Human Body Posture Recognition Approaches: A Review

Human body posture recognition has become the focus of many researchers in recent years. Recognition of body posture is used in various applications, including surveillance, security, and health monitoring. However, these systems that determine the body’s posture through video clips, images, or data from sensors have many challenges when used in the real world. This paper provides an important review of how most essential ‎ hardware technologies are ‎used in posture recognition systems‎. These systems capture and collect datasets through ‎accelerometer sensors or computer vision. In addition, this paper presents a comparison ‎study with state-of-the-art in terms of accuracy. We also present the advantages and ‎limitations of each system and suggest promising future ideas that can increase the ‎efficiency of the existing posture recognition system. Finally, the most common datasets ‎applied in these systems are described in detail. It aims to be a resource to help choose one of the methods in recognizing the posture of the human body and the techniques that suit each method. It analyzes more than 80 papers between 2015 and 202

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF NILVADIPNE LIQUISOLID COMPACTS

The purpose of the present study is to develop a novel liquid solid technique which enhances the dissolution rate of water insoluble or poorly water soluble drugs of Nilvadipine, which belong to class II of BCS. Generally the liquisolid technique is based upon the admixture of drug loaded with non volatile solutions (or) liquid drug incorporated with required carrier and coating materials in order to obtain a dry, non adherent, free flowing and compressible powder. Various non volatile solvents used were Propylene glycol, Poly ethylene glycol. The solubility of drug in the non volatile solvents plays an important role in this formulation Avicel PH 102 and aerosil were used as carrier and coating materials. Super disintegrants were used to increase the dissolution rate.Evaluation tests such as Disintegration time, Friability, Hardness and in-vitro dissolution studies were conducted. Amongst all the formulations F14 was considered to be the best in which Propylene glycol is used and the drug release was found to be 97% in 10 min

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ETHYLCELLULOSE MICROSPHERES PREPARED BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE

Losartan is high specific angiotensin 2 type receptor antagonist with antihypertensive activity was formulated as microspheres by using Ethyl cellulose as carrier. These Ethyl cellulose microspheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The prepared microspheres were subjected to various evaluation and in vitro release studies. Highest percentage of loading was obtained by increasing the amount of Losartan with respect to polymer. The particle sizes of the prepared microspheres were determined by optical microscopy and SEM analysis. The prepared microspheres had good spherical geometry with smooth surface as evidence by SEM. The in vitro release studies showed that Losartan microspheres of 1:5 ratios showed better sustained effect over a period of 12 hours

An isolated fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the right pulmonary vein: An unusual cause of stroke in a young female

We describe the case of a 29 year-old female who presented with right sided hemiparesis with global aphasia. She had a history of transient ischemic attack with migraine headaches. Diagnostic workup revealed a right to left cardiac shunt. An isolated right pulmonary artery to left pulmonary vein fistula was diagnosed on pulmonary angiogram. The fistula was occluded successfully by cardiac catheterization. Early recognition and intervention is indicated to prevent further complications. (Cardiol J 2011; 18, 1: 73-76

Time series analysis of local authority policy interventions on highway works durations

Highway works are highly inconvenient and disruptive for society. Accordingly, four highway policy interventions were investigated in Derby, England for potential corresponding reductions in highway works durations. Time series analysis tested the durational impacts on Highway Authority (HA) and utility industry led works. Modelling results demonstrated that a highway works management Permit Scheme (chargeable) reduced utility works durations by 5.4%; (727 work days annually). Conversely, three conflated interventions comprising: the Permit Scheme (cost-free to HAs), JCB Pothole Master deployment, and the construction direct labour organisation (DLO), did not make any statistically significant difference on HA works durations; however, introducing an automated works order management system (WOMS) reduced HA works duration by 34% (6519 work days annually). Key findings are that chargeable Permit Scheme charges can create impetus for change as demonstrated by the utility industry. Furthermore, WOMS revealed that back office efficiency can lead to on-site efficiency in works execution

Knowledge-Based Collaborative Lean Manufacturing Management (KBCLMM) system

The objective of this research paper is to demonstrate the application of hybrid Knowledge-Based System, Gauging Absences of Pre-Requisites (GAP), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approaches for selecting the improvement programs for Collaborative Lean Manufacturing Management (CLMM) System.In this research, a generic Knowledge-Based System is developed to measure the level of CLMM adoption in automotive manufacturers compared to the ideal system. Using the embedded GAP and AHP technique, the key lean manufacturing improvement programs can be prioritised by using both qualitative and quantitative criteria.The analysis covers the planning stage of the KBCLMM. The utilisation of the approach is demonstrated with an illustrative example

