Building an Energy-efficient Uplink and Downlink Delay Aware TDM-PON System

With the increasing concern over the energy expenditure due to rapid ICT expansion and growth of Internet traffic volume, there is a growing trend towards developing energy-efficient ICT solutions. Passive Optical Network (PON), which is regarded as a key enabler to facilitate high speed broadband connection to individual subscribers, is considered as one of the energy-efficient access network technologies. However, an immense amount of research effort can be noticed in academia and industries to make PON more energy-efficient. In this paper, we aim at improving energy saving performance of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)-PON, which is the most widely deployed PON technology throughout the world. A commonly used approach to make TDM-PON energy-efficient is to use sleep mode in Optical Network Units (ONUs), which are the customer premises equipment of a TDM-PON system. However, there is a strong trade-off relationship between traffic delay performance of an ONU and its energy saving (the longer the sleep interval length of an ONU, the lower its energy consumption, but the higher the traffi c delay, and vice versa). In this paper, we propose an Energy-efficient Uplink and Downlink Delay Aware (EUDDA) scheme for TDM-PON system. Prime object of EUDDA is to meet both downlink and uplink traffic delay requirement while maximizing energy saving performance of ONUs as much as possible. In EUDDA, traffic delay requirement is given more priority over energy saving. Even so, it still can improve energy saving of ONUs noticeably. We evaluate performance of EUDDA in front of two existing solutions in terms of traffic delay, jitter, and ONU energy consumption. The performance results show that EUDDA significantly outperforms the other existing solutions

The use of medicinal plants in health care practices by Rohingya refugees in a degraded forest and conservation area of Bangladesh

People in developing countries traditionally rely on plants for their primary healthcare. This dependence is relatively higher in forests in remote areas due to the lack of access to modern health facilities and easy availability of the plant products.We carried out an ethno-medicinal survey in Teknaf Game Reserve (TGR), a heavily degraded forest and conservation area in southern Bangladesh, to explore the diversity of plants used by Rohingya refugees for treating various ailments. The study also documented the traditional utilization, collection and perceptions of medicinal plants by the Rohingyas residing on the edges of this conservation area. We collected primary information through direct observation and by interviewing older respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 34 plant species in 28 families were frequently used by the Rohingyas to treat 45 ailments, ranging from simple headaches to highly complex eye and heart diseases. For medicinal preparations and treating various ailments, aboveground plant parts were used more than belowground parts. The collection of medicinal plants was mostly from the TGR. © 2009 Taylor & Francis

Progressive hair coil strangulation of penis

Strangulation of penis by hair strands is a well-known, but uncommon clinical entity. We report two cases occurring in circumcised boys causing progressive painless disfigurement of penis with strands of hair coiled around the penile shafts, strangulating the penis. Primary repair was done in one case and delayed primary repair was done in the other, both with satisfactory results

Potency of partially purified anthocyanin from leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipoperoxidation in rats

Anthocyanin was extracted and partially purified from the ethanolic leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis (GS). The recovered anthocyanin extract was found to have a concentration of 8mg/cm3 and an absorption spectrum with peak at 268nm. In order to assess the preventive action of the anthocyanin against lipoperoxidation, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was analyzed in rats administered with 1mg/kg of the anthocyanin before induction of lipoperoxidation in the rats using carbon tetrachloride (CC14). Serum MDA was also analyzed in rats administered with 1 and 2 mg/kg of anthocyanin for up to seven (7) days after induction of lipoperoxidation in the rats in order to determine the curative effect of the extract. The results suggest that anthocyanin extracted from GS leaves are more effective in the cure than prevention of lipoperoxidation, and the most effective daily dose of treatment is 1mg/kg for 7 days. Key words: Guiera senegalensis, Anthocyanin, Potency, Lipoperoxidatio

Coronary anomalies in Sudanese patients: angiographic study and brief review

Introduction and objective: Coronary anomalies are not rare [about 1% of the general population] and may be associated with sudden death and ischemia and may cause difficulties in coronary interventions and errors in bypass surgery. The aim of this study is to demonstrate their incidence in the Sudanese patients and give a review on their classifications and clinical relevance. Patients and methods: A retrospective study of 270 patients who had coronary angiography at Ahmed Gasim cardiac center from April, 2004 to August, 2005. Results and conclusion: Our study showed a rather higher rate of coronary anomalies [3%] but the pattern was not greatly different from the figures in the literature. Anomalies of origin were the most common [which may give difficulties in coronary interventions]. Potentially morbid anomaly with either the left anterior descending artery [LAD] or the left main coronary artery [LMCA] originating from the right coronary sinus was seen in 3 patients [1, 1%]. This study demonstrated that coronary anomalies are not rare in our patients and potentially serious anomaly may exist. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 1(1) 2006: 43-4

