Ketohydrazone complexes as potential emitting material in OLED

Abstract Ketohydrazone is a molecule that is able to act as a bidentate ligand through the O of C=O and N of N=C in the molecule. Three ketohydrazone ligands had been fully synthesized through the condensation reaction between 2- hydroxynaphthaldehydes with various hydrazides: salisylic hydrazide, benzyhydrazide and 2-furoic acid hydrazide in a 1:1 stoichiometry. The ligands had been characterized using infrared, 1HNMR and ultraviolet-visible spectrometer. Complexation reaction between all ligands and metals, with a stoichiometry of 1:2 for Zn (II) : ligand and 1:3 for Al(III) : ligand were carried out. All six complexes obtained were characterized using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrometer. The fluorescence properties of each ligands and complexes were investigated using luminescence spectrofluorometer excited at 406 nm. It was found that the compounds emitted blue light at ? max = 470 nm. Results showed that all the ligands and molecules synthesized have the fluorescence properties and complexation with metal enhanced the intensity of the fluorescence. It was observed that complex of Al(NDB)3 showed the best potential as an emitting material for OLED as it has the highest fluorescence intensity compared to others. Abstrak Ketohidrazon merupakan sebatian molekul yang berupaya berfungsi sebagai ligan bidentat melalui O daripada C=O dan N daripada N=C di dalam molekulnya. Tiga ligan ketohidrazon telah berjaya disintesis melalui proses kondensasi antara 2- hidroksinaftaldehida dan beberapa kumpulan hidrazida, salisilik hidrazida,, 2-furoik hidrazida, dan benzihidrazida.mengikut nisbah stoikiometri 1 : 1. Semua ligan yang telah disintesis dicirikan melalui spektroskopi IR, UV-Vis dan 1H-RMN. Tindak balas pengkompleksan antara ligan yang telah disintesis dengan dua logam yang berasingan, iaitu aluminium dan zink telah dijalankan dengan nisbah ion ligam : ligan 1 : 3 bagi pengkompleksan dengan aluminium dan 1 : 2 bagi pengkompleksan dengan zink. Enam kompleks yang terhasil dicirikan melalui spektroskopi IR dan UV-Vis. Ciri-ciri pendarfluor bagi tindak balas pengkompleksan dan ligan yang terhasil telah dikaji menggunakan spektrometer pendarfluor pada panjang gelombang pemancaran 405nm. Didapati sebatian-sebatian tersebut memancarkan cahaya biru pada ? max = 470 nm. Hasil yang diperolehi menunjukkan bahawa semua ligan dan kompleks yang disintesis menunjukkan sifat pendarfluor dan pengkompleksan dengan logam dapat meningkatkan keamatan pendarfluornya.. Kompleks Al(NDB)3 menunjukkan potensi yang terbaik sebagai bahan pemancar dalam diod pemancar cahaya organik (OLED) memandangkan kompleks ini menunjukkan keamatan pendarfluor yang tertinggi

Identification of vibrio species isolated from marine fish using polymerase chain reaction

Vibrio species are found in marine and estuarine environments. Vibriosis can cause more than 50% mortality in fish culture facilities once an outbreak is in progress. The objectives of this study were to subculture and identify Vibrio spp. that were isolated previously from marine fish; to develop a technique for simultaneous identification of several Vibrio spp. (V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis and V. vulnificus) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and to compare the rapid identification kit and PCRtechniques commonly used for the identification of the Vibrio spp. In this study, 20 isolates from four Vibrio species, which consisted of five eachof V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis and V. vulnificus isolates were provided by National Fish Health Research Centre (NaFisH). The species of Vibrio were identified using an identification kit, API 20E system. These organisms were isolated from various marine fish such as Asian Seabass (Latescalcarifer), Grouper (Epinepheluscoioides), Silver Pomfret (Pampusargenteus) and Red Snapper (Lutjanuscampechanus). The isolates were previously stored at -80°C and subcultured onto TSA+. The pure cultures were then transferred to TSB+. These isolates were subjected to DNA extraction. Once the DNA is ready, PCR was used to optimise the products with the designated primers. All the PCR products were electrophoresed through 1% agarose gel for 1 h. The designated primers in this study were found suitable for the detection of V. alginolyticus,V. parahaemolyticus,V. fluvialis and V. vulnificus.Using the API 20E system, 15% (3/20) isolatesof Vibrio spp. were negative, indicating the the PCR technique is still required to confirm the result obtained by the use of the API 20E system

