The holonomy groupoid of a locally topological groupoid

AbstractWe deal with the globalization of a topology on a subset W of a groupoid G, such that W contains the identities of G. The classical situation for groups, namely extendibility of the topology under suitable conditions, fails in general for groupoids, but the topology does, under suitable conditions, globalize to a topology on the holonomy groupoid Hol(G, W), which maps onto G. The construction is due to J. Pradines (unpublished). Full details and proofs of the results, with some improvements, are given

Intertemporal Tradeoffs for Gains and Losses: An Experimental Measurement of Discounted Utility

This paper is the first to measure utility in intertemporal choice and presents new and more robust evidence on the discounting of money outcomes. Our measurement method is parameterfree in the sense that it requires no assumptions about utility or discounting. We found that intertemporal utility was concave for gains and convex for losses, consistent with a hypothesis put forward by Loewenstein and Prelec (1992). Utility in intertemporal choice was close to utility in decision under risk and uncertainty, suggesting that there may be one unifying concept of utility that applies to all of economics. The existence of one concept of utility is important for applied economics, because it largely reduces data requirements. Discount rates declined over time, but less so than has been observed in previous studies that assumed linear utility. Of the main discounted utility models, Loewenstein and Prelec’s (1992) generalized hyperbolic discounting model best fitted our data. The widely-used quasi-hyperbolic model fitted the data only slightly better than constant discounting. Finally, we obtained evidence of an asymmetry in discounting between gains and losses, which, in contrast with earlier findings, cannot be explained by a framing effect

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis; a rare scrotal tumour: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare benign disease characterized by multiple, asymptomatic and painless nodules on the scrotum. We herein report this rare disease in a Nigerian adult male and briefly review the relevant literature.Key words: Calcinosis, scrotum, Nigerian adult male, painless nodules

Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in HIV positive patient - A Case Report

Disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV dual-infection is seldom reported. Leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection may intensify the immunedefect and is the chief reason for atypical presentation and widespread progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis and its defiance to conventional therapy. Here we report a 38-yearold HIV-positive ladywhopresented with a 6-month history of a progressive papule and nodular eruptions of leishmaniasis on face, trunk and extremities that was recalcitrant to treatment.Keywords: Co-infection, Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, HIV infection

Comparative Computational Study of Mechanical Behavior in Self-Expanding Femoropopliteal Stents

The use of the stent to treat peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increased and the proportion of failures also increases. The femoropopliteal artery (FPA) experiences a high deformation ratio compared to the cardiovascular artery due to limp flexion and daily activities that could lead to stent failure, as well as increasing the number of observed mortality and morbidity. In the present work, two of the common PAD stent design models represented as STENT I and STENT II were analyzed by using of finite element method (FEM) to simulate the most mechanical loading modes that could occur in FPA, such as axial tension and compression, torsion, three-point bending and radial compression to give a good understanding of deformation that affected stent inside the in-vivo. The gradual force load was used to simulate all modes, the force values are 0.25 N, 0.5 N, 1.5 N, 2.5 N, 3.5 N and 5.5 N until the stent models obtain the yield-point. The comparison of stent models (STENT I, STENT II) was performed in terms of graphs of total deformation, force-stress and stress-strain for all test modes. The similarity ratio of the total deformation in axial tension and the compression mode for STENT I and STENT II was 17% and that may indicate that STENT I obtained a high deformation value instead of STENT II, while, the torsion similarity ratio was 86% which could show a good agreement in this mode, as well as the similarity ratio, was 78% of the total three-point bending deformation and the value of the similarity ratio in the radial compression mode was 23%. Still unclear what is the clinical mode of mechanical deformation that is more important than others with changing the length of the lesion and stent diameter, and the fatigue life test provides a better understanding of the mechanical tests that must be sought

