Synchronizing of Stabilizing Platform Mounted on a Two-Wheeled Robot

This paper represents the designing, building, and testing of a self-stabilizing platform mounted on a self-balancing robot. For the self-stabilizing platform, a servo motor is used and for the self-balancing robot, two dc motors are used with an encoder, inertial measurement unit, motor driver, an Arduino UNO microcontroller board. A PID controller is used to control the balancing of the system. The PID controller gains (Kp, Ki, and Kd) were evaluated experimentally. The value of the tilted angle from IMU was fed to the PID controller to control the actuated motors for balancing the system. For the self-stabilizing control part, whenever the robot tilted, it maintained the horizontal position by rotating that much in the opposite direction

Building Pattern Technique of an Indigenous Community – Does Its Appearances a Distinctive Representation?

Bangladesh is enriched with beautiful traditional indigenous cultures. Different indigenous peoples with their distinctive existences also considerably create an enhance values and lifestyles to the socio-cultural sectors of Bangladesh [1]. Habitually, these indigenous communities have been comparable to live a large combined family to shear their lifestyles [2]. Presently the country has 45 indigenous communities who are living in different locations. All indigenous people within this country have their own style to build their settlements with special techniques to keep them safe and sound from all types of natural and environmental vulnerabilities and also enhance their knowledge of construction techniques and lifestyle. Rakhain is one of them with very small number of people are still living in different regions within the country which have their own system of building techniques. Study found that for several hundreds of years Rakhains are strictly following their indigenous prescription of house and settlement pattern. Although like other indigenous people of this country, they have mountains of problems, such as forced land occupation, lack of security and minority characteristics. Above all, forced political separation has gradually drowned them in the abysmal pit of marginal destiny. This has turned them into exiles in their own land. As a result, many of them are being forced to leave the country and as a result they misplaced their native knowledge and technique to construct. Thus, this study will initially focus on to search for the distinctiveness of their settlement pattern and building construction techniques and lifestyle. Again, in view of their problems, knowledge and experiences concerning archetype, built and house pattern, this study will finally explain how Rakhains accumulate their every distinctiveness from history and for present and future invention

Contemporary Responses to The Criticism of Islamic Banks in Malaysia

The rapid growth of Islamic banks has become a focus of all investors and consumers. Malaysia has put in a lot of effort to develop and gather acceptance from all citizens of the country for Islamic banking. Hence, throughout the sector’s expansion, there have been several critics, such asshariah scholars, investors, and consumers. For instance; a lack of shariah experts in both economics and shariah itself, interest rates as benchmark, similarities with conventional banks etc. As the Malaysian Islamic banking system is growing and expanding, as are its critics. Therefore, the main purpose of this study to provide adequate arguments on the contemporary criticisms and challenges being faced by Islamic banks in Malaysia. This study has adopted a qualitative approach; conducting semi-structured interviews and observations. The findings recognised shariah compliancy, interest rates as a benchmark, and a lack of shariah scholars are the most pertinent current issues for Islamic banks in Malaysia. Through the supports of scholars, policy makers, and consumers, these issues can be resolved over time with Islamic finance literacy. The outcome of this study may benefit policy makers, investors, Muslim consumers, as well as stakeholders of Islamic banking and finance

Human Behavior-based Personalized Meal Recommendation and Menu Planning Social System

The traditional dietary recommendation systems are basically nutrition or health-aware where the human feelings on food are ignored. Human affects vary when it comes to food cravings, and not all foods are appealing in all moods. A questionnaire-based and preference-aware meal recommendation system can be a solution. However, automated recognition of social affects on different foods and planning the menu considering nutritional demand and social-affect has some significant benefits of the questionnaire-based and preference-aware meal recommendations. A patient with severe illness, a person in a coma, or patients with locked-in syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cannot express their meal preferences. Therefore, the proposed framework includes a social-affective computing module to recognize the affects of different meals where the person's affect is detected using electroencephalography signals. EEG allows to capture the brain signals and analyze them to anticipate affective toward a food. In this study, we have used a 14-channel wireless Emotive Epoc+ to measure affectivity for different food items. A hierarchical ensemble method is applied to predict affectivity upon multiple feature extraction methods and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is used to generate a food list based on the predicted affectivity. In addition to the meal recommendation, an automated menu planning approach is also proposed considering a person's energy intake requirement, affectivity, and nutritional values of the different menus. The bin-packing algorithm is used for the personalized menu planning of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. The experimental findings reveal that the suggested affective computing, meal recommendation, and menu planning algorithms perform well across a variety of assessment parameters

GABA mediated response of aqueous, ethanol andethyl acetate extracts of Dicranopteris linearis leaf inSwiss Albino mice