Fuzzy control of parabolic antenna with backlash compensation

A fuzzy logic based controller (FLC) was proposed for position control of a parabolic dish antenna system with the major aim of eradicating the effect backlash disturbance which may be present in the system. The disturbance is nonlinear and is capable of generating steady state positional errors. Simulation results obtained using SIMULINK/MATLAB 2012a were compared with those obtained when the controller was proportional-derivative controller (PDC). The fuzzy controller portrays that it has the capability of reducing the noise due to backlash and possibly others more than the proportional-derivative controller

Fuzzy control of parabolic antenna with friction compensation

In this paper a fuzzy logic controller was developed for a parabolic dish antenna system. Friction is one of the disturbances associated such systems and was represented with dead zone in the Simulink block. The effect of the disturbance due to the friction was investigated by simulation using Simulink/MATLAB 2012a software. The results obtained from the system with the fuzzy logic controller were compared with the ones obtained with equivalent proportional derivative controller and it showed that with the fuzzy logic controller the system had better performance and also demonstrates its ability to reduce the effect of friction in parabolic antenna dish systems and most likely other nonlinearities in such systems

Identifying the Crack Nature Using b-Value Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis

Concrete is an important constituent of structures. The strength performance of the concrete decrease due to several factors. Concrete suffers from deterioration at a later stage. Early and constant identification of concrete deterioration is necessary. Nowadays, non-destructive testing (NDT) is widely used especially on continuous real-time monitoring system with minimum labor involvement. It could also be used to discriminate the different types of damage occurring in reinforced concrete (RC) beam and real structure. In this research was monitored by using Acoustic Emission testing and it have several analysis such as RA-value, b-value, intensity signal analysis and historical index. To determine the acoustic emission signals for concrete structures and cracking identification this research using b-value analysis. b-value signals analysis contain useful information about damage mechanisms. A high b-value arises due to a large number of small AE hits, it representing new crack formation and slow crack growth, whereas a low b-value indicates faster or unstable crack growth accompanied by relatively high amplitude AE in large number. Reinforced concrete beams measuring of size 150 mm 250 mm 1500 mm were used during the acoustic emission test. A four-point load test was carried out on specimens until cracking occurred. The signals generated from the equipment were used for the analysis process, and the values are compared to define and summarise type of cracking and cracking processes

Design of QFT-based self-tuning deadbeat controller

This paper presents a design method of self-tuning Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) by using improved deadbeat control algorithm. QFT is a technique to achieve robust control with pre-defined specifications whereas deadbeat is an algorithm that could bring the output to steady state with minimum step size. Nevertheless, usually there are large peaks in the deadbeat response.By integrating QFT specifications into deadbeat algorithm, the large peaks could be tolerated. On the other hand, emerging QFT with adaptive element will produce a robust controller with wider coverage of uncertainty. By combining QFT-based deadbeat algorithm and adaptive element, superior controller that is called self tuning QFT-based deadbeat controller could be achieved. The output response that is fast, robust and adaptive is expected. Using a grain dryer plant model as a pilot case-study, the performance of the proposed method has been evaluated and analyzed. Grain drying process is very complex with highly nonlinear behaviour, long delay, affected by environmental changes and affected by disturbances. Performance comparisons have been performed between the proposed self-tuning QFT-based deadbeat, standard QFT and standard dead-beat controllers. The efficiency of the self-tuning QFT based dead-beat controller has been proven from the tests results in terms of controller’s parameters are updated online, less percentage of overshoot and settling time especially when there are variations in the plant

Campuran kebimbangan dan kemurungan dalam kalangan ibu bapa kanak-kanak kurang upaya fizikal di luar bandar Sabah

