Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy and Intubation With Laryngoscopic Exam Test: A New Method.

Airway assessment is fundamental skill for anesthesiologists and failure to maintain a patient's airway is the tremendous cause of anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. None of the tests which have recommended for predicting difficult intubation stands out to be the best clinical test or have high diagnostic accuracy. Our study aimed to determine the utility of a new test as "laryngoscopic exam test (LET)" in predicting difficult intubation. Three hundred and eleven patients aged 16-60 years participated and completed the study. Airway assessment was carried out with modified Mallampati test, upper lip bit test and LET preoperatively, and Cormack and Lehane's grading of laryngoscopy were assessed during intubation as a gold standard, and difficult laryngoscopy was considered as Cormack and Lehane's grade ΙΙΙ or ΙV of laryngoscopic view. The incidence of difficult intubation was 6.1%. The LET showed higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (P<0.05), without revealing significant differences among three tests (P=0.375). The LET is a simple bedside test and an alternative method for predicting difficult intubation

Coexistence of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia and Idiopathic Left Ventricular Outflow-Tract Tachycardia

Double tachycardia is a relatively rare condition. We describe a 21 year old woman with history of frequent palpitations. In one of these episodes, she had wide complex tachycardia with right bundle branch and inferior axis morphology. A typical atrioventricular nodal tachycardia was induced during electrophysiologic study, aimed at induction of clinically documented tachycardia. Initially no ventricular tachycardia was inducible. After successful ablation of slow pathway, a wide complex tachycardia was induced by programmed stimulation from right ventricular outflow tract. Mapping localized the focus of tachycardia in left ventricular outflow tract and successfully ablated via retrograde aortic approach. During 7 month's follow-up, she has been symptom free with no recurrence. This work describes successful ablation of rare combination of typical atrioventricular nodal tachycardia and left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia in the same patient during one session

Synthesis of [CU(PDTC)] Coordination Series

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a potential environmental contaminant in water, and soil. We are interested in studying potential CCl4 environmental remediation technologies. Specifically we are interested in 2,6-pyridinedithiocarboxylic (PDTC) and the dechlorination properties of its copper based coordination compounds, [Cu(PDTC)L]X . In the interest of creating better performing more soluble coordination compounds we seek to understand the link between coordination compound electronic structure and reactivity. With this ultimate goal in mind we present IR, UV-Vis and NMR evidence for the successful synthesis of a series of [Cu(PDTC)yL]x coordination compounds. Here L=Cl, Br, I, CN, PPh3 as well as the dimer species [Cu(PDTC)2]

Efficacy of Different Ibuprofen Formulations with Two Prescription Methods on Post Endodontic Pain of Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Pain management during root canal therapy and after that is of great importance in endodontics. This study aimed to compare the effect of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); ibuprofen and ibuprofen lysine with two methods of prescription on pain after single-visit root canal treatment of first and second mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: This randomized study recruited subjects experiencing moderate to severe pain from a tooth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (n = 120). Subjects were randomized to receive 400 mg ibuprofen acid or 400 mg ibuprofen lysine regularly or on demand. The primary objective was to measure changes in pain scores at post-operative time frames of 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the root canal treatment on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS).&nbsp; Independent T-test, Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Test and Friedman Test were used to analyze the data. Results: &nbsp;Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed a significant difference in NRS score between on-demand ibuprofen group and regular ibuprofen group and also between regular ibuprofen lysine group and regular ibuprofen group at 6 hours after the treatment (P&lt;0.05). But no remarkable difference was observed in the recorded mean pain intensity of four study groups in the other time frames (P&gt;0.05). Conclusions: Based on this randomized clinical trial, there was no significant difference in the pain intensity of patients using ibuprofen and ibuprofen lysine. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the degree of pain between the on-demand and regular groups, despite the fact that patients in the on-demand group used less medications. Due to the multiple negative effects of NSAIDs, it would be wise to prescribe ibuprofen on demand

Assessment of Laser Effects on Skin Rejuvenation

Laser skin resurfacing has changed the approach of facial skin rejuvenation over the past decade. This article evaluates the laser effects on skin rejuvenation by the assessment of laser characteristics and histological and molecular changes, accompanied by the expression of proteins during and after laser-assisted rejuvenation of skin. It is important to note that different layers of skin with different cells are normally exposed to the sun’s UV radiation which is the most likely factor in aging and damaging healthy skin. To identify the expression of proteins, using validated databases and reviewing existing data could reveal altered proteins which could be analyzed and mapped to investigate their expression and their different effects on cell biological responses. In this regard, proteomics data can be used for better investigation of the changes in the proteomic profile of the treated skin. Different assessments have revealed the survival and activation of fibroblasts and new keratinocytes with an increase of collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis and the reduction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) as a result of different low-power laser therapies of skin. There are a wide range of biological effects associated with laser application in skin rejuvenation; therefore, more safety considerations should be regarded in the application of lasers in skin rejuvenation

The effects of prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation on overweight/obesity indicators: an umbrella review of the trials’ meta-analyses