Evaluation of some toxic metals in blood samples of smokers in Saudi Arabia by inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Purpose: To determine some toxic elements in the blood of cigarette and tobacco pipe smokers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: The study setting was Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh City. Male volunteers, aged 20 - 58 year, whose blood samples were collected, were classified into three groups of cigarette smokers (N = 30), tobacco pipe smokers (N = 30) and non-smokers (24). Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurement was conducted to determine the concentration of toxic metals in the blood samples after microwave acid digestion.Results: The mean concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and nickel (Ni) were 0.23 ± 0.30, 26.42 ± 20.08, 19.43 ± 10.00, 8.77 ± 6.98 and 79.57 ± 70.51), respectively, for cigarette smokers; (0.31 ± 0.19, 8.11 ± 8.60, 4.80 ± 3.01, 13.05 ± 3.01 and 9.96 ± 5.00), respectively, for tobacco pipe smokers; and 0.07 ± 0.20, 3.89 ± 5.82, 10.09 ± 2.75, 10.44 ± 5.37 and 1.60 ± 2.77), respectively, non-smokers.Conclusion: The results showed that the blood concentrations of heavy metals in smokers were higher than those in non-smokers.Keywords: Blood, Heavy metals, Smokers, Tobacco pipe smokers, Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometr

Significant cost and energy savings opportunities in industrial three phase reactor for phenol oxidation

YesEnergy saving is an important consideration in process design for low cost sustainable production with reduced environmental impacts (carbon footprint). In our earlier laboratory scale pilot plant study of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol (a typical compound found in wastewater), the energy recovery was not an issue due to small amount of energy usage. However, this cannot be ignored for a large scale reactor operating around 140–160 °C due to high total energy requirement. In this work, energy savings in a large scale CWAO process is explored. The hot and cold streams of the process are paired up using 3 heat exchangers recovering significant amount of energy from the hot streams to be re-used in the process leading to over 40% less external energy consumption. In addition, overall cost (capital and operating) savings of the proposed process is more than 20% compared to that without energy recovery option

The practice of hepatocellular cancer surveillance in Nigeria

Background: Hepatocellular cancer is a disease of global and public health importance due to the widespread distribution of risk factors and associated high case fatality. Hepatocellular Cancer (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa is commonly seen among the younger age groups (<45 years) who present mostly in the terminal stage, when the disease is not amenable to any curative therapy. Hepatocellular Carcinoma surveillance employs the use of simple, cheap and readily available investigations, to detect early curable cancer in individuals with risk factors for HCC.Objectives:The aim of this study is to assess the practice of hepatocellular cancer screening among physicians.Methodolgy:This is a nationwide online survey carried out among physicians who care for patients with HCC. A questionnaire was sent out via a web link to all consenting doctors in Nigeria. The responses were collated in a cloud-based application and data was analysed using Epi-info version 20.Results:Atotal of 218 respondents, 142 were males (65.1 %) with a mean age of 37.6 ± 5.7 years. The modal age group was 31-40 years 153 (69.5%). The main factors considered as a hindrance to surveillance were; the cost of the tests (57.7%), failure of return of patients (50.5%) and not being aware of a surveillance program (45.2 %). The majority of the respondents were Gastroenterologists and Family Physicians. 54% of the gastroenterologists and 64% of the family physicians have never offered HCC surveillance to their patients.Conclusion:This survey highlights a knowledge gap in HCC surveillance among physicians. There is a need to make HCCsurveillance a daily routine among patients at risk by all physicians. Keywords: Surveillance, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, HBV, HCV, Cancer screening

OFraMP: a fragment-based tool to facilitate the parametrization of large molecules

An Online tool for Fragment-based Molecule Parametrization (OFraMP) is described. OFraMP is a web application for assigning atomic interaction parameters to large molecules by matching sub-fragments within the target molecule to equivalent sub-fragments within the Automated Topology Builder (ATB, atb.uq.edu.au) database. OFraMP identifies and compares alternative molecular fragments from the ATB database, which contains over 890,000 pre-parameterized molecules, using a novel hierarchical matching procedure. Atoms are considered within the context of an extended local environment (buffer region) with the degree of similarity between an atom in the target molecule and that in the proposed match controlled by varying the size of the buffer region. Adjacent matching atoms are combined into progressively larger matched sub-structures. The user then selects the most appropriate match. OFraMP also allows users to manually alter interaction parameters and automates the submission of missing substructures to the ATB in order to generate parameters for atoms in environments not represented in the existing database. The utility of OFraMP is illustrated using the anti-cancer agent paclitaxel and a dendrimer used in organic semiconductor devices. Graphical abstract: OFraMP applied to paclitaxel (ATB ID 35922).[Figure not available: see fulltext.

The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

__Background:__ Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. __Methods:__ Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. __Results:__ Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. __Conclusions:__ There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low-and middle-income countries