Review: Oncolytic virotherapy – A novel strategy for cancer therapy

Oncolytic virotherapy is a new modality of cancer treatment which uses competent replicating viruses to destroy cancer cells. This field progressed from earlier observations of accidental viral infections causing remission in many malignancies to virus drugs targeting and killing cancer cells. More competent and specific viruses which attack tumor cells but not healthy cells could be made with advancements in the field of genetic engineering. Studying virus as a drug has benefits of secure handling of all aspects related to this advancing field. In many ways virus given for treatment is comparable to a drug. The virus lies in the grey area of life and death and thus outside the body it is same as an unopened drug. Once inside a biological system, it starts acting targetting specific systems sine qua non as a drug. This review compares virus to a drug and deals with its  pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, virus drug interactions and combination virotherapy of this new treatment modality.Keyword: Oncolytic virotherapy

कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र नारककल

कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र नारकक

Awareness campaign for Fisherwomen

Women in fishing communities have decisioh-making role in community management. With the increasing commercialisation of fishing industry I women's access to post-harvest operations in fisheries has been declining: It is- estimated that only about 20 percent of women from traditional fishing households get opportunities for income generation from fishery related activities which are seasonal

Governing through the network

This thesis examines the relationship between the state, computer networks and their relationship to the government of education. It explores the historical development of computer networks and the governmental rationalities of education, in addition to an ethnographic study of practices surrounding computer networks at a secondary school in London. This novel approach has looked at interactions between the materiality of networks, their presence in the discourses of national policies and the practices of its end users. It begins by focussing on an early public data network developed at the National Physical Laboratory called the NPL Network. This experimental network was built using the idea that networks had to be fexible and adaptable to the needs of its end users rather than the interests of computer manufacturers and network operators. It also looks at the effects that computer networks have had on governmental mechanisms used to regulate schools. The thesis argues that the introduction of the National Grid for Learning and the National Pupil Database have been used to intensify practices of performance management and intelligence testing. Finally, it looks at practices within schools that are afforded by networked forms of government. Broadly, the thesis problematises the idea that networked forms of governance are less coercive than the mechanisms they replace. The thesis demonstrates that networks have caused an intensification of power within the education system that has made its mechanisms more efficient whilst saturating its field of operation

Redevelopment of a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill: Engineering Design Challenges

Loyola College in Maryland is a land-locked University in dire need of increasing its academic space. Working with the Baltimore Development Corporation, Loyola purchased a 52-acre parcel of land within miles of their campus which consisted of three closed landfills. The site was Loyola’s preferred location to construct a state-of-the-art athletic complex because moving their athletic facilities to an off-campus location would allow the expansion of their academic space. The athletic complex includes a home game field for lacrosse and soccer, two practice fields, administrative and maintenance buildings, stadium, and supporting infrastructure. Filling at the three landfills began in 1930 and continued on and off until 1985. Landfill materials consist of construction debris, municipal solid waste (MSW), flyash and white goods. Landfill thicknesses range from approximately 60 ft to 190 ft. in the development area. This paper describes the design and implementation of geotechnical systems to overcome the challenges of building a sports complex on the closed landfills. These systems include grade separation structures, ground improvement, utility protection, and geotechnical instrumentation. This paper will discuss landfill material properties and the design methodology associated with each of these systems

Entrepreneur gains success in scientific prawn and crab culture

This enterpreneur makes lucrative earning from prawn seed collection too. A scientifically trained prawn-culture farmer may supply up to 0.1 million prawn seeds/day/seaso

Action research for rural empowerment in Chellanam fishing village

The empowerment approach aims at equipping the rural people with ways and means of improving their living conditions. Extension education was found to be useful in producing the desired change in the target grou

Note on the extension of prawn culture technology to women in a coastal village

Prawn farming is a potential area of income generation for women in fishing villages. Observations indicate that women in small scale prawn farming households do have involvement in the traditional system. They also play an important role in the management of other activities such as livestock rearing and vegetable cultivation in their farms. Given more information and training they can be usefully involved in the adoption of the technology and also management of the farms

Group farming for sustainable aquaculture

Sustainable farming is a critical issue in aquaculture development. The concept is well understood but the issue is that of methodology for implementing it. It is well recognized that fragmented holdings have been a major constraint in the implementation of farming practices by small-scale farmers. In India 80 per cent of the shrimp production comes from small and marginal holdings which follow different systems of production, including the traditional ‘pokkali’ farms of Kerala state, improved traditional farming, and scientific methods. Group farming, which was highly successful in paddy farming, was tested among small-scale shrimp farmers practicing paddy and shrimp farming in rotation in a cluster of ‘pokkali’ fields in Kerala. The model served as an effective extension intervention to educate farmers on sustainability while helping them to improve their farming practices. The farmers, including women, could be equipped with the technology for farming not only shrimp but also finfish, crab and aquaculture feed production by strengthening the farmer–extensionist–researcher–political–administrative linkages. The work was done during 1993–1996 at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India. The study formed a part of the action research project on empowerment of rural communities through extension

Different strokes for different folks? Experimental evidence on the effectiveness of input and output incentive contracts for health care providers with varying skills

A central issue in designing incentive contracts is the decision to reward agents' input use versus outputs. The trade-off between risk and return to innovation in production can also lead agents with varying skill levels to perform differentially under different contracts. We study this issue experimentally, observing and verifying inputs and outputs in Indian maternity care. We find that both contract types achieve comparable reductions in postpartum hemorrhage rates, but payments for outputs were four times that of inputs. Providers with varying qualifications performed equivalently under input incentives, while providers with advanced qualifications may have performed better under output contracts