Agripreneurial Intention among Young Business Graduates

The low level of public involvement in the agricultural sector in many developed and developing countries have led to a magnitude of the food security crisis. Malaysia has a large proportion of young people and has a high rate of youth unemployment. One answer is to encourage recent graduates to start businesses in the agriculture sector. This article presents data that examined the intention of the young graduate to venture into the agricultural sector, using attitude, social norms, and perceived behavioral control to solve the current food security crisis. Data was collected from young graduates who have taken business and entrepreneurship courses at the university. A self-administrated online questionnaire was designed and distributed to these young people. This study contributes to the insight into the young generation of graduates’ intention to venture into the agricultural sector as well as provides suggestions or recommendations for future studies

A non-invasive air-coupled v-type ultrasonic leak detection system

New method for non-attached ultrasound PVC pipe monitoring is proposed for vibration and pressure leak detection systems. The advantages of this method is that it can provide a quick and accurate means of detecting leakage in between each pair of sensors while transmitting results wirelessly. The selected PVC pipeline aims to present an example to fill the fundamental gap for monitoring the plastic water pipelines. The monitoring system is a modified V-type ultrasonic air-coupled and a redesign of circuitry to bring low power consumption to 2.5mw in full functionality. The operation is tested and verified in laboratory in which the system is able to recognize leakage up to 0.4mm in diameter with 94.97% accuracy even for water pressure (less than 1 bar). System alarming is also designed in a way to ignore pipe vibration as a result of changes in pressure and reduce false error significantly

Surface Functionalization of Pure-Chirality Carbon Nanotubes by Covalent and Noncovalent Chemistry

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one-dimensional cylindrical nanostructures with distinct electronic and optical properties. With all its atoms on the surface, SWCNTs have been widely explored for chemical modification through noncovalent and covalent chemistry, which can provide promising applications in bioimaging and sensing. Here we investigated surface functionalization of purechirality SWCNTs with various glycopolymers, surfactants, and RPMI cell culture media with and without fetal bovine serum (FBS). Raman, vis-NIR absorption, and vis-NIR fluorescence spectra of SWCNTs in various solvent environments were monitored over time. While nanotube aggregation was not observed for incubation in FBS containing RPMI for 8 hours, interactions of DNA-SWCNTs with biological media resulted in a PL intensity increase for (7,6) and (8,4), decrease for (10,3), (7,3), (8,3), (11,1), (9,1) and (6,4), and relatively stable for (6,5), and (9,4). Photochemistry with aryl azide chain-end functionalized glycopolymers introduces sp3 defect sites into the carbon lattice of SWCNTs. This defect-induced E11- emits light at a lower energy peak than the original E11 in the NIR region. Interestingly, an E11- peak formation was observed for (6,5) SWCNTs upon photo reaction with N-lactosyl, N-mannosyl, and NPolyacrylamide polymers.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2018/1059/thumbnail.jp

Surface Functionalization of Pure-Chirality Carbon Nanotubes by Covalent and Noncovalent Chemistry

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one-dimensional cylindrical nanostructures with distinct electronic and optical properties. With all its atoms on the surface, SWCNTs have been widely explored for chemical modification through noncovalent and covalent chemistry, which can provide promising applications in bioimaging and sensing. Here we investigated surface functionalization of purechirality SWCNTs with various glycopolymers, surfactants, and RPMI cell culture media with and without fetal bovine serum (FBS). Raman, vis-NIR absorption, and vis-NIR fluorescence spectra of SWCNTs in various solvent environments were monitored over time. While nanotube aggregation was not observed for incubation in FBS containing RPMI for 8 hours, interactions of DNA-SWCNTs with biological media resulted in a PL intensity increase for (7,6) and (8,4), decrease for (10,3), (7,3), (8,3), (11,1), (9,1) and (6,4), and relatively stable for (6,5), and (9,4). Photochemistry with aryl azide chain-end functionalized glycopolymers introduces sp3 defect sites into the carbon lattice of SWCNTs. This defect-induced E11- emits light at a lower energy peak than the original E11 in the NIR region. Interestingly, an E11- peak formation was observed for (6,5) SWCNTs upon photo reaction with N-lactosyl, N-mannosyl, and NPolyacrylamide polymers.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2018/1059/thumbnail.jp

Non-invasive application for domestic pipeline monitoring and corrosion detection

