Language Plays a Pivotal Role in the Object-Attribute Compositional Generalization of CLIP

Vision-language models, such as CLIP, have shown promising Out-of-Distribution (OoD) generalization under various types of distribution shifts. Recent studies attempted to investigate the leading cause of this capability. In this work, we follow the same path, but focus on a specific type of OoD data - images with novel compositions of attribute-object pairs - and study whether such models can successfully classify those images into composition classes. We carefully designed an authentic image test dataset called ImageNet-AO, consisting of attributes for objects that are unlikely encountered in the CLIP training sets. We found that CLIPs trained with large datasets such as OpenAI CLIP, LAION-400M, and LAION-2B show orders-of-magnitude improvement in effective compositional OoD generalization compared to both supervised models and CLIPs trained with smaller datasets, such as CC-12M and YFCC-15M. Our results provide evidence that the scale and diversity of training data and language supervision play a key role in unlocking the compositional generalization abilities of vision-language models.Comment: Oral accepted at OODCV 2023(http://www.ood-cv.org

Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesising, Characterizing and Reviewing Novel Application in Recent Years

AbstractIn this paper we report the synthesis of gold nanoparticles during laser ablation of a metal gold plate in distilled water. The experiments were performed with a first harmonic (1064nm, 6ns, 10Hz) output of a Nd:YAG laser varying the operative fluency between 5Jcm-2 and 15Jcm-2. The results indicate that gold nanoparticles are synthesized at room temperature.In this paper we give an overview of the properties of gold relevant to its potential application in molecular-scale devices absorption spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were employed to determine the optical properties and size of gold nanoparticles. And novel applications of gold nanoparticles have been studied in various fields

Behavioral and Emotional Components of Chaste Lifestyle

A chaste lifestyle is one of the various types of lifestyle that contains a wide scope and studies the characteristics of interpersonal relationships. This lifestyle consists of the principles and rules that create and maintain chastity in various areas of life. In order to study the behavioral and emotional components of the chaste lifestyle with an approach to Islamic sources, this study has been conducted using analytical and descriptive methods. The findings show that not showing off, avoiding stimulating factors, satisfying sexual needs in chaste contexts, having synergism for success in maintaining chastity, contenting with possessions and protecting them, creating and increasing chaste behaviors, and reducing and eliminating anti-chastity wrong behaviors are among the most important behavioral components of a chaste lifestyle in Islamic sources. Furthermore, by control of fear and anxiety about chaste decisions and actions, interest in a healthy life and a bright future, repentance from past errors, expectation and enthusiasm for evolution and development, happiness and satisfaction of moving on the valuable path to chastity, affection and love for Allah, optimism and hope for His help, and strength of modesty and correct control and guidance of sexual emotions, we can achieve the emotional components of a chaste lifestyle

Study Skills in Bachelor Students in the School of Public Health, Yazd, 2006

Background & Objective : One of the most important factors which prevent students from achieving their attempts’ desirable result is lack of study skills. Study skills are effective on decreasing tiredness and anxiety, saving time and increasing students’ motivation, leading to better learning and educational improvement. This study was conducted to evaluate the students’ study skills and to determine educational priorities in order to hold improving study skills classes. Methods : In this descriptive study, all bachelor students in Yazd school of public health (240 students) participated. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. 192 questionnaires were completed and returned. Results : According to our findings, the mean (±SD) score of all 30 study skills was 20.1(±4.2). The highest mean score (±SD) which was 5.1(±1.2) belonged to taking class notes while the lowest mean score which was 2.6(±1.3) belonged to time management. Most of the students’ study skills were of moderate level (54.7 %) and 30.7% were weak whereas only 30.7% were considered good. The mean daily studying duration was 2.5 hours. There was no significant statistical relationship between study skills and age, sex, field of study, semester, doing morning or evening courses, daily studying duration, and Grade Point Average of the previous term. Conclusion : As only 30.7% of all students were considered good regarding study skills, it is suggested to hold organized and continuous educational courses to improve study skills. Defined factors in this study are time management, taking exam, concentration, reading and taking notes, in order of priority. Keywords: Study skill, Student, School of public health

A data-based stability-preserving model order reduction method for hyperbolic partial differential equations

This paper proposes a data-based approach for model order reduction that preserves incremental stability properties. Existing data-based approaches do typically not preserve such incremental system properties, especially for nonlinear systems. As a result, instability of the constructed model commonly occurs for inputs outside the training set, which seriously limits the usefulness of such models. Therefore, we propose to construct incrementally stable or incrementally ℓ2-gain stable reduced-order nonlinear models to ensure robustness for a broad class of (bounded) input signals. Hereto, nonlinear discrete-time state-space equations are fitted to input-state-output data, obtained by simulations with the original model. We conjecture that certain classes of hyperbolic partial differential equations enjoy such incremental stability properties. Given the fact that complexity reduction in such PDE models is desirable, we employ the developed data-based reduction method to the discretized version of the hyperbolic equations thereby preserving the incremental stability features of the original system. In particular, this method is applied to a linear advection equation, for which stability properties are proved analytically. Finally, simulation results show the successful application of the method to the nonlinear Burgers’ equation.</p

The Effect of Geological Formations on the Drinking Quality of Groundwater Resources of Arandan Rural Complex, Sanandaj, Iran

Given the water crisis and the importance of access to suitable and potable quality water in the country, especially in recent decades, it is crucial to study the water quality and identify the factors affecting quality reduction for optimal planning. In most rural areas of Iran, aquifers are the most important sources of drinking water supply, whose water quality is affected by natural and human factors. Among the natural factors are geological formations and among human factors are pollutants related to industrial units, urban activities, and agricultural activities in each region. In the present study, it was attempted to establish a relationship between geology and the quality of groundwater resources in order to assess the quality of drinking water. In order to validate the research results, by conducting field studies, the geology, geomorphology of the region, and possible sources of contaminants were identified. Then, through laboratory tests, chemical properties of water such as pH, TDS, total hardness, amount of anions, cations and turbidity of the water of the main well of Arandan complex and three secondary water supply sources in the region (well of Arandan village, Cheshmeh Soofian spring, and Navareh spring) were determined. In the next step, using CHIMESTRY and EXCEL software, water classification was performed and the type of water and type of source stone were determined. According to the classification, the groundwater type of the area is calcium-magnesium bicarbonate, which is associated with calcareous formations and carbonate sediments spread in the heights of the area. The results showed that out of the four samples studied, the main water supply well of Arandan, Soofian and Navareh water supply complexes were suitable for drinking; the well water of Arandan village, despite being affected by the geology of the region, was found to be unsuitable for drinking due to its unfavorable location and location in the vicinity of rural sewage wells and containing excess nitrate