Toward estimating standard enthalpy of combustion of pure chemical compounds: extreme learning machine approach

One of the effective thermochemical properties in the determination of heat process efficiency is the combustion enthalpy changes during complete combustion of the compounds. According to the importance of this property in different processes, the main aim of this work is selected as the development of extreme learning machine (ELM) approach to predict the combustion enthalpy in terms of functional groups. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive data set containing 4,590 experimental enthalpy points is used for the preparation and validation of ELM. To investigate the accuracy of the ELM approach in the estimation of the enthalpy, various visual and statistical comparisons are used. These comparisons lead into R2 value of one and low error values for overall phase. The standard deviation, root mean squared error, and mean relative error for overall phase are determined to be 11.18, 14.92, and 0.28, respectively. The relative deviations between the estimated and actual enthalpy points are below 8%. According to the statistical and graphical results, ELM algorithm has great potential in the prediction of enthalpy of combustion for pure chemical material

Effect of Companionship during Labor on Level of Anxiety of Primiparous Mothers and Midwives Points of View in Iranshahr, 2010

Abstract Background and purpose: Child birth is the most emotional experience of women that influences their health state throughout life. Being alone in labor suites, results in high anxiety level and complications among mothers. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of psychosocial support during labor provided by a female relative on anxiety level of primiparous women and midwives’ points of view regarding this intervention in Iran hospital, Iranshahr. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 210 primiparous women attending Iranshahr hospital, 2010. The subjects were aged between 18-35 years old, at 37 weeks gestational age who were carrying a single fetus and cervical dilatation (> 3 cm) with no indication for elective caesarean section. They were randomly assigned into experimental (n=105) and control groups (n=105). Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory was used to record the anxiety score in admission time and in 6-8 cm dilation of cervix. All subjects received similar midwifery helps, however, women in experimental group were accompanied by a female relative until one hour after birth and the mothers in the control group received routine care. Midwives’ points of view were also recorded regarding the intervention. To analyze the data independent t-test, paired t-test, and x2 test were used. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding demographic features, gestational age, fetal weight and state anxiety score. Mothers' anxiety score on 6-8 cm dilation was significantly lower in intervention group (43.9%) while this score was 51.4% in control group (P<0.05). The anxiety score increased significantly in control group during labor (51.4%) compared with that in admission time (44.6%), (P<0.05). But no significant difference was found in the state anxiety score during labor and admission time among experimental group (44.5% and 43.9%, respectively). Midwives’ rate of satisfaction with the intervention was 81.9%, disturbance made by companions in delivery room was 14.3%, and interfering with physician orders was 23.8%. Conclusion: Psychosocial support by female companion is a low cost and useful way to decrease anxiety of primiparous mother during labor. This intervention also increases satisfaction of midwives

Comparing the effect of Anethum gravolens with mefenamic acid consumption on treatment of primary dysmenorrhea