In this paper a method of assessment and control of condition for domestic pipelines is proposed and been tested for a pair. Most of the previous works has been designed for long range pipes as they may carry valuable liquids. But having a system to monitor domestic’s pipes also can help to save so much time and energy in future as leaking itself can be destructive in structures. This system is applying much lower frequency (40 kHz) in compare to other similar systems (above hundreds megahertz) which leads to lower power consumption. This ultrasonic wave is applied to short distance pipes to observe the changes and detect the leakage base on adjusted thresholds amplitude. It is able to detect smallest changes as the matter of difference in acoustic waves for healthy and damaged pipes. The alarming system works by analyzing output signals from receivers. Ultrasonic sensors are having 40 kHz central frequency for both transmitter and receiver with best responsibility at face to face condition. Acoustic sensors are working independently in pair and by dismissing one pair others will not affect continuity of data acquisition. For this paper a couple of transducer (a transmitter and receiver) operation has been investigated. By understanding the functionality of a pair can analyse show they are working in more numbers. This system is a cheap, easy to assemble, install and maintain for homes and most of public facilities such as schools, hospitals, parks, offices and business buildings. It doesn’t need any particular constriction or changes in pipeline structures

The Design and Operation of Rules of Origin in Greater Arab Free Trade Area: Challenges of Implementation and Reform

International audienceRules of origin (ROO) are pivotal element of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA). ROO are basically established to ensure that only eligible products receive preferential tariff treatment. Taking into consideration the profound implications of ROO for enhancing trade flows and facilitating the success of regional integration, this article sheds light on the way that ROO in GAFTA are designed and implemented. Moreover, the article examines the extent to which ROO still represents an obstacle to the full implementation of GAFTA. In addition, the article provides ways to overcome the most important shortcomings of ROO text in the agreement and ultimately offering possible solutions to those issues

The Design and Operation of Rules of Origin in Greater Arab Free Trade Area: Challenges of Implementation and Reform

Rules of origin (ROO) are pivotal element of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA). ROO are basically established to ensure that only eligible products receive preferential tariff treatment. Taking into consideration the profound implications of ROO for enhancing trade flows and facilitating the success of regional integration, this article sheds light on the way that ROO in GAFTA are designed and implemented. Moreover, the article examines the extent to which ROO still represents an obstacle to the full implementation of GAFTA. In addition, the article provides ways to overcome the most important shortcomings of ROO text in the agreement and ultimately offering possible solutions to those issues

MHD mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid embedded in porous medium

An analysis has been carried out to investigate the effect of magnetic field presence on the mixed convection boundary layer flow of viscoelastic fluid over a horizontal circular cylinder in a porous medium. The governing non-similar partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless forms and then solved numerically using the Keller-box method. Some important parameters have been discussed in this study which include the Prandtl number (Pr), magnetic parameter (M), viscoelastic parameter (K), porosity parameter () and the mixed convection parameters (). The results show the values of the velocity decrease when the value of viscoelastic parameter increase and the reverse trend were observe for temperature profile. Numerical results of local skin friction as well as local Nusselt number are also presented in tabular form

A hop-count and node energy based manet routing protocol

Mobile ad hoc network is a self-configuring network in which all participating nodes are mobile and consist of limited channel bandwidth and energy. Mobile devices are battery operated, and energy efficiency is a major issue for battery-operated devices in mobile ad hoc networks. Routing data packets from source to destination is the challenging task in mobile ad hoc networks due to node mobility and dynamic topology change in the network. Link failure or node energy depletion causes re-routing and establishing a new route from the source node to destination node which consumes extra node energy, reduces connectivity of the network and early partition of the network. Energy-related parameters consideration in routing is an important solution to enhance network lifetime. Several better performing routing schemes are presented and implemented for MANETs. Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is one which performs well among similar routing protocols for MANET. AODV route selection base on either lowest hop-count or fresh sequence number. Many enhancements to AODV are proposed, which represents a better performance in comparison with original protocol. However, in a large network different paths to the destination could be found with the same hop-count. When efficiency is deliberated for those paths in quickly data transmission, each path performance varies in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio due to the mobility of the nodes in the network. AODV routing protocol and enhancements suggested by other researchers do not give attention to such cases, and this paper proposes Hop-count and Node Energy based Routing Protocol (HNERP) which uses a multi-function routing strategy that incorporates with hop-count and node energy while making the routing decision. The proposed protocol is simulated by using NS2 and results show that HNERP performs better in term of packet delivery ratio and throughput, moreover it increases network lifetime and reduces end-to-end delay