Lost-PLA Casting Process Development Using Material Extrusion with Low-Weight PLA

The goal of this research is to develop a baseline procedure for lost-PLA casting process of aluminum. Traditional Manufacturing techniques and Smart Manufacturing techniques have their advantages and disadvantages. Integrating the traditional and modern aspects of manufacturing enhances the capabilities of manufacturing. In this study, low-weight PLA is used in a Material Extrusion (MEX) machine to fabricate sacrificial patterns for an aluminum lost-casting process. Different process parameters, after a calibration process, are tested for the MEX process The MEX process parameters tested are: infill pattern, and top/bottom solid layers. The MEX process parameter investigation allows to draw conclusions to establish a standard for which parameters are ideal for the casting process. For this research, casting process parameters are set constant. The preliminary studies show that the lost-PLA casting process is successful in producing dimensionally accurate aluminum parts by a direct-pour casting process using the suggested MEX process parameters.Mechanical Engineerin

Advancements and Challenges in Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Materials: A Comprehensive Review

This paper thoroughly examines the advancements and challenges in the field of additively manufactured Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). It delves into conceptual approaches for FGM design, various manufacturing techniques, and the materials employed in their fabrication using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. This paper explores the applications of FGMs in diverse fields, including structural engineering, automotive, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, electronics, 4D printing, and metamaterials. Critical issues and challenges associated with FGMs are meticulously analyzed, addressing concerns related to production and performance. Moreover, this paper forecasts future trends in FGM development, highlighting potential impacts on diverse industries. The concluding section summarizes key findings, emphasizing the significance of FGMs in the context of AM technologies. This review provides valuable insights to researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders, enhancing their understanding of FGMs and their role in the evolving landscape of AM

Glaucoma Care Plan and Role of Social Service, Health Informatics, Nurses Together with the Ophthalmology Team and their Impact on Patient

The condition known as glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness that cannot be reversed. If the necessary diagnostic testing and therapy are administered, glaucomatous visual loss can be avoided through prevention. In order to ensure that glaucoma diagnosis and treatment are successful, ophthalmic nurses play a significant role throughout the process. Through the use of adequate theoretical knowledge and practical training, this service evaluation reveals how nurse practitioners, social service workers, and health informaticists can gain the skills necessary to achieve a high level of agreement in patient assessment and care for patients who are suspected of having glaucoma

Impact Of Bariatric Surgery on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the occurrence of GERD after bariatric surgery and surgery impact on GERD. Methods: This research employs a cross-sectional study design to investigate the impact of bariatric surgery on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) among individuals who have undergone various types of bariatric surgeries. Results: The study included 302 participants. The most frequent weight among them was more than 96 kg (n= 130, 43%) followed by 76-85 kg (n= 51, 16.9%). The most frequent height among study participants was 1.61-1.70 m (n= 100, 33.1%) followed by 1.51-1.60 m (n= 99, 32.8%). The most frequent body mass index (BMI) value among study participants was more than 35 kg/m2 (n= 126, 41.7%) followed by 25-29.9 kg/m2 (n= 67, 22.2%). The most frequent age among study participants was 26-36 years (n= 104, 34.4%) followed by 15-25 years (n= 83, 27.5%). The most frequent gender among study participants was Female (n= 162, 53.6%) followed by Male (n= 140, 46.4%). Participants were asked about the type of obesity surgery. The most frequent was Gastric sleeve (n=222, 73.5%), followed by Gastric bypass (n=33, 10.9%).   Conclusion: Study results showed that most of the study participants are extremely obese according to their BMI. The most common obesity surgery type was a Gastric sleeve followed by a Gastric bypass. The most of participants were a non-smoker. Most of them had weight loss. In addition, most of the study participants had good social connection

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

*WINNER* Optimizing Lattice Infill Structures to Reduce Mass & Power Consumption for Popular 3D Printing Technologies

