11,162 research outputs found
Tuna Fishery and Stock Assessment of Component Species off Chennai Coast
All India tuna production continued to increase with fluctuations from 848 t in 1951 to
64,006 t in 2006, with a peak production of 64,006 t in 2006. During 1985-2006 it varied from
27,148 t in 1985 to 64,006 t in 2006 with annual average landings of 39,937 t. Annual average
tuna production by different maritime states was 17,041 t (42.7%) by Kerala, 5,615 t (14.1%)
by Gujarat, 5,000 t (12.5%) by Tamilnadu, 2,741 t (6.9%) by Lakshadweep, 2,812 (7.0%)
Karnataka, 2,716 t (6.8%) by Maharashtra, 2,009 t (5.9%) by Andhrapradesh, 1,095 t (2.7%) by
Goa, 444 t (1.1%) by Andaman & Nicobar Islands, 262 t (0.7%) by Pondicherry, 134 t (0.3%) by
Orissa, 68 t (0.2%) by West Bengal. Tamilnadu catch varied from 1,336 t in 1985 to 10,912 t in
2006 with an average of 5,000 t forming 1.4% of total marine fish production during 1985-2006.
Species composition of all India tuna catch was Euthynnus affinis (51.2%), Katsuwonus pelamis
(4.1%), Thunnus tonggol (10.4%), Auxis spp. (20.7%) and other tunnies (13.6%) and the species
composition of Tamilnadu was E. affinis (59.7%), K. pelamis (11.5), Auxis spp. (12.5%), T.
tonggol (5.5%) and other tunas (10.8%)
A rapid and gentle method for the salt extraction of chromatin core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 from rat liver nuclei
A complex of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 has been isolated from purified rat liver nuclei by a method which is both gentle and rapid. Nuclei were homogenised in 0.25 I sucrose and the residual nuclear material obtained after centrifligation was adsorbed on calcium phosphate gel. After removing histone H1 from the adsorbed material by washing with 1M NaCl in 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 were eluted together, with 2 I NaCl in 25 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The core histones so obtained migrated as a single sharp band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. Fractionation of the freshly prepared core histones on a Sephadex G-100 column yielded two major protein peaks. The peak having the larger elution volume contained histones H2A and H2B in equal amounts while the peak with the smaller elution volume contained all the four histones. Histones H3 and H4 were present in larger proportions in the second peak
Superconductivity in 2-2-3 system Y2Ba2Cu2O(8+delta)
Researchers synthesized a new high T(sub c) 2-2-3 superconductor Y2Ba2Cu3O(8+delta) by a special preparation technique and characterized it by ac-susceptibility measurements. Diamagnetism and Meissner effect sets in at low fields and superconducting transition onsets at 90 K. The systematic investigation of the real and imaginary components of ac-susceptibility as a function of temperature and applied ac magnetic field reveals that the magnetic behavior is that of a granular type superconductor
High Resolution TEM Characterisation of Hydrogen Peroxide Treated Tooth Structures
Objective: Previous studies reported that bleaching agents are capable of altering the outer enamel or exposed dentine surfaces. In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterisation in combination with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping was performed to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) on the sub-surface of tooth structures. Materials and Methods: Bovine incisors (n=6) were assigned to three groups for treatments: 30% H2 O2 pH 3, 30% H2 O2 pH 7 and 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 16 hours. Samples were exposed to direct treatment with agents to allow easy access of the agents and uniform treatment across the entire sample sub-surfaces. Specimens were immersed in KarnovskyтАЩs fixative for three days, embedded in epoxy and polished. Using focussed ion beam (FIB), samples were milled ~50-100 ┬╡m below the treated polished surface to feature the ultra-fine structures for TEM analysis. Results: Enamel rods, inter-rods and crystalline structures within rods were discerned for sound and H2 O2 treated enamel. No structural difference in the mineral dense peritubular region or fibrous protein rich inter-tubular dentine was observed after acidic or neutral H2 O2 treatment. A complete loss in the structural integrity of enamel rod was observed after NaOH treatment for 16 hours without having any impact on dentine structure. Conclusions: TEM analysis produced high quality sub-surface images of tooth structures and revealed no deleterious effect on the structural integrity of the sub-surface enamel or dentine after direct bleaching with hydrogen peroxide
Growth, condition and sexuality of the Indian sandwhiting, Sillago sihama (Forskal)
In the sandwhiting Sillago sihama (Forskal) inhabiting the coastal and estuarine waters of Mangalore region the value of the equilibrium constant a was 2.9554 indicating isometry in the relation between fish length and body weight. Condition in ooth sexes was highest in June and
related to gonadal maturit
Incidence of Diabetes and Pre-diabetes in a Selected Urban South Indian Population (Cups - 19)
Abstract
Objectives: Several cross-sectional studies have reported on the prevalence of diabetes in India. However,
there are virtually no longitudinal population-based studies on the incidence of diabetes from India. The
aim of the study was to determine the incidence of diabetes and prediabetes in an urban south Indian
population.