زمینه و هدف : دیسمنوره اولیه یکی از شایع‌ترین شکایات در زنان می‌باشد و حداقل 50 زنان در خلال دوره باروری خود آن را تجربه می کنند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه تأثیر مصرف عصاره گیاه شوید با مفنامیک اسید در درمان دیسمنوره اولیه انجام شده است. روش بررسی : این کارآزمایی بالینی بر 100 دانشجوی مبتلا به دیسمنوره اولیه با شدت متوسط و محصل در دانشگاه های ایرانشهر در سال 1389 انجام شد. نمونه گیری به روش دو مرحله ای صورت گرفت و نمونه ها با روش تخصیص تصادفی به دو گروه مفنامیک اسید و عصاره گیاه شوید تقسیم شدند. در ابتدای سیکل، برای گروه عصاره شوید، قطره دیل سان 10 قطره هر 8 ساعت در روز و برای گروه دیگر کپسول مفنامیک اسید 250 میلی گرم هر 6 ساعت در روز بعد از شروع درد، تجویز شد و شدت درد در سیکل قبل از مداخله و سه سیکل (ماه) بعد از مداخله در هر گروه و در دو گروه با یکدیگر مقایسه شد. نتایج در نرم افزار SPSS و استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای دو، آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و تی تست در سطح معنی داری 05/0 آنالیز شدند. یافته ها: میانگین شدت درد قبل از مداخله در دو گروه معنی دار نبود (42/0 (P= . بعد از مداخله، در هر سه سیکل در دو گروه مورد بررسی کاهش درد وجود داشته است که این کاهش در گروه مفنامیک اسید بیشتر بوده و در سیکل دوم و سوم معنی دار بوده است (05/0 > .(P نتیجه گیری : عصاره گیاه شوید و مفنامیک اسید بر دیسمنوره موثر بودند. گرچه این تأثیر در گروه مفنامیک اسید بیشتر بود؛ اما با توجه به کمتربودن عوارض داروهای گیاهی و علاقه بیشتر عموم به مصرف آن ها، عصاره شوید جهت درمان دیسمنوره توصیه می شود

Prediction mapping of human leptospirosis using ANN, GWR, SVM and GLM approaches

© 2019 The Author(s). Background: Recent reports of the National Ministry of Health and Treatment of Iran (NMHT) show that Gilan has a higher annual incidence rate of leptospirosis than other provinces across the country. Despite several efforts of the government and NMHT to eradicate leptospirosis, it remains a public health problem in this province. Modelling and Prediction of this disease may play an important role in reduction of the prevalence. Methods: This study aims to model and predict the spatial distribution of leptospirosis utilizing Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as capable approaches. Five environmental parameters of precipitation, temperature, humidity, elevation and vegetation are used for modelling and predicting of the disease. Data of 2009 and 2010 are used for training, and 2011 for testing and evaluating the models. Results: Results indicate that utilized approaches in this study can model and predict leptospirosis with high significance level. To evaluate the efficiency of the approaches, MSE (GWR = 0.050, SVM = 0.137, GLM = 0.118 and ANN = 0.137), MAE (0.012, 0.063, 0.052 and 0.063), MRE (0.011, 0.018, 0.017 and 0.018) and R2 (0.85, 0.80, 0.78 and 0.75) are used. Conclusion: Results indicate the practical usefulness of approaches for spatial modelling and predicting leptospirosis. The efficiency of models is as follow: GWR > SVM > GLM > ANN. In addition, temperature and humidity are investigated as the most influential parameters. Moreover, the suitable habitat of leptospirosis is mostly within the central rural districts of the province

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy on Anxiety and Academic Achievement among Children with LD

Introduction: The slow progression of academic achievement is one of the symptoms of children with learning disabilities (LD), which can be regarded as an obstacle to achieve educational goals along with anxiety. Play therapy is a way of changing the behavior of the child that is based on the interaction between parents and the child. This aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on reducing the anxiety and academic achievement of children with LD. Methods: In a double blind randomized clinical trial, 30 students with learning disabilities were randomly selected through targeted method and were assigned into two experiment and control groups through completely randomized blocks method. Play therapy was presented based on Landreth's protocol to the experimental and the control group received merely the training of motivational skills. Subjects were evaluated in two time intervals of pre-test and post-test by the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and three mathematical, dictation, and Persian courses. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis through SPSS software. Results: Primary outcomes indicated that play therapy was effective in reducing the anxiety index. Also, secondary outcomes indicated intervention based on play therapy was associated with increased academic performance (p&lt;0.000). Conclusion: These results can be of importance in influencing psychological interventions as an independent or complementary approach along with other therapies in children with special needs. . Declaration of Interest: Non

