AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH TOWARDS USAGE OF COCONUT SHELLS IN LEARNING CONCRETE PROPERTIES

Concrete is leading material of civil engineering construction all across the globe. Manufacturing of concrete usually involve utilization of ingredients such as cement, water, admixture, and so on. In recent times, several studies have identified that coconut shells agricultural by product were employed as the aggregate within concrete. Coconut Shells are more apt as low strength-giving lightweight aggregate while restoring of general coarse aggregate in production of concrete. Metakaolin utilization as a restricted cement replacement material in mortar and concrete were studied extensively in recent years. There is no study so far available in literature on describing of transport properties which become aware of robustness of concrete and thus our work provides additional data on potency of coconut shell concretes at a variety of coconut shells replacements and gain knowledge of transport properties of concrete by coconut shell as fine aggregate replacement and by usage of 10% Metakaolin as cement replacement. In our work we make a study on the effect of Metakaolin as a cement replacement in concrete that was in addition examined all along with coconut Shell aggregate

AN EFFECTIVE PRACTICE OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND AS A REPLACEMENT MATERIAL FOR FINE AGGREGATE

There are quite a lot of studies carried out on the alternatives that are used for the purpose of construction to decrease cost of construction. Concrete was usually used for the purpose of construction in numerous earliest structures. Managing of solid waste has become one of the issues of global setting, since there is constant enhance in industrial by-products as well as waste materials. When expensive material is to some extent replaced by means of more natural, as well as affordable material such as rice husk ash will support managing of waste and moreover decrease difficulty of high-cost of concrete as well as housing. To study the effect of waste foundry sand as a partial substitute of fine aggregate on strength properties of concrete is the intention of our work. To gain knowledge of influence of rice husk ash as a substitute of cement as well as waste foundry sand as a substitute of fine aggregate on the strengthening properties regarding binary blended concrete. Concrete including with rice husk ash show enhanced workability than plain concrete by addition of waste foundry san

Green synthesis, characterization and biological activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Neolamarkia cadamba

Background and purpose Metal nanoparticles are essential due to their unique catalytic, electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics, as well as their prospective use in sensing, catalysis, and biological research. In recent years, researchers have focused on developing cost-effective and eco-friendly biogenic practices using the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles (AgNP). Experimental approach In the present study, the aqueous extracts prepared from the leaf, stem, bark, and flower of Neolamarkia cadamba were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and EDAX. Key results The current study showed absorption of synthesized AgNPs at 425, 423, 410, and 400 nm. Dynamic light scattering of AgNPs Showed size distribution of AgNPs synthesized from leaf, stem, and flower aqueous extracts ranges from 80-200 nm and AgNPs prepared from bark extract ranges from 100-700 nm. Zeta-potential of the biosynthesized AgNPs was found as a sharp peak at -23.1 mV for the leaf, -27.0 mV for the stem, -34.1 mV for the bark, and -20.2 mV for the flower. Silver nanoparticles and crude extracts of Neolamarkia cadamba showed effective antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Conclusion Silver nanoparticles have substantial antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and also exhibit the utmost antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The study concludes that the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from N. cadamba leaf, stem, bark, and flower extract is a reliable and eco-friendly technique

EFFECT OF AUXIN, ANTI-AUXIN AND METABOLIC INHIBITOR ON THE FLOWERING OF EARLY AND LATE FLOWERING VARIETIES OF SUGAR CANE

ABSTRACT At Coimbatore (latitude llON)(, in both the early (Co 1158) and late (Co 740) flowering varieties in Gibberellic acid sprayed plants, a marked delay in flowering in pot and reduction under field conditions was noted. Unlike pot, under field conditions, spray of Napthalene acetic acid and 6-azauracil reduced the flowering. 2,3, 5-Tri-iodobenzoic acid tended to delay the flowering specially in late flowering variety Co 740. 2,4-d-Dinitrophenol accelerated the inflorescence emergence. In both the early and late flowering varieties, inhibitory effects of these compounds on flowering were observed when leaf spindle was sprayed after inflorescence initiation had occured. This was more marked in late than in early flowering varieties

