reported 2-morpholino derivatives, but require further investigations against other microbial strains to ascertain their broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.Keywords: Pyrimidine, Coumarin, Piperidine, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Structure activity relationshi