Lexical Squad@Multimodal Hate Speech Event Detection 2023: Multimodal Hate Speech Detection using Fused Ensemble Approach

With a surge in the usage of social media postings to express opinions, emotions, and ideologies, there has been a significant shift towards the calibration of social media as a rapid medium of conveying viewpoints and outlooks over the globe. Concurrently, the emergence of a multitude of conflicts between two entities has given rise to a stream of social media content containing propaganda, hate speech, and inconsiderate views. Thus, the issue of monitoring social media postings is rising swiftly, attracting major attention from those willing to solve such problems. One such problem is Hate Speech detection. To mitigate this problem, we present our novel ensemble learning approach for detecting hate speech, by classifying text-embedded images into two labels, namely "Hate Speech" and "No Hate Speech". We have incorporated state-of-art models including InceptionV3, BERT, and XLNet. Our proposed ensemble model yielded promising results with 75.21 and 74.96 as accuracy and F-1 score (respectively). We also present an empirical evaluation of the text-embedded images to elaborate on how well the model was able to predict and classify. We release our codebase here (https://github.com/M0hammad-Kashif/MultiModalHateSpeech).Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 4 table

Co-Designing Statistical MIMO Radar and In-band Full-Duplex Multi-User MIMO Communications

We consider a spectral sharing problem in which a statistical (or widely distributed) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radar and an in-band full-duplex (IBFD) multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) communications system concurrently operate within the same frequency band. Prior works on joint MIMO-radar-MIMO-communications (MRMC) systems largely focus on either colocated MIMO radars, half-duplex MIMO communications, single-user scenarios, omit practical constraints, or MRMC co-existence that employs separate transmit/receive units. In this paper, we present a co-design framework that addresses all of these issues. In particular, we jointly design the statistical MIMO radar codes, uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) precoders of in-band full-duplex multi-user MIMO communications, and corresponding receive filters using our proposed metric of compounded-and-weighted sum mutual information. This formulation includes practical constraints of UL/DL transmit powers, UL/DL quality-of-service, and peak-to-average-power ratio. We solve the resulting highly non-convex problem through a combination of block coordinate descent and alternating projection methods. Extensive numerical experiments show that our methods achieve monotonic convergence in a few iterations, improve radar target detection over conventional codes, and yield a higher achievable data rate than standard precoders.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

A Fast Effective Greedy Approach for MU-MIMO Beam Selection in mm-Wave and THz Communications

This paper addresses the beam-selection challenges in Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) beamforming for mm-wave and THz channels, focusing on the pivotal aspect of spectral efficiency (SE) and computational efficiency. We introduce a novel approach, the Greedy Interference-Optimized Singular Vector Beam-selection (G-IOSVB) algorithm, which offers a strategic balance between high SE and low computational complexity. Our study embarks on a comparative analysis of G-IOSVB against the traditional IOSVB and the exhaustive Singular-Vector Beamspace Search (SVBS) algorithms. The findings reveal that while SVBS achieves the highest SE, it incurs significant computational costs, approximately 162 seconds per channel realization. In contrast, G-IOSVB aligns closely with IOSVB in SE performance yet is markedly more computationally efficient. Heatmaps vividly demonstrate this efficiency, highlighting G-IOSVB's reduced computation time without sacrificing SE. We also delve into the mathematical intricacies of G-IOSVB, demonstrating its theoretical and practical superiority through rigorous expressions and detailed algorithmic analysis. The numerical results illustrate that G-IOSVB stands out as an efficient, practical solution for MU-MIMO systems, making it a promising candidate for high-speed, high-efficiency wireless communication networks.Comment: Accepted for Lecture presentation at the 58th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, to be held at Princeton University from March 13-15, 202

Quality issues related to the design and construction stage of a project in the Indian construction industry

Purpose – Quality in the construction industry is an important issue yet ignored during the initial stages of the life cycle of a project, that is, the design and construction stage. The contribution of stakeholders, especially the architects is generally suspended though it has huge significance in terms of cost and time related to quality. This research endeavors to examine the issues related to the design and construction stages of the project from architects' purview, to understand the relative importance of these issues in the Indian construction industry. Design/methodology/approach – The study of qualitative data conducted formed a basis for online quantitative data collection that was further analyzed with the help of cross-tabulation and multiple correspondence analysis methods. Findings – The study concludes that the budget of a project is a corresponding factor related to quality concern for architects. The study also established that the quality issues corresponding to high budgets are closely related to the construction stage and are identified as preparation of checklist, and bidding process of hiring the contractor on the lowest bid. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to analyzing the perspective of architects; however, other stakeholders of the construction industry may represent a different opinion. Practical implications – This research emphasizes the importance of the client's role, and need for integration and coordination among stakeholders in the construction industry for effective quality control and management. Originality/value – The research presents an exhaustive literature review on quality issues and its importance with respect to cost implications, standard practices, sustainability and the life cycle of the project

