A Comparative Study of Grade 8 Science Students’ Academic Achievement under Teacher-Centered Learning Method and Inquiry-Based Learning Method at the Demonstration School of Ramkhamhaeng University in Bangkok, Thailand

The purpose of this study was to compare students’ academic achievement under two different teaching methods which were teacher-centered learning method and inquiry-based learning method. Two groups of Grade 8 students of The Demonstration School of Ramkhamhaeng University (DSRU), Bangkok, Thailand comprised the sample for this research.  The study was conducted over a period of seven weeks from February 2019 to April 2019. The science achievement scores were analyzed by means, standard deviations, a paired sample t-test and an independent samples t-test (one-tailed). The findings of the study did not show a significant difference between teacher-centered learning method and inquiry-based learning method. Recommendations have been suggested for the school, teachers, students and future researchers

Effect of Intravenous Paracetamol on Acute Post-operative Pain, Nausea, and Vomiting after Outpatient Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Infertility

Background: Post-operative pain, nausea, and vomiting (PONV) are significant causes of morbidity among patients undergoing outpatient diagnostic laparoscopy. However, the optimal strategy for prevention of these side effects remains unclear. Many drugs and their combination have been used to attenuate these adverse responses. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) paracetamol on attenuation of acute post-operative pain and opioid consumption and as a result PONV at the same time in infertile women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy.Methods: A total of 104 American Society of Anesthesiologists  Class I-II infertile women aged 18-40 years, who were scheduled for elective diagnostic laparoscopy under general anesthesia, were included and anesthetized with the same technique. The paracetamol group received IV infusion of 1000 mg paracetamol in 100 ml saline, and the placebo group received the same volume of saline after induction of anesthesia. Pain score at the end of surgery and 1 hour later, PONV and fentanyl consumption as rescue analgesic at the recovery room were all recorded and compared between the two groups.Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding demographic data. Mean pain score was 2.8 ± 2.7 in paracetamol group and 4.3 ± 3.5 in placebo group at the end of surgery (P = 0.016). Mean pain score was 3.7 ± 2.1 in paracetamol group and 4.6 ± 2.2 in placebo group 1 hour after surgery (P = 0.030). Nearly 36% of patients in placebo group and 14% in paracetamol group need additional fentanyl for pain relief after surgery (P = 0.008). Incidence of post-operative nausea was 16.3% and 14.5% in placebo and paracetamol groups, respectively, (P = 0.150). Incidence of post-operative vomiting was 6% and 0 in placebo and paracetamol groups, respectively, (P = 0.040).Conclusions: IV paracetamol reduced post-operative pain and nausea in infertile women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for assisted reproductive techniques

Knoevenagel condensation of isatins with malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of sulfonic acid functionalized silica (SBA-Pr-SO3H) as a new nano-reactor

The Knoevenagel condensation between isatins and active methylene compounds like malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate to prepare 2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene malononitrile/ cyanoacetates is described. The reactions occur in the presence of sulfonic acid functionalized silica SBA-15 (SBA-Pr-SO3H) in an aqueous medium giving excellent yields of the products in short reaction times. SBA-Pr-SO3H with a pore size of 6 nm is found to be an efficient and environmentally benign catalyst for this reaction

RUSSIAN FEDERATION GEO-ECONOMIC IMPACT AND POLITICAL RELATIONSHIP IN SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION AND ITS INFLUENCE IN THE ENERGY MARKET

This study is in regards to Russia Geo-economic interest and influence in Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the importance of SCO as a sufficient Eurasian organization’s leadership in energy market and the prospective of Russia to affect the energy market and energy reserve as a major authority within the organization

Syzeuctus irrisorius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae): New genus and species record for the fauna of Iran

مطالعه­ فونستیک زنبورهای زیرخانواده­ Banchinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) در جنوب استان کرمان، در سال­های 1393 و 1394 با استفاده از 8 تله­ مالیز در شهرستان­های جیرفت و فاریاب انجام شد. سه گونه از این زیرخانواده به نام­های Exetastes adperssorius (Thunberg, 1824)، Lissonota pleuralis Brischke, 1880 و Syzeuctus irrisorius (Rossi, 1794) جمع­آوری و شناسائی گردیدند. گونه­ L. pleuralis برای استان کرمان و جنس و گونه­ S. irrisorius، برای فون ایران گزارش جدید می­باشند

The effect of size, morphology and surface properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on pharmacokinetic aspects and potential toxicity concerns

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are considered as suitable delivery vehicles considering their unique characteristics. Various physicochemical characteristics of MSNs govern their pharmacokinetic parameters which affect the disposition of these nanoparticles in the body. Along with the advantages of MSNs, the toxicity of nanoparticles entering the body is a major concern. Various factors such as particle size, surface charge, route of administration, etc., may affect organ toxicity of MSNs. The main target organs involved in the metabolism and elimination of MSNs are the kidney and the liver as well as the hematopoietic system. In this review, we first introduced the physicochemical characteristics of MSNs which affect the pharmacokinetic properties including drug absorption and bio-distribution. Thereafter, we discussed the mechanisms by which organ toxicity may occur. In this regard, the effects of various factors on organ-based MSNs toxicities and molecular mechanisms have been summarized. At last, we emphasized on the role of the physicochemical parameters on organ-based toxicities, and the proposed approaches to prevent or at least diminish MSN-related toxicities are discussed in detail

Baricitinib Liposomes as a New Approach for the Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease affecting from 0.2 to 3% of the general population. The current treatment for Sjögren's syndrome is aimed at controlling symptoms such as dry eyes and xerostomia. Systemic therapy with glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants is also used. Baricitinib is an immunosuppressant drug, specifically a Janus kinases 1 and 2 selective inhibitor. We propose ocular liposomal formulations loaded with baricitinib for the management of Sjögren's syndrome. The novelty of the work relies on the fact that, for the first time, baricitinib is intended to be used for topical delivery. Two liposomal formulations were prepared with different lipids: (i) L-α-phosphatidylcholine (Lα-PC) and (ii) a combination of lipids 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine: s1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoglycerol (3:1, mol/mol) (POPE:POPG), and they were physicochemically characterized. The in vitro drug release and the ex vivo permeation through corneal and scleral tissues were also assessed. Finally, the tolerance of the formulations on the ocular tissues was evaluated by the HET-CAM technique, as well as through the histological analysis of the cornea and sclera and the cornea transparency. Both liposomes resulted in small, spherical shapes, with suitable physicochemical properties for the ocular administration. Lα-PC led to higher flux, permeation, and retention in the sclera, whereas POPE:POPG led to higher flux and permeation in the cornea. The formulations showed no irritant effects on the chorioallantoic membrane. Additionally, the liposomes did not affect the cornea transparency when they were applied, and the histological analysis did not reveal any structural alteratio