186 research outputs found
The alternate-day fasting diet is a more effective approach than a calorie restriction diet on weight loss and hs-CRP levels
Metabolic syndrome in menopausal transition: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, a population based study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>There is a remarkable increase in cardiovascular disease after menopause. On the other hand, metabolic syndrome as a collection of risk factors has a known effect on cardiovascular diseases. Hormone changes are considered as one of the main relevant factor regarding cardiovascular disease as well as some recognized relationship with metabolic syndrome's components. This study was carried out in order to search for prevalence of metabolic syndrome during menopausal transition.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>In a cross sectional study in urban and rural areas of Isfahan, Najafabad and Arak cities, 1596 women aged more than 45 years were investigated using Isfahan Healthy Heart Program's (IHHP) samples. Participants were categorized into three groups of pre-menopause, menopause and post-menopause. Leisure time physical activity and global dietary index were included as life style factors. The association of metabolic syndrome and its components with menopausal transition considering other factors such as age and life style was analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>there were 303, 233 and 987 women in premenopausal, early menopausal and postmenopausal groups respectively. Metabolic syndrome was found in 136(44.9%) premenopausal participants and significantly increased to 135(57.9%) and 634(64.3%) in early menopausal and postmenopausal participants respectively, when age was considered (P = 0.010). Except for hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, there was no significant difference between three groups of menopausal transition when metabolic syndrome's components were considered.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In contrary to the claims regarding the role of waist circumference and blood glucose in increasing of metabolic syndrome during the menopausal transition, this study showed this phenomenon could be independence of them.</p
Dietary sodium and potassium intake and their association with blood pressure in a non-hypertensive Iranian adult population: Isfahan salt study
Aim: The association of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intake with blood pressure (BP) is an ongoing debate, especially in central Iran. We aimed to examine the mean Na and K intake, major sources of Na and the relationship between BP and dietary and urinary Na and K. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in central Iran in 2013-2014. A total of 796 non-hypertensive adults aged >18years were randomly recruited. The semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary Na and K intake. Moreover, 24-hour urine samples were collected to measure 24-hour urinary Na (UNa) and K (UK) as biomarkers. BP was measured twice on each arm using a standard protocol. Results: The mean Na and K intake were 4309.6±1344.4 and 2732.7±1050.5mg/day, respectively. Table and cooking salt were the main sources of Na. Odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of the crude model in the highest quartile of UNa indicated a significant association with the higher risk of prehypertension (OR (95% CI): 2.09 (1.09-4.05); P for trend=0.007). After adjustment for potential confounders, prehypertension was significantly associated with increasing dietary Na/K ratio (OR (95% CI): 1.28 (1.01-1.57); P for trend=0.046) and UNa/UK ratio (OR (95% CI): 2.15(1.08-4.55); P for trend=0.029). Conclusions: Increasing dietary and urinary Na/K ratios and UNa were associated with elevated BP and prehypertension occurrence. These findings support the necessity of developing a salt reduction programme in our country. © 2016 Dietitians Association of Australia
Modified alternate-day fasting vs. calorie restriction in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome:A randomized clinical trial
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Hypertension in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES: The association between coffee intake and hypertension (HTN) risk is controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarizing the current evidence on the association of coffee with hypertension risk in observational studies. METHODS: PubMed/Medline and Web of Science were searched for observational studies up to February 2023. Observational studies which assessed the risk of HTN in the highest category of coffee consumption in comparison with the lowest intake were included in the current meta-analysis (registration number: CRD42022371494). The pooled effect of coffee on HTN was evaluated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies i.e., thirteen cross-sectional studies and twelve cohorts were identified to be eligible. Combining 13 extracted effect sizes from cohort studies showed that higher coffee consumption was associated with 7% reduction in the risk of HTN (95% CI: 0.88, 0.97; I2: 22.3%), whereas combining 16 effect sizes from cross-sectional studies illustrated a greater reduction in HTN risk (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.87; I2 = 63.2%). These results varied by studies characteristics, such as the region of study, participants' sex, study quality, and sample size. CONCLUSIONS: An inverse association was found between coffee consumption and hypertension risk in both cross-sectional and cohort studies. However, this association was dependent on studies characteristics. Further studies considering such factors are required to confirm the results of this study
White Rice Consumption and CVD Risk Factors among Iranian Population
Association between white rice intake and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases remained uncertain. Most of the previous published studies have been done in western countries with different lifestyles, and scant data are available from the Middle East region, including Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the structure of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) to assess the association between white rice consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, 3,006 men were included from three counties of Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak by multistage cluster random-sampling method. Dietary intake was assessed with a 49-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Laboratory assessment was done in a standardized central laboratory. Outcome variables were fasting blood glucose, serum lipid levels, and anthropometric variables. Socioeconomic and demographic data, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) were considered covariates and were adjusted in analysis. In this study, Student's t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. Means of BMI among those subjects who consumed white rice less than 7 times per week and people who consumed 7-14 times per week were almost similar-24.8 +/- 4.3 vs 24.5 +/- 4.7 kg/m(2). There was no significant association between white rice consumption and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, such as fasting blood sugar and serum lipid profiles. Although whole grain consumption has undeniable effect on preventing cardiovascular disease risk, white rice consumption was not associated with cardiovascular risks among Iranian men in the present study. Further prospective studies with a semi-quantitative FFQ or dietary record questionnaire, representing type and portion-size of rice intake as well as cooking methods and other foods consumed with rice that affect glycaemic index (GI) of rice, are required to support our finding and to illustrate the probable mechanism
Effect of Hydrogenated, Liquid and Ghee Oils on Serum Lipids Profile
BACKGROUND: Trans fatty acids are known as the most harmful type of dietary fats, so this study was done to compare the effects of hydrogenated, liquid and ghee oils on serum lipids profile of healthy adults. METHODS: This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 129 healthy participants aged from 20 to 60 years old who were beneficiaries of Imam-e-Zaman charitable organization. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group was treated with a diet containing cooking and frying liquid, ghee, or hydrogenated for 40 days. Fasting serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), apoprotein A (Apo A), and apoprotein B (Apo B) were measured before and after the study. RESULTS: TC, TG and Apo B had a significant reduction in the liquid oil group compared to the hydrogenated oil group. In the ghee group TG declined and Apo A increased significantly (p < 0.01). Liquid oil group had a significant reduction in HDL-C, compared to the ghee oil group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that consuming liquid oil along with frying oil caused to reduce all serum lipid levels. However, ghee oil only reduced TG and increased HDL-C levels. Keywords: Serum lipids, Apoproteins, Liquid oil, Hydrogenated oil, Ghee, Clinical tria
Barriers and facilitators of weight management in overweight and obese people: Qualitative findings of TABASSOM project
Introduction: Since weight management is affected by various factors, including social and behavioral ones, this study
aimed to explore the peoples’ experience of barriers and facilitators of weight management.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative content analysis was conducted as the initial step of TABASSOM Study.