Penyelidik terdahulu telah menunjukkan bahawa ibu bapa kanak-kanak kurang upaya fizikal mempunyai risiko tinggi untuk mempunyai masalah kesihatan mental yang disebabkan oleh cabaran besar dalam membesarkan anak kurang upaya. Cabaran ini ditambah lagi oleh kesukaran hidup di kawasan luar bandar. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti sama ada ibu bapa kanak-kanak OKU fizikal mempunyai Mixed Anxiety and Depression (MAD) dan membina pemahaman yang mendalam "mengapa" ibu bapa mengalami MAD. Bahan untuk kajian kes ini diperoleh mengguna Kessler psychological ditress scale (K-10) dan temubual secara mendalam. Enam orang ibu bapa yang mempunyai MAD telah ditemubual. Analisis kandungan induktif dengan bantuan program komputer ATLAS.ti 7 telah menghasilkan enam simptom MAD ibu bapa (gangguan tidur, cepat marah, bimbang, mudah menangis, menjangkakan sesuatu yang buruk akan berlaku dan putus asa (hopeless) mengenai masa depan) dan lima sumber MAD (kekurangan sokongan, masalah penerimaan, kekurangan maklumat dan pengalaman, faktor luar bandar dan masalah kesihatan anak. Dapat disimpulkan, dapatan kajian ini berkaitan dengan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh ibu bapa dalam membesarkan anak-anak dari segi fizikal di luar bandar Sabah

Organizational stressor of staff negative behaviors among higher education deans: a post positivist multiple case study

Organizations and institutions today are now seeing rise of organizational stress and how it is directly contributing to the rise of financial and personal cost of mental health issues among its workers (Patty, 2016). The all important field of higher education is not spared and is also undergoing a paradigm shift, as a historically low competition industry to a sudden highly competitive industry (Otara, 2015). With these drastic changes, higher education deans are now plagued by a myriad of organizational stressors. A qualitative case study approach was used to investigated this phenomenon, encompassing the interview techniques of Patton (2002) and the validity and reliability exercises of Creswell (2014). Deans from one institution was found to encounter staff related organizational stressors which consisted of lecturer low performance, lecturer going against dean, lecturer against lecturer, lecturer negative behavior, lecturer low work ethic, and administrative staff negative work elements. This confirmed on the existence of organizational stressors among higher education deans and may be used to spur future research to reduce or eliminated this phenomenon

Implementation of extended high-gain observer in low-cost optitrack motion tracking system for UAV control

The objective of this paper is to present the implementation procedure and experimental results of using Extended High-Gain Observer (EHGO) in estimating the states from low-cost Optitrack camera that is being used as the motion tracking in the Unmanned Aaerial Vehicle (UAV) system. Owing to the low-cost sensor, the signal produced is noisy which requires filters to produce a good signal. The standard procedure to obtain differentiated signal is complex. Therefore, this paper proposed an alternative method using EHGO. The theory of EHGO is presented, and the steps taken to transform EHGO algorithm from continuous to digital form are described. Validation is performed in open-loop and closed-loop flight test to analyze the performance. The results show that EHGO able to estimate the velocity state at the same performance quality as the standard procedure using Kalman filter. Nonetheless, the advantage of EHGO is due to its simple algorithm hence minimal parameters to tune

Process control of pink guava puree pasteurization process: simulation and validation by experiment

Recently, process control has been applied extensively in many food processes include pasteurization process. The purpose is to control and maintain the product temperature at desired value. In order to be able to control the process properly, the model of the process needs to be obtained. This research aims to obtain the empirical model and to determine the best control strategy in pasteurization process of pink guava puree. The PID controller tuned by different tuning methods was simulated using Simulink and closed loop responses were observed. Simulation results revealed that PID controller tuned by minimizing of integral absolute error (IAE) method were satisfactory adaptable in this process in term of faster settling time, less overshoot, smallest values of IAE and ISE that less than 1. Then, experiment was performed using this method in order to validate simulation results. In general, a good agreement was achieved between experimental data and dynamic simulation result in control of pasteurization temperature process with R2=0.83. As the conclusion, the results obtained can be used as the recommendation for a suitable control strategy for the pasteurization process of pink guava puree in the industry