Design and Development of LapBot: An Interactive Mobile Game for Mastering Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Major bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) are a significant source of morbidity, mortality, disability, and healthcare costs. These injuries are primarily due to errors in surgical judgment and visual misperception of critical anatomy and tissue planes. To facilitate learning of safe LC we designed and developed LapBot Safe Chole, a novel mobile game integrating artificial intelligence (AI) feedback to enhance intraoperative decision-making during LC training. LapBot Safe Chole offers an engaging learning experience through short video clips of LC scenarios. Users identify optimal dissection zones, with real-time AI-generated annotations delivering accuracy scores and immediate feedback. The game comprises five progressively challenging levels aligned with the Parkland grading scale. Progression to the next level necessitates over 50% accuracy across five consecutive responses. Beta-testing (n = 22) results indicate improvement in game scores with each round, with attendings and senior trainees reaching top-scores earlier than junior residents per level. Our testing also showed that candidates can be distinguished by their learning curves and learning progression which can facilitate a competency-based curriculum. A statistically significant correlation (p=0.003) between user experience and score was observed. Furthermore, user feedback highlighted the game’s ease of use (80% agreement) and its effectiveness in making learning enjoyable (100% agreement). LapBot Safe Chole introduces and reinforces safe LC principles through an easily accessible and free gaming platform. Positive beta-testing outcomes suggest its potential adoption among surgical trainees. Future directions involve broader validation

Spectrophotometric determination of the acidity constants of calcon in water and mixed water–organic solvents

The acid–base properties of calcon (1-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid) in water and mixed water–organic solvents at 25 °C at an ionic strength of 0.10 M are studied by a multiwavelength spectrophotometric method. The organic solvents used were the amphiprotic (methanol), dipolar aprotic (dimethylsulfoxide), and low basic aprotic (acetonitrile). To evaluate the pH absorbance data, a resolution method based on the combination of soft- and hard-modeling was applied. The acidity constants of all related equilibria were estimated using the whole spectral fitting of the collected data to an established factor analysis model. The data analysis program Datan was applied for determination of the acidity constants. The corresponding pKa values were determined in water and mixed water–organic solvents. Linear relationship between the acidity constants and the mole fraction of the different sol-vents in the mixtures exist. The effect of solvent properties on acid–base behavior is discussed

Identifying Common Elements of Evidence – Based Psychological Treatments for Females with Extramarital Experience

Introduction: The therapeutic consequences of extramarital relationships is a difficult issue amongtherapists, so majority of clinicians are faced with several challenges. Although, they are not able toconceptualize and modify these issues with a suitable and recognized approach, the purpose of thisstudy was to identify common elements of psychological evidence-based therapies in order todevelop multi-dimensional intervention for females involved in extramarital relationships.Method: This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was a qualitative content analysisto identify factors influencing the extramarital relations in three steps. The second phase aimed todesign and develop multi-dimensional treatments using common elements identified in the firststudy. This procedure conducted according to Garland et al., method.Result: Sixty-four effective factors identified in four categories: individual’s personality, familyeducational, cultural-social and religious-beliefs. In the second phase , 13 effective therapeuticapproaches in the treatment of extramarital relationships were selected. Finally, 10 commontherapeutic elements were developed to design a protocol for extramarital relationships involvedfemales.Conclusion: This treatment emphasized on helping women with the experience of extramaritalrelationship who want to save their marital commitment and family.Declaration of Interest: Non

Comparative biodiversity and effect of different media on growth and astaxanthin content of nine geographical strains of Haematococcus pluvialis

Haematococcus pluvialis is a unicellular green volvocale alga living in temporary shallow freshwater ponds. It has many applications for humans, poultry and fishes due to its ability to produce astaxanthin. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity and growth of nine strains of H. pluvialis originating from three countries: Iran, USA and Finland in distinct growth media (Bold, NIES, OHM, Mixotroph and COMBO) and their molecular marker investigation. The biomass, astaxanthin and chlorophyll concentration were determined in all strains. The results of this study showed that Mixotroph growth medium produced the highest biomass of 0.577 g dry weight/l followed by COMBO and OHM media, respectively. However, the highest astaxanthin concentration was obtained from COMBO and OHM growth media and Iran4 and USA3 strains. Hence, the Mixotroph is suitable for biomass production and OHM or COMBO is appropriate for astaxanthin production; so two steps cultivation is feasible to produce astaxanthin. The results depicted geographical differentiations of the strains with Iran4 and USA2 strains producing the highest biomass and Finland2 strain showing the slowest one. The inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers were used as suitable tools for the purpose of finding out genetic variations and genetic discrimination of H. pluvialis strains. This technique differentiated the strains based on their geographical status.Key words: Haematococcus, growth medium, strain, astaxanthin, biomass, geographical, molecular marker