The platelet receptor CLEC-2 blocks neutrophil mediated hepatic recovery in acetaminophen induced acute liver failure

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of acute liver failure in the West. Specific efficacious therapies for acute liver failure (ALF) are limited and time-dependent. The mechanisms that drive irreversible acute liver failure remain poorly characterized. Here we report that the recently discovered platelet receptor CLEC-2 (C-type lectin-like receptor) perpetuates and worsens liver damage after toxic liver injury. Our data demonstrate that blocking platelet CLEC-2 signalling enhances liver recovery from acute toxic liver injuries (APAP and carbon tetrachloride) by increasing tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production which then enhances reparative hepatic neutrophil recruitment. We provide data from humans and mice demonstrating that platelet CLEC-2 influences the hepatic sterile inflammatory response and that this can be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in acute liver injury. Since CLEC-2 mediated platelet activation is independent of major haemostatic pathways, blocking this pathway represents a coagulopathy-sparing, specific and novel therapy in acute liver failure

Novel derivative of aminobenzenesulfonamide (3c) induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through ROS generation and inhibits cell migration

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. New anti-cancer agents are needed for treating late stage colorectal cancer as most of the deaths occur due to cancer metastasis. A recently developed compound, 3c has shown to have potent antitumor effect; however the mechanism underlying the antitumor effect remains unknown. Methods: 3c-induced inhibition of proliferation was measured in the absence and presence NAC using MTT in HT-29 and SW620 cells and xCELLigence RTCA DP instrument. 3c-induced apoptotic studies were performed using flow cytometry. 3c-induced redox alterations were measured by ROS production using fluorescence plate reader and flow cytometry and mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry; NADPH and GSH levels were determined by colorimetric assays. Bcl2 family protein expression and cytochrome c release and PARP activation was done by western blotting. Caspase activation was measured by ELISA. Cell migration assay was done using the real time xCELLigence RTCA DP system in SW620 cells and wound healing assay in HT-29. Results: Many anticancer therapeutics exert their effects by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we demonstrate that 3c-induced inhibition of cell proliferation is reversed by the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that 3c acts via increased production of ROS in HT-29 cells. This was confirmed by the direct measurement of ROS in 3c-treated colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, treatment with 3c resulted in decreased NADPH and glutathione levels in HT-29 cells. Further, investigation of the apoptotic pathway showed increased release of cytochrome c resulting in the activation of caspase-9, which in turn activated caspase-3 and −6. 3c also (i) increased p53 and Bax expression, (ii) decreased Bcl2 and BclxL expression and (iii) induced PARP cleavage in human colorectal cancer cells. Confirming our observations, NAC significantly inhibited induction of apoptosis, ROS production, cytochrome c release and PARP cleavage. The results further demonstrate that 3c inhibits cell migration by modulating EMT markers and inhibiting TGFβ-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Samd3. Conclusions: Our findings thus demonstrate that 3c disrupts redox balance in colorectal cancer cells and support the notion that this agent may be effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer

Concurrent Proinflammatory and Apoptotic Activity of a Helicobacter pylori Protein (HP986) Points to Its Role in Chronic Persistence

Helicobacter pylori induces cytokine mediated changes in gastroduodenal pathophysiology, wherein, the activated macrophages at the sub-mucosal space play a central role in mounting innate immune response against the antigens. The bacterium gains niche through persistent inflammation and local immune-suppression causing peptic ulcer disease or chronic gastritis; the latter being a significant risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. What favors persistence of H. pylori in the gastric niches is not clearly understood. We report detailed characterization of a functionally unknown gene (HP986), which was detected in patient isolates associated with peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Expression and purification of recombinant HP986 (rHP986) revealed a novel, ∼29 kDa protein in biologically active form which associates with significant levels of humoral immune responses in diseased individuals (p<0.001). Also, it induced significant levels of TNF-α and Interleukin-8 in cultured human macrophages concurrent to the translocation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB). Further, the rHP986 induced apoptosis of cultured macrophages through a Fas mediated pathway. Dissection of the underlying signaling mechanism revealed that rHP986 induces both TNFR1 and Fas expression to lead to apoptosis. We further demonstrated interaction of HP986 with TNFR1 through computational and experimental approaches. Independent proinflammatory and apoptotic responses triggered by rHP986 as shown in this study point to its role, possibly as a survival strategy to gain niche through inflammation and to counter the activated macrophages to avoid clearance