Participants, who tried to reduce their weight at least once, were selected by purposeful sampling method from aerobic
fitness clubs, parks, and public offices in Isfahan in 2010. Data saturation was reached after indepth unstructured
interviews with 11 participants. Data analysis was done by conventional content analysis method.
Findings: The participants have intermittently followed weight loss program. Barriers such as physical problems, lack of
motivation, lack of work and family support and lack of time have resulted in their failures and outages. The main
facilitator to start or restart after stopping such programs for a while was positive psychologic effect.
Discussion and Conclusion: Findings showed that many problems could prevent weight loss. It is important to
identify obstacles that hinder weight management and regimen programs and to discuss them with people before
planning for their weight management
Body Mass Index, Waist-circumference and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Iranian Adults: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program
Considering the main effect of obesity on chronic non-communicable
diseases, this study was performed to assess the association between
body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference (WC), cardiometabolic risk
factors and to corroborate whether either or both BMI and WC are
independently associated with the risk factors in a sample of Iranian
adults. This cross-sectional study was performed on data from baseline
survey of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). The study was done on
12,514 randomly-selected adults in Isfahan, Najafabad and Arak counties
in 2000-2001. Ages of the subjects were recorded. Fasting blood glucose
(FBG), 2-hour post-load glucose (2hpp), serum lipids, systolic and
diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), BMI, WC, smoking status, and
total daily physical activity were determined. Increase in BMI and WC
had a significant positive relation with the mean of FBG, 2hpp, SBP,
DBP, serum lipids, except for HDL-C (p<0.001 for all). After
adjustment for age, smoking, physical activity, socioeconomic status
(SES), and BMI, the highest odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for diabetes
mellitus (DM) according to WC was 3.13 (1.93-5.08) and 1.99 (1.15-3.44)
in women and men respectively. Moreover, the highest ORs based on BMI
with adjustment for age, smoking, physical activity, SES, and WC were
for dyslipidaemia (DLP) [1.97 (1.58-2.45) in women and 2.96 (2.41-3.63)
in men]. The use of BMI or WC alone in the models caused to enhance all
ORs. When both BMI and WC were entered in the model, the ORs for all
risk factors, in men, according to BMI, were more compared to WC.
However, in women, ORs for DM and hypertension (HTN) in WC quartiles
were more than in BMI quartiles. BMI is the better predictor of DM,
HTN, and DLP in men compared to WC. Conversely, in women, WC is a
superior predictor than BMI, particularly for DM and HTN. Furthermore,
the measurement of both WC and BMI in Iranian adults may be a better
predictor of traditional risk factors of CVDs compared to BMI or WC
alone
Association of adherence to the dietary approach to stop hypertension and Mediterranean diets with blood pressure in a non-hypertensive population: Results from Isfahan Salt Study (ISS)
Abstract
Background and aims
Hypertension is among the major risk factors for cardiovascular events in the Iranian population. This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the association of adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean (MED) dietary patterns with the distribution of blood pressure and pre-hypertension prevalence.
Methods and results
This cross-sectional study was carried out in 1363 non-hypertensive adults. Adherence to the DASH and MED diets was calculated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Hypertension was measured by the standard method. Multiple logistic regression was applied to obtain the odds ratio of pre-hypertension in the tertiles of MED and DASH dietary patterns. Compared to the lowest, participants with the highest adherence to the DASH dietary pattern had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (111.3 ± 11.8 vs. 112.8 ± 12.5; P = 0.010) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (70.7 ± 9.2 vs. 71.8 ± 9.8; 0.042). There was no significant difference in the mean SBP and DBP among the participants across tertiles of MED or diet adherence. Higher scores of the DASH and MED diets were inversely associated with lower SBP after adjustment for all potential confounders (OR = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.29, −0.01, P = 0.039) and (OR = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.72, −0.02, P = 0.044), respectively. Also, DASH and MED dietary patterns was associated with reduced OR of pre-hypertension occurrence by 13% (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.70–0.98; P for trend = 0.042) and 16% ([OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.69–0.97; P trend = 0.035), respectively.
Conclusion
Adherence to the DASH and MED diets was inversely associated with the odds for pre-hypertension and SBP
- …