Critical Consideration on God's Essence and His Features in Open Theism

Open Theism, as a new perspective in theology, has attracted attention of many scholars and mainly claims that some teachings of classical theism are not in accordance with Scripture and depict God in the way of Greek metaphysic and Hermeneutical pattern. Therefore, Open Theists proposed a new model of theology based on the notion of Openness in reaction to deterministic model of classical theism. Their point of view had some implications like mutability, temporality and direct involvement of God. But these lead to some problems in their view like inconsistency and ambiguity in addition to denying absolute perfection from Him. In this paper, we will clarify these defects and give solutions based on Islamic thought and Lastly introduce Doctrine of Badāʾ by which we will answer many of unsolved problems that led some theologians toward Open Theism. It will be shown that by Badāʾ there will be no room for inconsistency in Devine properties

A Case Study to Evaluate the Role of Basiluses in Producing Biosurfactant and the Feasibility of MEOR

Bibi Hakimeh oilfield consists of more than 145 oil producing wells. Its Oligomiocene Asmari reservoir is dominantly made of limestone. The act of a reverse fault on the north flank of Bibi-Hakimeh Field caused a significant thickness reduction in Gachsaran formation in the way that in some drilled wells, members No. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of Gachsaran cap rock have been totally eliminated. This causes locating Asmari reservoir in a shallower level and therefore lowers reservoir temperature in the North flank already have made the reservoir suitable for a microbiological enhanced recovery. The long term production of this reservoir caused a significant reservoir pressure drop. Therefore; the recovery has been performed using Basilus with Ex-Situ method. In this case study, the feasibility of surfactant production in several oil wells has been accomplished. A high temperature resistant Basilus has been selected to evaluate the production ability of biosurfactant. This bacterium has been chosen after performing all morphological, biochemical and genetic studies. This bacteria shows a good resistance against the temperature in such manner that its emulsification, surface tension and inter surface tension abilities do not change after 15 min in an autoclave process at 120° C. In the next step, the temperature, pH, Carbon, N2 and other factors have been optimized for biosurfactant                                     production. Considering the lithology of the reservoir using this type of bacterium. This can be a good way to produce lipopithidic biosurfactant by Ex-Situ method in Asmari to enhance oil recovery. The basilus, which has good resistance against temperature and acts well in pressurized environments, can be considered as a good candidate for tertiary enhanced oil recovery process. The best method to produce basilus in B5 is the Formislink method

Operational Strategies for Establishing Disaster-Resilient Schools: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Resilient schools can warranty students’ health and survival at disasters. It is obligatory that schools be prepared for natural challenges through local programs. Considering the great population of students, disaster-resilient schools can be a safe and suitable environment for students at the time of disaster.&nbsp;Objective: This study aims to identify certain operational strategies for establishing schools resilient to natural disasters.&nbsp;Method: This qualitative study was based on conventional content analysis. Using purposive sampling method, 24 experts in the fields of health in disasters, construction engineering, psychology, teaching, and administrative management participated in the study. Maximum variation sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. The data collected via unstructured interviews were analyzed with Graneheim and Lundmen’s conventional content analysis.&nbsp;Results: Content analysis resulted in four main categories as operational strategies for establishing disaster-resilient schools including: 1) “construction and non-construction optimization”, with four subcategories of construct risk management, optimization of construct architecture and physical structure, correct construct localization, and promotion of non-construct safety, 2) “promotion of organizational coordination and interactions” with two subcategories, namely improvement&nbsp; in intra-organizational communication and improvement&nbsp; in extra-organizational communication, 3) “improvement&nbsp; in education” with three subcategories of holding educational courses for families and students, holding educational courses for managers and personnel, and holding simulated exercises, and 4) “process promotion” with four subcategories of increased preparedness, correct planning, creation of organizational structure, and rehabilitation facilitation.&nbsp;Conclusion: Various factors affecting schools’ response to disasters form operational strategies to establish disaster-resilient schools. These strategies influence pre- and post-disaster preparedness. Awareness of these components followed by preparedness prior to disasters can save students’ lives, improve school performance after disasters, and aid in establishing disaster-resilient schools as safe lodgings