Taxonomic significance of trichomes micromorphology in cucurbits

AbstractStudies on trichomes micromorphology using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were undertaken in 23 species with one variety under 13 genera of the family Cucurbitaceae (viz., Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naudin, Cucumis sativus L., Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, Edgaria dargeelingensis C.B. Clarke, Gynostemma burmanicum King ex Chakr., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, Gynostemma pubescens (Gagnep.) C.Y. Wu, Hemsleya dipterygia Kuang & A.M. Lu, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., Luffa cylindrica M. Roem., Luffa echinata Roxb., Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn., Melothria leucocarpa (Blume) Cogn., Melothria maderspatana (L.) Cogn., Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Thladiantha cordifolia (Blume) Cogn., Trichosanthes cucumerina L., T. cucumerina var. anguina (L.) Haines, Trichosanthes dioica Roxb., Trichosanthes lepiniana (Naudin) Cogn. and T. tricuspidata Lour.). The trichomes in the family Cucurbitaceae vary from unicellular to multicellular, conical to elongated, smooth to ridges, with or without flattened disk at base and cyctolithic appendages, thin to thick walled, curved at apices to blunt. Trichomes micromorphology in the family Cucurbitaceae was found significant taxonomically

Failure load of monolithic and veneered Y-TZP and glass ceramic subjected to aging and fatigue

OBJECTIVES: Objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the failure load and mode of failure of aged (4 years) monolithic and veneered Y-TZP and glass ceramic subjected to static loading, cyclic loading, and thermo-cycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2 ceramic materials were used: Vita In-Ceram YZ and IPS e. max CAD. Each material was designed into 60 veneered copings and 30 monolithic crowns (180 specimens). 10 specimens per group were loaded under compression using an Instron universal testing machine at a rate of 0.5 mm/minute until fracture. Another 10 specimens were subjected to cyclic loading (chewing simulation) in a water bath for 50,000 cycles at a frequency of 1 Hz at 30% of the mean failure load, and then were loaded under compression to fracture. Another 10 specimens were subjected to a thermo-cycling test, then loaded under compression to fracture. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test at α=0.05. RESULTS: The mean failure load (standard deviation) values for veneered zirconia and e.max CAD copings and monolithic zirconia and e.max CAD crowns under static loading were: In-Ceram YZ 14830 N (2494), VM9 2491 N (1047), PM9 3909 N (783), IPS e.max CAD 4197 N (1011), IPS e. max Ceram 1206 N (296), IPS e.max press 2949 N (710). The values for veneered standard zirconia and e.max CAD copings and monolithic zirconia and e.max CAD crowns after cyclic fatigue were: In-Ceram YZ 11039 N (2720), VM9 2849 N (840), PM9 3170 N (1156), IPS e.max CAD 3539 N (526), IPS e. max Ceram 1291 N (1051), IPS e.max press 3093 N (742). For veneered standard zirconia and e.max CAD copings and monolithic zirconia and e.max CAD crowns after thermo- cycling: In-Ceram YZ 15695 N (1517), VM9 3177 N (816), PM9 2860 N (783), IPS e.max CAD 4265 N (681), IPS e. max Ceram 1149 N (375), IPS e.max press 2832 N (717). There was a significant difference in failure load between veneered and monolithic ceramic crowns subjected to static loading, cyclic loading, and thermo-cycling, and a significant difference in the mode of failure between veneered or monolithic crowns. CONCLUSIONS: 1. There was a significant difference in the static failure load of different veneered (Hand layered and pressed-on) YTZP zirconia and e.max CAD copings, monolithic YTZP zirconia, and e.max CAD Crowns, (p < 0.05). 2. The highest static failure loads were shown by high strength monolithic (In-Ceram YZ) material, which were more resistant to cyclic loading compared to other veneered and monolithic systems. 3. The failure load of IPS e.max ceram group was significantly the lowest compared to all other groups. 4. The failure load data for IPS e.max CAD and Vita In-Ceram YZ structures revealed a significant difference in the effect of these structures on the failure loads (p < 0.05). Comparing structures, monolithic Vita In-Ceram YZ crowns showed the highest failure load. 5. There was a significant difference in failure mode among various veneered and monolithic systems (p 0.05).2020-10-24T00:00:00