Methods: The Chennai Urban Population Study [CUPS], an ongoing epidemiological study in two residential
colonies in Chennai [the largest city in southern India, formerly called Madras] was launched in 1996; the
baseline study was completed in 1997. Follow-up examination was performed after a mean period of 8
years. At follow-up, 501 [47.0%] subjects had moved out of this colonies and were lost to follow-up. Of the
remaining 564 individuals, 513 [90.9%] provided blood samples for biochemical analysis. Regression analysis
was done using incident diabetes as dependant variable to identify factors associated with development of
diabetes or pre-diabetes.
Results: Among subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline [n=476], 64 (13.4%) developed
diabetes and 48 (10.1%) developed pre-diabetes (IGT or IFG). The incidence rate of diabetes was 20.2 per 1000
person years and that of pre-diabetes was 13.1 per 1000 person years among subjects with NGT. Of the 37
individuals who were pre-diabetic at baseline, 15 (40.5%) developed diabetes [incidence rate: 64.8 per 1000
person years], 16 (43.2%) remained as pre-diabetic and 6 (16.2%) reverted to normal during the follow-up
period. Regression analysis revealed obesity [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.1, p=0.001], abdominal obesity [OR: 2.23,
p<0.001] and hypertension [OR: 2.57, p<0.001] to be significantly associated with incident diabetes. The Indian
Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) showed the strongest association with incident diabetes [OR: 5.14, p<0.001].
Conclusion: The study shows that the incidence of diabetes is very high among urban south Indians.
While obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension were associated with incident diabetes, IDRS was th
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Increased Awareness about Diabetes and Its Complications in a Whole City: Effectiveness of the тАЬPrevention, Awareness, Counselling and EvaluationтАЭ [PACE] Diabetes Project [PACE-6]
Abstract
Aims and Objectives : To determine the effectiveness of a large scale multipronged diabetes awareness program
provided through community involvement in Chennai.
Material and Methods: Mass awareness and free screening camps were conducted between 2004-2007 at various
locations of Chennai as part of the Prevention, Awareness, Counselling and Evaluation [PACE] Diabetes Project. During
a 3-year period, 774 diabetes awareness camps were conducted to reach the public directly. After the PACE project
was completed, 3,000 individuals, representative of Chennai, were surveyed in 2007 using a systematic stratified
random sampling technique. The results were compared to a similar survey carried out, as part of the Chennai Urban
Rural Epidemiology Study [CURES] in 2001 - 2002, which served as a measure of baseline diabetes awareness.
Results: Awareness of a condition called тАЬdiabetesтАЭ increased significantly from 75.5% in 2001-2002 (CURES) to
81% (p < 0.001) in 2007 (PACE). 74.1% of the citizens of Chennai are now aware that the prevalence of diabetes is
increasing as compared to 60.2% earlier [p<0.001]. Significantly more people felt that diabetes could be prevented
(p<0.001), and that a combination of diet and exercise were needed to do so (p<0.001). Respondents reporting
obesity, family history of diabetes, hypertension and mental stress as risk factors increased significantly after PACE
(p<0.001). More people were able to correctly identify the eyes (PACE 38.1% compared to CURES -16.1%, p < 0.001),
kidney (PACE 42.3% compared to CURES 16.1%, p < 0.001), heart (PACE 4.6% compared to CURES 5.8%, p < 0.001)
and feet (PACE 35.0% vs CURES 21.9%, p < 0.001) as the main organs affected by diabetes.
Conclusion: Through direct public education and mass media campaigns, awareness about diabetes and its
complications can be improved even in a whole city. If similar efforts are implemented state-wise and nationally,
prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, specifically diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is an
achievable goal in India.
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