SCALE INSECTS (HEMIPTERA COCCOIDEA) ON MULBERRY TREES IN TURKEY

In Turkey commonly cultivated mulberry species are Morus alba L., M. nigra L., and M. rubra L (Moraceae). Mulberry fruits are widely consumed freshly or as traditional products such as mulberry molasses and mulberry dried fruit pulp. Mulberry leaves are used for sericulture. In this study, scale pests of mulberry trees were investigated mainly in Ankara and some other regions in Turkey. Eight scale insect species namely Ceroplastes japonicus Green, C. rusci (L.), Neopulvinaria innumerabilis (Rathvon), Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Coccidae), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni-Tozzetti (Diaspididae), Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret), Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) (Pseudococcidae) were found on the Morus spp. P. pentagona was the most common and important pest species of the mulberry trees in research area. Populations of C.japonicus, N. innumerabilis, and P.comstocki are found at very high levels in some local gardens

The Black Book of Sudan by The Seekers of Truth and Justice (Review)

The Black Book of Sudan is reviewed

Assessment of micro-dam irrigation projects and runoff predictions for ungauged catchments in Northern Ethiopia

Das Zielgebiet dieser Studie ist Tigray, Nord-Äthiopien. Die Einzugsgebiete dortiger Talsperren-Bewässerungsprojekte sind nicht mit Pegeln ausgestattet, so dass die Speicher ohne Kenntnis der Abflüsse dimensioniert wurden. In dieser Studie wurden zahlreiche Ansätze getestet und neue Vorschläge unterbreitet, die eine Basis für Abflussvorhersagen für Pegel-lose Einzugsgebiete im nördlichen Äthiopien bieten, auf der Basis der Daten von eigens installierten Messstationen. Etwa 20 Niederschlag-Abfluss Ereignisse wurden zur Kalibrierung und Optimierung der Parametersätze herangezogen. Die Regionalisierung der Modellparameter erfolgte durch Bezug auf die jeweiligen Einzugsgebietscharakteristika. Die Abflussbeiwerte aus dem jeweiligen Entwurf wurden einer kritischen Bewertung ihrer Nachteile unterzogen. Ein neuer Satz von Abflussbeiwerte in Form von Grafiken und Karten wurde entwickelt. The study area is found in Tigray region Northern Ethiopia. The watersheds of all micro-dam irrigation projects found in the region are considered as ungauged catchments since there is no flow record required for sizing the reservoir. In this study several approaches have been explored and new findings are presented that would give a basis for estimating runoff for ungauged catchments in the Northern Ethiopia based on the data collected from the established monitoring stations. About 20 rainfall-runoff events were calibrated and optimized to derive the most optimum parameter sets. Regionalization of model parameters was successfully done by relating them with watershed characteristics. The runoff coefficients used in the existing design process are evaluated and the drawbacks are outlined. Accordingly a new set of runoff coefficients developed in the form of graphs and maps are reported

Trauma outcome of road traffic accident at UAE

Road traffic accident (RTA) is of growing public health importance worldwide contributing significantly to the global disease burden. Road traffic accidents are a major cause of both internal and external wounds, many of which cannot be treated with simple dressings. There is paucity of published data on road traffic accident in environment of UAE. This study was carried out to describe the injury characteristics and outcome of road traffic accident victims in UAE setting and establishment of treatment protocols. Materials ad methods: A total of 100 road traffic crash victims were studied from November 2000 to November 2006, and recorded in Um Aquin hospital UAE depended on the R.T.A Form data on age, sex, nationality, the state of patient in the street, the region of trauma, the nature of injuries, treatment, and outcome were obtained from the registry. The results: Road traffic accident constitute a major public health problem in AUE setting and contribute significantly to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality, about 84% male age between 21-31 year old about 29%, occurred in head and neck 43% for one regen 61%, about 81.82 treated surgically with mortality rate 12%. Conclusion: Injury is the leading cause of death among young adults using of motor vehicles is growing in UAE a particular concern in emerging nations where increasing urbanization, overcrowding and scant regard for the 'rules of the road' are the standard. Keywords: Road traffic accident, trauma, injur

Effect of experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection on serum profiles of lipid and cholesterol in pack donkeys

The effect of experimental Trypanosoma congolense (T. congolense) infection on serum concentrations of lipids in donkeys was investigated. To establish the infection, four apparently healthy pack donkeys were, each, intravenously inoculated with blood (1 ml) from an infected donor donkey containing 1 x 106 T. congolense organisms. Following this, 5 ml of blood was collected from each of the experimental animals, starting from day zero and then every other day throughout the experimental period and used for haematological and serum biochemical analyses. Levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) in the serum were measured over a 28-day experimental period, using commercial test kits. The infection with T. congolense caused significant (P<0.05) decreases in serum concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the experimental animals. Decreases were also observed in the serum concentrations of triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol but were not significant (P>0.05). With the indispensable roles of lipids as integral parts of cell membrane structures and in other metabolic processes in the mammalian hosts, it could be inferred that T. congolense infection-induced alterations in serum concentrations of lipids might be contributory pathophysiological mechanisms of some of the reported disorders in trypanosome-infected animals.Keywords: Donkey, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterolTrypanosoma congolens