Towards Urban City with Sustainable Buildings: A Model for Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Dhaka has experienced high economic growth escorted by rapid urbanization. Physical infrastructures of Dhaka city growing day by day with the swiftness of rapid urbanization. It revealed that most of the physical infrastructures i.e. buildings of Dhaka city did not follow the characteristics of sustainability resulting significant threats to well beings.  In this perspective, ensuring sustainability in building is time worthy issue in Bangladesh. This paper tried to address the issues of sustainable building as well as propose a sustainable and smart design which will swathe criteria of environment, social and economic sustainability for Dhaka city. If the majority of the objects of proposed design are met, the building will be more probable to meet the changing requirements of the settlers, as well as make it a more sustainable, protected, secure, efficient and environmentally friendly place in which to stay. Keywords: Dhaka city, Smart materials, Sustainable design, Sustainable building

Rank vertex cover as a natural problem for algebraic compression

The question of the existence of a polynomial kernelization of the Vertex Cover Above LP problem was a long-standing, notorious open problem in parameterized complexity. Some years ago, the breakthrough work by Kratsch and Wahlström on representative sets finally answered this question in the affirmative [FOCS 2012]. In this paper, we present an alternative, algebraic compression of the Vertex Cover Above LP problem into the Rank Vertex Cover problem. Here, the input consists of a graph $G$, a parameter $k$, and a bijection between $V(G)$ and the set of columns of a representation of a matroid $M$, and the objective is to find a vertex cover whose rank is upper bounded by $k$.publishedVersio

Autonóm járművek sávtartásának hatása a pályaszerkezet méretezésre - irodalomkutatás: Effect of lane keeping of autonomous vehicles on road pavement design – literature review

Logistics and freight operators are aiming to bring innovation and efficiency in the current market. Operators have joined hands with the vehicle manufacturers to bring the hassle-free autonomous system to life. Although this new development would bring benefits in terms of safety, economy, highway capacity and efficiency, the effect of usage of autonomous trucks on pavement performance needs to be addressed deeply. Most of the AV technologies mentioned in this review are based on autonomous trucks since the aim of this study is to collect the literature review of the effects of autonomous trucks on pavement performance. Based on the literature, lateral wandering of trucks is one of the fundamental parameters that affect pavement performance. Human-driven autonomous trucks have known to follow a normal distribution of wandering within a lane. On the other hand, autonomous trucks would navigate the lane with zero wander, which would require less lane width but due to zero wander, channelized loading will come into effect which will accelerate pavement rutting and fatigue cracking. This report consists of a comprehensive literature review of current AV technologies, review of the effects of the wandering of human-driven vehicles and autonomous trucks on pavement performance. A detailed review regarding how the lateral wandering of human-driven trucks is quantified and different methodologies to determine the lateral wandering of human-driven trucks is mentioned herein. Kivonat A logisztikusok és árufuvarozók célja, hogy az innovációs ötletek mellett a legnagyobb hatékonyságot érjék el piaci körülmények között. Ezért az érdekeltek összefogtak, hogy letegyék az alapokat egy problémamentes autonóm rendszer kidolgozására. Noha az új fejlesztések előnyösen érintenék a biztonságot, a gazdaságosságot, az autópályakapacitást kihasználhatósági fokát, ugyanakkor mélyrehatóan érdemes foglalkozni az autonóm tehergépjárművek pályaszerkezetre kifejtett hatásával. E szakmai összefoglalóban említett AV technológiák jellemzően autonóm tehergépjárművek (AT) technológiáiról szól mivel célunk, hogy bemutassa az AT-k hatását a pályaszerkezetre. Az irodalmak szerint a tehergépjárművek mozgás közbeni oldalirányú sávon belüli vándorlása az egyik alapvető és leginkább meghatározó paraméter, amelynek hatása van a pályaszerkezetre. Az ember által vezetett teherautókról ismert, hogy a sávon belüli vándorlás normál eloszlását követik. Másrészről, az autonóm teherautók nulla vándorlással haladnának a sávban, amelyhez kevesebb sávszélesség szükséges, de a nulla vándorlás miatt a csatornázott terhelés lép életbe, amely felgyorsítja a pályaszerkezet romlását és a fáradtságos tönkremenetel bekövetkeztét. Ez a cikk a jelenlegi AV-technológiák átfogó irodalmi áttekintésének, az emberi vezetésű járművek és autonóm teherautók járásának a pályaszerkezet teljesítményére gyakorolt hatásainak egy kivonata. Az ember által vezetett teherautók oldalirányú vándorlásának számszerűsítésére vonatkozó részletes áttekintés, valamint az ember által vezetett teherautók oldalsó vándorlásának meghatározására szolgáló különféle módszerek kerülnek említésre. &nbsp