Introduction: The objective of the study was to assess the potential of the leaf of Dicranopteris linearis in altering the CNS functions with three different extracts; aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate.Methods: To evaluate and compare the activities Morris maze, elevated plus maze (EPM),open field, hole cross and head dip tests were performed and many behavioral parameters wereobserved. The forced swim in Morris water maze analyzed the depression of rodents in termsof inability to self-rescue. Alongside, hole cross and open field tests assessed the inhibition oflocomotor activities. Moreover, EPM test screened the anxiolytic potential while the head dippinghole board test supported the previous experiments by evaluating both sedative, depressive andanxiolytic potentials of the extracts.Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract significantly suppressed CNS activity byreducing number of locomotor activities and increasing the stability phase (in EPM and Morrismaze) supporting mild sedation, depression and anxiolysis. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extractalso possessed moderate to high potential in reducing locomotor activities depending on gradientdoses. Results were compared with control group and found statistically significant.Conclusion: As this plant mimic the activity of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, itcan be concluded that the plant may have GABA mediated involvement in central nervous system.However, the responsible compounds for these activities are yet to be investigated and this maypotentiate a new source of drug development

Antioxidant Potential and Brine Shrimp Lethality bioassay of Spilanthes acmella Flower Extract

The current research study has been carried out to explore the antioxidant activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of different fractions from the flower extract of Spilanthes acmella. Besides, this experiment was also assessed to find out the proximate analysis and phytochemical screening by following the perfect protocol. To fractionate by soxhletion using sequential extraction techniques powdered flower of the plant were treated with different solvents including n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol and water. For the evaluation of antioxidant activity, total antioxidant capacity determination, determination of total phenolic content and total Flvonoids contents by aluminium tricholoride method were used. In addition, ascorbic acid and gallic acid was used as a standard antioxidant compound in these studies. Concerning the proximate analysis, moisture content, total ash value, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash value were found 8.6%, 3.76%, 3.30%, 3.20% respectively. To evaluate cytotoxicity, the brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used. For phytochemical screening different extract of those solvents were utilized that disclosed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, Tannins, amino acids on different fractions but the absence of reducing sugar and saponins. The results of all assay showed that all the extracts of Spilanthes acmella flower possess significant antioxidant activity. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, ethanol extract of flower effect to brine shrimp nauplii and exhibiting highest toxicity having LC50 value 1.20 μg/ml as compared to standard dimethyl sulfoxide (LC50 1.31 µg/ml). These evaluations suggest that Spilanthes acmella flowers might be a better source of antioxidants and possess important cytotoxic effect

Technical appraisal of solar home systems in Bangladesh: a field investigation

Solar Home System (SHS) based rural electrification has experienced a considerable growth in Bangladesh since the start of the Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Development Project (REREDP) in 2003. The initial target of 50,000 SHS installations in off-grid areas was achieved within 2.5 years, 3 years ahead of schedule. After achieving a revised target of 200,000 SHSs, ahead of schedule in early 2009, a new target of 1 million SHS installations by 2012 was set. The installation of about 0.5 million systems by March 2010 indicates that the current target may well be achieved before the deadline. The size of the SHS market and its impact on the regeneration of the rural economy make it necessary to investigate the quality and reliability of the installed SHSs, if the continued success of the initiative is to be maintained. This paper reports on the findings from a field-based technical appraisal of SHS installations in Bangladesh. Sixty geographically dispersed installation sites were visited. Physical characteristics of the SHSs and their system components were tested to ascertain compliance with and deviations from the approved specifications. Despite the overwhelming success of the REREDP project, the study revealed various shortcomings. Notable among these are: incompatible and sub-optimal component configurations, faulty installations and a lack of effective quality assurance mechanism. The findings are contextualized and the ways to address the identified shortcomings are discussed

Development of an End-Effector Type Therapeutic Robot with Sliding Mode Control for Upper-Limb Rehabilitation

Geriatric disorders, strokes, spinal cord injuries, trauma, and workplace injuries are all prominent causes of upper limb disability. A two-degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) end-effector type robot, iTbot (intelligent therapeutic robot) was designed to provide upper limb rehabilitation therapy. The non-linear control of iTbot utilizing modified sliding mode control (SMC) is presented in this paper. The chattering produced by a conventional SMC is undesirable for this type of robotic application because it damages the mechanical structure and causes discomfort to the robot user. In contrast to conventional SMC, our proposed method reduces chattering and provides excellent dynamic tracking performance, allowing rapid convergence of the system trajectory to its equilibrium point. The performance of the developed robot and controller was evaluated by tracking trajectories corresponding to conventional passive arm movement exercises, including several joints. According to the results of experiment, the iTbot demonstrated the ability to follow the desired trajectories effectively