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Investment Efficiency

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on the investment efficiency. The evidence reveals that corporate social responsibility disclosure decreases investment inefficiency and consequently increases investment efficiency. Content analysis method was used to measure levels of corporate social responsibility disclosure. A sample of 90 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010 to 2015 were selected. Multiple regression models based on panel data techniques were used to test the research hypotheses. The independent variable in this study is corporate social responsibility disclosure and Investment efficiency is dependent variable. The findings indicate that social responsibility disclosure will improve investment efficiency in firms. This result is consistent with the expectation that high CSR firms enjoy low information asymmetry and high stakeholder solidarity (stakeholder theory). Taken together, the findings highlight the important role that CSR plays in shaping firms’ investment behavior and efficiency

The emerging role of long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, and an accelerated epigenetic age in Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease with variable clinical manifestations. Recent studies highlighted the contribution of epigenetic alterations to HD progress and onset. The potential crosstalk between different epigenetic layers and players such as aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs and methylation alterations has been found to affect the pathogenesis of HD or mediate the effects of trinucleotide expansion in its pathophysiology. Also, microRNAs have been assessed for their roles in the modulation of HD manifestations, among them are miR-124, miR-128a, hsa-miR-323b-3p, miR-432, miR-146a, miR-19a, miR-27a, miR-101, miR-9*, miR-22, miR-132, and miR-214. Moreover, long non-coding RNAs such as DNM3OS, NEAT1, Meg3, and Abhd11os are suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of HD. An accelerated DNA methylation age is another epigenetic signature reported recently for HD. The current literature search collected recent findings of dysregulation of miRNAs or lncRNAs as well as methylation changes and epigenetic age in HD

Psychometric evaluation of the health-seeking behavior scale based on Kroeger’s model for elective cardiac interventions

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is one of the two most commonly used interventions for Myocardial Reperfusion. Studies suggest that the existence and direction of the effect of the factors affecting health-seeking behavior depend on the context of each society. Thus, this study aimed to introduce and validate a tool for investigating the factors affecting the health-seeking behavior of patients requiring a cardiovascular intervention as a prerequisite for planning and policymaking.   Methods: By reviewing the literature and questionnaires previously used in the field of health-seeking behavior and the patient's decision-making process, a set of related questions was collected based on Kroeger’s model variables. Ten content experts were requested to evaluate each item and then content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were calculated and used for instrument modification. Participants were included through a convenience sampling procedure. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess construct validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure instrument reliability.   Results: Of the 142 participants, 79 (55.5%) were male. Through the validation process, a hierarchical model with four factors and 20 items with three error covariance (accounting for 63.06 present of outcome variable variation) was confirmed. Also, an examination of the four constructs obtained with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.8 indicating acceptable reliability.   Conclusion: Findings suggest that the designed scale of health-seeking behavior based on Kroeger’s model is a reliable and valid scale among the Iranian population

Caspian Sea’s Navicula salinicola Hustedt 1939 and effect of the prolonged culture on its fatty acid profile

Diatoms are a potent source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study was conducted for screening a Naviculoid diatom strains from the southern Caspian Sea with analyzing its lipid production and accumulation potentials. The isolate was identified as Navicula salinicola strain IBRC-M 5083 based on micro-morphological characterization and analysis of 18S rRNA genomic region. Navicula salinicola were cultured in the f/2 medium under both normal and prolonged culture (21 days) conditions. Total lipid percentages of this strain were found to be 31.83% under normal condition and 43.72±1.4% in prolonged culture respectively on the basis of their dry cell weight (DCW). Also, the oil droplets were detected in 21 days’ cells as shown by Sudan Black B staining experiments. Furthermore, the main fatty acids were found by Gas Chromatography analyses of this strain under prolonged condition to be Eicosapentaenoic acid (25.58%TFA). Such oil accumulation capabilities seem to be promising for performing further studies on this strain as a source of Omega-3 in aquafeed, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries