Effects of magnetite nanoparticles on soybean chlorophyll.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as one of the most innovative and promising application in agriculture. Since plants are recognized as essential component of all ecosystems, the effects of NPs on plants may pave a new insight to the ecosystems. Here, uptake and translocation of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), with various surface charges, on soybean has been probed; in addition, the effects of SPIONs on variations of chlorophyll, in hydroponic condition, together with their ability for reduction of iron deficiency chlorosis were explored. We find that SPIONs, which were entered and translocated in the soybean, increased chlorophyll levels, with no trace of toxicity. Furthermore, it was found that physicochemical characteristics of the SPIONs had a crucial role on the enhancement of chlorophyll content in subapical leaves of soybean. The equivalent ratio of chlorophyll a to b, in all treatments with conventional growth medium iron chelate and SPIONs (as iron source), indicated no significant difference on the photosynthesis efficiency. Finally, it was observed that the effect of SPIONs on the soybean chlorophyll content may have influence on both biochemical and enzymatic efficiency in different stages of the photosynthesis reactions

Effects of magnetite nanoparticles on soybean chlorophyll.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as one of the most innovative and promising application in agriculture. Since plants are recognized as essential component of all ecosystems, the effects of NPs on plants may pave a new insight to the ecosystems. Here, uptake and translocation of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), with various surface charges, on soybean has been probed; in addition, the effects of SPIONs on variations of chlorophyll, in hydroponic condition, together with their ability for reduction of iron deficiency chlorosis were explored. We find that SPIONs, which were entered and translocated in the soybean, increased chlorophyll levels, with no trace of toxicity. Furthermore, it was found that physicochemical characteristics of the SPIONs had a crucial role on the enhancement of chlorophyll content in subapical leaves of soybean. The equivalent ratio of chlorophyll a to b, in all treatments with conventional growth medium iron chelate and SPIONs (as iron source), indicated no significant difference on the photosynthesis efficiency. Finally, it was observed that the effect of SPIONs on the soybean chlorophyll content may have influence on both biochemical and enzymatic efficiency in different stages of the photosynthesis reactions

Comparison of different otolith shape descriptors and morphometrics for the identification of closely related species of Lutjanus spp. from the Persian Gulf

13 pages, 6 figures, 2 tablesThe anatomical and morphometric (shape indices, contour descriptors and otolith weight) characterizations of sagittal otoliths were investigated in 11 species of Lutjanus spp. inhabiting the Persian Gulf. This is the first study that compares the efficiency of three different image analysis techniques for discriminating species based on the shape of the outer otolith contour, including elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFD), fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform (WT). Sagittal otoliths of snappers are morphologically similar with some small specific variations. The use of otolith contour based on wavelets (WT) provided the best results in comparison with the two other methods based on Fourier descriptors, but only the combination of the all three methods (EFD, FFT and WT) was useful to obtain a robust classification of species. The species prediction improved when otolith weight was included. In relation to the shape indices, only the aspect ratio provided a clear grouping of speciesThis work has been supported by the MICIN CTM2010-19701 (AFORO3D project). The anonymous reviewers provided many helpful comments on both the structure and analysis of an earlier version of the report. Their comments resulted in a much improved manuscript and their assistance is appreciated. Dr Victor Tuset is worker of CSIC within the modality ‘JAE-Postdoc’ of Programme ‘Junta para la Ampliacio´n de Estudios’ co-funded by the European Social FoundationPeer reviewe

Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Soybean Chlorophyll

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as one of the most innovative and promising application in agriculture. Since plants are recognized as essential component of all ecosystems, the effects of NPs on plants may pave a new insight to the ecosystems. Here, uptake and translocation of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), with various surface charges, on soybean has been probed; in addition, the effects of SPIONs on variations of chlorophyll, in hydroponic condition, together with their ability for reduction of iron deficiency chlorosis were explored. We find that SPIONs, which were entered and translocated in the soybean, increased chlorophyll levels, with no trace of toxicity. Furthermore, it was found that physicochemical characteristics of the SPIONs had a crucial role on the enhancement of chlorophyll content in subapical leaves of soybean. The equivalent ratio of chlorophyll a to b, in all treatments with conventional growth medium iron chelate and SPIONs (as iron source), indicated no significant difference on the photosynthesis efficiency. Finally, it was observed that the effect of SPIONs on the soybean chlorophyll content may have influence on both biochemical and enzymatic efficiency in different stages of the photosynthesis reactions

Otolith Atlas from the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea Fishes

58 pages, figures, tablesThe biodiversity of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea is unique: corals, dugongs, birds, sea turtles, oysters, jellyfish, sea star, sea cucumber, anemones, fishes, crabs and many other species even whales and whale sharks live in this marine ecosystem. In this atlas, we show the result of 6 years of labour collecting fish samples and more than 1 year collaborating of scientists from Iran and Spai