Influence of Ester Liquids on Dielectric Strength of Cellulose Kraft Paper

Generally, impregnation of solid insulation is performed to increase the dielectric strength and reduce the dielectric losses of solid insulants. This increase in dielectric strength depends on the oil’s diffusion and dielectric properties. This paper investigates the diffusion behavior of mineral oil and ester fluids (synthetic, natural, and mixed) to understand the influence of oil diffusion on paper breakdown voltage. To better understand this phenomenal influence, cellulose insulation paper of different thicknesses has been considered. Wetting characteristics of various oil-paper insulation systems were investigated with and without thermal stressing. Thermal aging was carried out as per modified ASTM D1934 at 110 °C, 140 °C, 160 °C, and 185 °C respectively for 2 weeks. The wetting characteristics and influence of different oils on paper breakdown voltage were explicitly reported. It is inferred that paper wetting characteristics are attributable to the type of oil, the thickness of paper, and the aging factor of oil-paper insulation. Importantly, the increase in paper dielectric strength and diffusion behavior for ester fluids is found to be superior to that of the mineral insulating oils

Synthesis of bisindolylmethanes and their cytotoxicity properties.

Polymer supported dichlorophosphate (PEG-OPOCl2) is an efficient green catalyst for the electrophilic substitution reaction of indole with aromatic aldehydes, in neat condition, to afford an excellent yield of bis(indolyl) methanes with short reaction time, at room temperature. The synthesized compounds and their anti-cancer activity are evaluated

Performance of the IIA mosaic CCD camera system

We evaluate performance of the 4K × 4K mosaic CCD camera system developed at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics using four Thomson CCDs in a buttable configuration. The camera system consists of a mosaic CCD dewar developed to mount the four CCDs and an electronics controller designed to control the mosaic configuration. A window based data acquisition software is used to configure the controller and acquire images from the camera. The calibration measurements indicate that all 4 CCDs have similar characteristics with a gain of about 3.9 e/ADU, rms noise of ~ 19 e, full-well capacity of ~ 57 000 ADU, non-linearity of ~ 0.4% and peak quantum efficiency of ~ 40% in the red region. The problem of cross-talk is faced in this multi-readout system and a solution is offered. The performance of the mosaic CCD camera has been found satisfactory at the telescope

SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTI STORY RC BUILDING WITH SHEAR WALL USING STAAD PRO

Shear wall systems are among the most generally used lateral load fighting off systems in high-rise structures. Shear walls have high in plane stiffness and strength that you can use to concurrently resist large horizontal loads and support gravity loads which makes them quite beneficial in lots of structural engineering programs. The shear wall is going to be introduced within the presented structure at appropriate locations and also the analysis is done for static loads caused because of earthquakes. An RCC building of 11 floors placed exposed to earthquake loading in Zone -V is considered in this case. An earthquake load is calculated by seismic coefficient method using IS 1893(PART-I):2002. The 3 different instalments of shear wall position for 11 floor building happen to be examined later. The outcomes of the aforementioned four analysis is going to be in comparison and optimize the shear wall frame structure is going to be recommended for that building considered for that analysis. This analysis can help in achieving safety against earthquakes in addition to maintaining your versatility from the frame structure intact. It's came to the conclusion that incorporation of shear wall is becoming inevitable in multi-storey structures to face up to lateral forces. The kind II shear wall suggested within this analysis turns out to be more effective and can achieve maximum safety towards earthquakes in Zone -

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PAVEMENTS

A highway pavement is really a structure composed of superimposed layers of processed materials over the natural soil sub grade, whose primary function would be to distribute the applied vehicle loads towards the sub-grade. To create the street stretch like a flexible pavement by utilizing style of flexible pavement by CBR method like a rigid pavement for that collected design upon given black cotton soil sub-grade and also to estimations the development price of designed pavement. The primary purpose of this research would be to develop an approach to choose the most inexpensive pavement design method to handle for that parts of a highway network also to find out the cost analysis of pavement designs. Various grades of concrete under similar condition of traffic and style concrete road are located to more appropriate than bituminous road. Because the whole existence cycle cost arrives to become reduced the plethora of 30% to 50% however for streets getting traffic under 400 cv/day and road is within good shape, the main difference between whole existence prices of concrete overlay is 15% to 60% greater than the flexible overlay. The best goal is to make sure that the sent stresses because of wheel load are sufficiently reduced, so they won't exceed bearing capacity from the sub-grade