With Additive Manufacturing (AM) being heavily utilized in many industries and applications, several studies are done to evaluate different process parameters of the different AM methods. This work investigates the use of lattice infill structures to reduce mass and power consumption in two of the most common AM methods, Stereolithography (SLA) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). Previous studies done in this lab explored the power consumption and surface finish of these different technologies. The results of these studies lead to SLA being the superior AM method when it comes to power consumption and surface finish, while FFF takes much less time. With prior experimental results, optimum printing parameters are used to compare to lattice infill structures. Three different test specimens are used to perform this study; a bolt, a steering knuckle, and a knee joint. Shelling the objects and creating lattice infill structures is done using ANSYS SpaceClaim. For the two different AM methods, build time, mass, power consumption, and surface finish results are documented. Results indicate SLA responds exceptionally well with lattice infill structures. For lattice infill in FFF, advanced printing parameters are altered to optimize the use of such infill

Utilizing Lattice Infill Structures to Optimize Weight with Structural Integrity Investigation for Commonly Used 3D Printing Technologies

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is utilized in various applications and fields. This research study investigates the use of lattice infill structures to reduce weight in two commonly used AM methods; Stereolithography (SLA) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). Structural integrity of lattice infilled parts is investigated. Before utilizing lattice infill structures, different process parameters are also investigated to gain a knowledge base for these patterns’ effect on weight and power consumption (PC). Cubes are used as test specimens to perform the knowledge base study for the process parameters. Based on the initial study, an infill pattern is chosen to be compared with a lattice infill structure. The test specimens for this study are chosen to be of different background and complexity. Experimental data indicates a reduction in weight with no increase in PC for SLA and an increase in PC for FFF. Lattice infilled structures respond well to structural integrity testing.Mechanical Engineerin

Detection and Classification of Defects in XLPE Power Cable Insulation via Machine Learning Algorithms

© 2022 IEEE.Due to high electric stresses in power equipment, insulation degradation has been prevalent as a result of increased PD exposure. In this paper, we study different machine learning (ML) methods for the detection and classification of partial discharges (PDs) for assessing the reliability of insulation systems. We introduce and examine a set of features using selected machine learning-based algorithms. The aim is to detect and classify PDs transpiring within insulation systems. Therefore, this paper presents tools to detect defects using suitable PD sensors and Machine Learning algorithms to facilitate diagnostics and enhance isolation system design. Experiments are being conducted on several voids in the insulator with varying shapes and sizes. A PD sensor is used for detecting the PDs taking place. Due to the presence of noise and other external interferences, appropriate filters and denoising methods are implemented. After that, the relevant PD features, such as the PD magnitude, PD repetition rate, statistical features, wavelet features, etc., are extracted. This study attempts to emphasize the importance of classifying the type of defect, as this will allow engineers to determine the severity of the fault taking place, and take the proper countermeasures

Nano-Level Additive Manufacturing: Condensed Review of Processes, Materials, and Industrial Applications

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, represents the forefront of modern manufacturing technology. Its growing popularity spans across research and development, material science, design, processes, and everyday applications. This review paper presents a crucial review of nano-level 3D printing, examining it from the perspectives of processes, materials, industrial applications, and future trends. The authors have synthesized the latest insights from a wide range of archival articles and source books, highlighting the key findings. The primary contribution of this study is a condensed review report that consolidates the newest research on nano-level 3D printing, offering a broad overview of this innovative technology for researchers, inventors, educators, and technologists. It is anticipated that this review study will significantly advance research in nanotechnology, additive manufacturing, and related technological fields

Advancements and Challenges in Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Materials: A Comprehensive Review

This paper thoroughly examines the advancements and challenges in the field of additively manufactured Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). It delves into conceptual approaches for FGM design, various manufacturing techniques, and the materials employed in their fabrication using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. This paper explores the applications of FGMs in diverse fields, including structural engineering, automotive, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, electronics, 4D printing, and metamaterials. Critical issues and challenges associated with FGMs are meticulously analyzed, addressing concerns related to production and performance. Moreover, this paper forecasts future trends in FGM development, highlighting potential impacts on diverse industries. The concluding section summarizes key findings, emphasizing the significance of FGMs in the context of AM technologies. This review provides valuable insights to researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders, enhancing their understanding of FGMs and their role in the evolving landscape of AM