BackgroundThere is controversial data on the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic supplementations on overweight/obesity indicators. Thus, we aimed to clarify this role of biotics through an umbrella review of the trials’ meta-analyses.MethodsAll meta-analyses of the clinical trials conducted on the impact of biotics on overweight/obesity indicators in general populations, pregnant women, and infants published until June 2023 in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library web databases included. The meta-analysis of observational and systematic review studies without meta-analysis were excluded. We reported the results by implementing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flowchart. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR2) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) systems were used to assess the methodological quality and quality of evidence.ResultsOverall, 97 meta-analysis studies were included. Most studies were conducted on the effect of probiotics in both genders. Consumption of prebiotic: 8-66 g/day, probiotic: 104 -1.35×1015 colony-forming unit (CFU)/day, and synbiotic: 106-1.5×1011 CFU/day and 0.5-300 g/day for 2 to 104 weeks showed a favorable effect on the overweight/obesity indicators. Moreover, an inverse association was observed between biotics consumption and overweight/obesity risk in adults in most of the studies. Biotics did not show any beneficial effect on weight and body mass index (BMI) in pregnant women by 6.6×105-1010 CFU/day of probiotics during 1-25 weeks and 1×109-112.5×109 CFU/capsule of synbiotics during 4-8 weeks. The effect of biotics on weight and BMI in infants is predominantly non-significant. Prebiotics and probiotics used in infancy were from 0.15 to 0.8 g/dL and 2×106-6×109 CFU/day for 2-24 weeks, respectively.ConclusionIt seems biotics consumption can result in favorable impacts on some anthropometric indices of overweight/obesity (body weight, BMI, waist circumference) in the general population, without any significant effects on birth weight or weight gain during pregnancy and infancy. So, it is recommended to intake the biotics as complementary medications for reducing anthropometric indices of overweight/obese adults. However, more well-designed trials are needed to elucidate the anti-obesity effects of specific strains of probiotics

Evaluation of Laser Effects on the Human Body After Laser Therapy

Lasers have wide applications in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases and various medical fields. Laser therapy like the other methods has advantages and disadvantages. Some risks such as bleeding, pain, and infection are created after laser therapy. Explanation and evaluation of laser effects on cell function, tissue, and the body are the aims of this study. We reviewed papers available from 1986 to 2019 about the effects of lasers on cells and tissue. An online search of PubMed, Science Direct and Google scholar using such keywords as “laser”, “cell”, “tissue”, “body” and “side effects” was performed. The laser photons are absorbed by chromophores, resulting in the target heating and localized damage. Laser irradiation alters cellular metabolism and cellular functions. These alterations may be accompanied by undesired side effects which can be monitored via metabolites level change in the body. Based on this finding, laser therapy may be associated with several side effects and complications; therefore, before treatment, the determination of laser types and their properties is necessary to avoid creating side effects. The advantages and disadvantages of the treatment type should be considered in order to choose the best treatment with the least side effects. The patients’ awareness of possible side effects before treatment and also an effective follow-up and management of patients after action are two important points in laser therapy. Training curriculum definition should be determined for laser applicant qualifications in different medical fields

Modification of Horizontal Wind Turbine Blade: A Finite Element Analysis

Turbines are efficient power generators. Because wind energy is a clean fuel source, it is widely utilized in some regions. One of the major factors affecting wind turbine performance is the angle of attack of the blade. The aerodynamics and efficiency can be improved by improvising the lift-to-drag ratio CL/CD to get the best design for wind turbine blades. There are many factors affecting the efficiency of horizontal wind turbine blades such as the angle of attack of the blade. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of the angle of attack on coefficients and forces, particularly on a blade with NACA 4412 airfoil in a horizontal axis wind turbine. The length, thickness, and chord length of the blade were 3m, 0.36m, and 0.12 m respectively. Computational Fluid Dynamics was used to develop to obtain lift and drag coefficients in a horizontal wind turbine blade.&nbsp; In addition, the correlation between different angles of attack, lift, and drag forces were studied and validated. The results demonstrated that the lift and drag coefficients increase as the angle of attack increases. Furthermore, the optimal angle of attack for this study was 0° because it has the highest lift-to-drag ratio, resulting in the greatest efficiency. The results demonstrated that it is possible to have a different lift and drag coefficient for the same angles of attack at a similar airfoil

Stimulation Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Sciatic Nerve Regeneration in Rat

Introduction: Recent studies exhibited that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) accelerates regeneration process of injured peripheral nerve tissue. The objective  of  this study  was investigat the effect of LLLT (780 nm) on regeneration of the injured right sciatic nerve of male Wistar rat.Methods: In this research work, the effect of LLLT (780nm) on the regeneration process and reconstruction of peripheral in injured right side sciatic nerve was investigated. Twelve adult male Wistar rats underwent surgery in aseptic condition under general anesthesia to induce a lesion to their right side sciatic nerve. Only the experimental group was treated by laser, before suturing the location. The damaged nerve was directly irradiated with (2J, 100 mW, 40 s). Irradiation procedure terminated on 21 days with little improvement (4 J, 200 mW, 40 s) across the skin surface of experimental group. Rats were selected randomly from each group to be sacrificed on different periods and histopathological examination was carried out on the extracted   nerves.Results:  Significant acceleration of revascularization and angiogenesis of the injury site was observed in the experimental group. Furthermore, a reduction of hemorrhages and increase in blood supply was observed. Also, Wallerian degeneration decreased while higher axonal density compared to the control rats was  observed. Moreover, the cross-section analysis of the injured area on the 14th and 21st days as  post-surgery showed that the nerve sheath diameter in the lesion area of the experimental group was reduced.  While the ratio between thicknesses increased in the control group.Conclusion: The current study suggests that laser phototherapy at 780 nm could accelerate the regeneration process of injured peripheral nerves tissue