A Study on Emotional Intelligence on the Decision Making by the Employees of Financial Institutions in India

This study aims to illustrate the emotional intelligence effect upon the quality of decision-making infinancialinsinuation covered in major cities in India.Toachievetheobjectof this paper, two questionnaires were designed. The first one is made up of 24 parts that weigh theattitudes of the study samples, all of the data related to their self-understanding, self-management,social awareness, and social skills. The second questionnaire is made up of fourteen sections thatreflecttheevaluationofthesamplesinthestudyaboutthelevelofdecision-making.Thetwoquestioners were spread to 140 employees. The population of this paper is all the Bengaluru, Delhi, Hyderabad and Mumbaiemployeesin the financial institutions, and the sample is the employees of the Banks, foreign exchanges, Insurance companies and Broking firms.Afterconductingthestatisticalanalysis,thestudyshowsthatthereisaneffectofusingemotionalintellige nce with self-understanding, self-management,socialawareness, and social skillson thequalityof decision-makingamongthe employees

The Role of ChatGPT in Student Writing: Opportunities and Challenges in Addressing Plagiarism

The emergence of AI-driven writing tools like ChatGPT has transformed academic writing, making it more efficient and accessible. However, this transformation has also brought up issues regarding academic integrity, specifically plagiarism, and the inadequacy of existing detection systems. This study explores the relationship between the use of ChatGPT and plagiarism in student writing, considering the effects of usage frequency, awareness of academic integrity, and the purpose of application on plagiarism levels. Unlike previous works that focus purely on plagiarism detection or AI ethics, this research touches on how patterns of usage might impact academic integrity, combining a behavioral and technological angle. The theoretical framework used follows a quantitative methodology with ANOVA tests to evaluate the impact of three independent variables—frequency of ChatGPT usage, awareness of academic integrity, and purpose of application—on the dependent variable, plagiarism in student writing. The analysis reflects that students frequently using ChatGPT have increased plagiarism levels as well (F = 8.25, p = 0.003). Students who use this tool for the generation of contents also have increased plagiarism rates substantially (F = 10.68, p = 0.002). But students with awareness of academic integrity scores show significantly less plagiarism rates, (F = 12.47, p = 0.001). It needs stronger ethical guidelines, better academic integrity training, and further developments in the field of AI detection systems. Further research would look into the long-term impact on critical thinking abilities and create methods to achieve both innovation and academic integrity together

Preliminary investigation of the crossing of bambara nut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.)

Effective crosses among selected parents are crucial for genetic analyses and for the breeding of crop plants. Bambara nut is an indigenous African legume with considerable genetic diversity useful for genetic enhancement of yield and quality traits through breeding. However, the crop has previously received limited research attention. This may be attributed to its extremely small flower size, its flower orientation, the delicate nature of the flower and it’s mating system. The aim of this study was to establish a preliminary crossing protocol for Bambara nut for breeding and genetic studies. Controlled emasculation and pollination were performed using eight selected parents, using a diallel mating scheme under glasshouse conditions. Some successful crosses were achieved and F1 seeds were recovered from the crosses of 211-40-1 x N211-2, N212-8 x 211-40-1 and M09-3 x 211-82-1.Keywords: Bambara nut, emasculation, crossing, pollination, F1 hybridsAhmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeri

An Analysis To Published Research On Ai’s Potential To Revolutionize The Classroom

This literature review investigates the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the classroom, which has become a topic of increased attention due to the rise in popularity of online education. Numerous studies carried out in various educational settings, including computer science, postsecondary education, language learning, and health professions education, are assessed for their methodological integrity and practicality. While the research provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers, it also highlights challenges such as the difficulty of generalization, the significance of continuous data, and the need of ethical issues. The study emphasizes the necessity of inclusive & moral behaviors, ongoing evaluation, and professional development for educators as it relates to the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and technology into education. The findings shed light on the revolutionary possibilities of AI in the classroom and call for more research, careful consideration of ethical problems, & effective strategy in order to fully exploit the benefits of this technology. This is especially important when considering the nature of education, which is dynamic and continually evolving