Filter Bubbles in Recommender Systems: Fact or Fallacy -- A Systematic Review

A filter bubble refers to the phenomenon where Internet customization effectively isolates individuals from diverse opinions or materials, resulting in their exposure to only a select set of content. This can lead to the reinforcement of existing attitudes, beliefs, or conditions. In this study, our primary focus is to investigate the impact of filter bubbles in recommender systems. This pioneering research aims to uncover the reasons behind this problem, explore potential solutions, and propose an integrated tool to help users avoid filter bubbles in recommender systems. To achieve this objective, we conduct a systematic literature review on the topic of filter bubbles in recommender systems. The reviewed articles are carefully analyzed and classified, providing valuable insights that inform the development of an integrated approach. Notably, our review reveals evidence of filter bubbles in recommendation systems, highlighting several biases that contribute to their existence. Moreover, we propose mechanisms to mitigate the impact of filter bubbles and demonstrate that incorporating diversity into recommendations can potentially help alleviate this issue. The findings of this timely review will serve as a benchmark for researchers working in interdisciplinary fields such as privacy, artificial intelligence ethics, and recommendation systems. Furthermore, it will open new avenues for future research in related domains, prompting further exploration and advancement in this critical area.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures and 5 table

Qualitative analysis on watermarking algorithm for large resolution camera phone image

The Digital Water Marking (DWM) algorithm is used to serve security of image, audio and video data. Now days, it has been being used to keep the privacy and resist the intruders and piracy. Our mobile phone is a very important personal material for daily choir. We keep personal data and can pick photo and store it in our cell memory. Sometimes important personal photos could be copied or taken by others via blue tooth. To resist such kind of intruding it’s important to have a security system in those mobile phones. Beside that the robustness and strong security are also needed by using easy techniques. The aim of this paper is to analyze on a Robust Watermark Technique (RWT) which can be easier; more secured and can be embedded by mobile phone itself. It will have invisible water mark and any size will be easily embedded by the software

A CNN based Multifaceted Signal Processing Framework for Heart Rate Proctoring Using Millimeter Wave Radar Ballistocardiography

The recent pandemic has refocused the medical world's attention on the diagnostic techniques associated with cardiovascular disease. Heart rate provides a real-time snapshot of cardiovascular health. A more precise heart rate reading provides a better understanding of cardiac muscle activity. Although many existing diagnostic techniques are approaching the limits of perfection, there remains potential for further development. In this paper, we propose MIBINET, a convolutional neural network for real-time proctoring of heart rate via inter-beat-interval (IBI) from millimeter wave (mm-wave) radar ballistocardiography signals. This network can be used in hospitals, homes, and passenger vehicles due to its lightweight and contactless properties. It employs classical signal processing prior to fitting the data into the network. Although MIBINET is primarily designed to work on mm-wave signals, it is found equally effective on signals of various modalities such as PCG, ECG, and PPG. Extensive experimental results and a thorough comparison with the current state-of-the-art on mm-wave signals demonstrate the viability and versatility of the proposed methodology. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, contactless measurement, heart rate, IBI, mm-wave radar, neural networkComment: 13 pages, 10 figures, Submitted to Elsevier's Array Journa

Efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration of Solanum lycopersicum and assessment genetic uniformity using flow cytometry and SPAR methods

24 p.-4 fig.-6 tab.In the present study, we develop an efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration system for two cultivars viz., Jamila and Tomaland of Solanum lycopersicum L., an economically important vegetable crop throughout the world. Sterilization of seeds with 2.5 % (v/v) NaOCl was found to be most effective, about 97 % of seeds germinated on cotton in magenta box moistened with sterile half strength (½)Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Regeneration efficiency of cotyledonary leaf (CL) and cotyledonary node (CN) explants derived from 08 days old aseptic seedling were assessed on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins and cytokinin. CL explants were found more responsive in comparison to CN in both the cultivars. Types of basal media were also assessed and found to have a significant effect on shoot regeneration. Highest regeneration frequency and maximum number of shoots were standardized from CL explants on MS medium supplied with 6- benzyl adenine (BA; 5.0 µM), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 2.5 µM) and Kinetin (Kin; 10.0 µM). In vitro regenerated microshoots were rooted on ½MS medium containing 0.5 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Regenerated plantlets with well-developed roots and shoot system were successfully acclimated to ex vitro condition. Genetic uniformity of tissue culture raised plantlets was first time evaluated using flow cytometry and single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) methods viz., DAMD and ISSR. No significant changes in ploidy level and nuclear DNA content profile were observed between in vitro propagated plants and normal plants of both the cultivars. Similarly, the SPAR analysis also revealed monomorphic banding patterns in regenerated plantlets of S. lycopersicum verifying their genetic uniformity and clonal fidelity. This efficient regeneration system can be used as a fast and reproducible method for genetic transformation of this important vegetable crop.This project was funded by the National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Award Number 12-BIO2919-02.Peer reviewe

Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps with Its Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Potential

Cordyceps is a rare naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus usually found at high altitudes on the Himalayan plateau and a well-known medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps contains various bioactive components, out of which, cordycepin is considered most vital, due to its utmost therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential. Moreover, the structure similarity of cordycepin with adenosine makes it an important bioactive component, with difference of only hydroxyl group, lacking in the 3′ position of its ribose moiety. Cordycepin is known for various nutraceutical and therapeutic potential, such as anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, antiviral, hepato-protective, hypo-sexuality, cardiovascular diseases, antimalarial, anti-osteoporotic, anti-arthritic, cosmeceutical etc. which makes it a most valuable medicinal mushroom for helping in maintaining good health. In this review, effort has been made to bring altogether the possible wide range of cordycepin’s nutraceutical potential along with its pharmacological actions and possible mechanism. Additionally, it also summarizes the details of cordycepin based nutraceuticals predominantly available in the market with expected global value. Moreover, this review will attract the attention of food scientists, nutritionists, pharmaceutical and food industries to improve the use of bioactive molecule cordycepin for nutraceutical purposes with commercialization to aid and promote healthy lifestyle, wellness and wellbeing