Association of Family History of Epilepsy with Earlier Age Onset of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

How to Cite This Article: Najafi MR, Najafi MA, Safaei A. Association of Family History of Epilepsy with Earlier Age Onset of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2016; 10(2):10-15.AbstractObjectiveJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is supposedly the most frequent subtype of idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of JME and comparison of patients’ demographics as well as timeline of the disease between positive family history epileptic patients (PFHE) and negative family history epileptic patients (NFHE) among sample of Iranian epileptic patients.Materials & MethodsFrom Feb. 2006 to Oct. 2009, 1915 definite epileptic patients (873 females) referred to epilepsy clinics in Isfahan, central Iran, were surveyed and among them, 194 JME patients were diagnosed. JME was diagnosed by its specific clinical and EEG criteria. Patients were divided into two groups as PFHE and NFHE and data were compared between them.ResultsJME was responsible for 10% (194 patients) of all types of epilepsies. Of JME patients, 53% were female. In terms of family history of epilepsy, 40% were positive. No significant differences was found between PFHE and NFHE groups as for gender (P>0.05). Age of epilepsy onset was significantly earlier in PFHE patients (15 vs. 22 yr, P<0.001). Occurrence of JME before 18 yr old among PFHE patients was significantly higher (OR=2.356, P=0.007).ConclusionA family history of epilepsy might be associated with an earlier age of onset in patients with JME. References1. Banerjee PN, Filippi D, Allen Hauser W. The descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy—a review. Epilepsy Res 2009;85(1):31-45.2. Khedr EM, Shawky OA, Ahmed MA, Elfetoh NA, Al Attar G, Ali AM, et al. A community based epidemiological study of epilepsy in Assiut Governorate/Egypt. Epilepsy Res 2013;103(2):294-302.3. 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Major causes of failure during harvesting in sugarcane chopper harvester machine

Evaluation of maintenance strategies is an issue which must widely be considered. This paper describes failure rate, mean time between failures (MTBF) and availability analysis for Austoft 7000 sugarcane harvesters series used in agro-industries in southwestern Iran. Sugarcane harvester was divided into three subsystems and the failures were studied for 1800 working hours. The failure rate of subsystems including hydraulic, mechanical and electrical were calculated 0.087, 0.052 and 0.012 h-1, respectively and the total failure rate was 0.15 h-1. MTBF after 1800 working hours were obtained 11.46 h, 19.35 h and 85.71 h for the aforementioned subsystems and machine MTBF was 6.64 h. Among the three studied subsystems, hydraulic with maximum failure rate and minimum MTBF and electrical subsystem with minimum failure rate and maximum MTBF were recognized as the most unreliable and reliable subsystems respectively. Moreover, availability analysis showed availability for hydraulic, mechanical and electrical subsystems were 85%, 90% and 98%, respectively. However, total machine availability was 76%

Analyzing Concept and Functions of Fairness in the Islamic Economic System and Presenting Some Teachings for Existing Economic Systems

İslam Ekonomik Sistemindeki en önemli yaklaşım ve ögelerden biri hakkaniyettir. Elinizdeki bu çalışma ekonomi literatürü ve İslami metinlerde geçen bu önemli kaideyi farklı boyutları ile analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada hakkaniyetin işlevleri ekonomi, uluslararası ticaret, alış veriş işlemleri ve bankacılık alanlarını tanımlayan hukuki çerçeve içinde dört ana alanda tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda hakkaniyet konseptinin ekonomik sistemin performansının değerlendirilmesinde ve izlenmesinde önemli bir politika aracı olduğu tespiti yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu önemli kaidenin ışığında yerel ve uluslararası ekonomik sistemi geliştirecek bazı noktalar sunulmuştur. Ekonomik sistemde hakkaniyetin kurumsallaşması ve gerçekleştirilmesi bilgi sistemlerinde adalete, kontrol maliyetinin azaltılmasına ve hakların korunması adına adil bir bilgi akışının kurgulanmasına, üretim karlarının veya ürünün katma değerinin belirlenmesi konusunda hakkaniyete, finansal piyasalarda bilginin simetrik ve şeffaf olarak dağılmasına, ekonomik alanda Sosyal dengeye ve ekonomik sistemde hesap verebilirliğin gelişmesine katkı sunacaktır.One of the most important concepts and indicators in the Islamic Economic System is fairness. The present study intends to examine this important rule in the economics literature and Islamic texts in order to analyze its various dimensions and aspects. In the present study, the functions of fairness are described in four field in the legal system of economy, international trade, transactions and banking. The added value of the present research is that fairness is one of the policy instruments for evaluating and monitoring the Economic System performance. Finally, some teachings of this important rule are presented to improve domestic and international Economic Systems. Institutionalizing and realizing fairness in the Economic System leads to the justice of the information system, reduce the control cost, realize the fair system of information flow in order to secure the right, fairness in determining the production profit or the added value of commodity, resolve the problem of transparency and symmetry of information in financial markets, the social balance in economic issues, improve the accountability in Economic System

Inclination angle implications for fluid flow and mixed convection in complex geometry enclosure-meshless numerical analyses

The meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method is extended to analyze the mixed convection and fluid flow in an inclined two-dimensional lid-driven cavity. The enclosure considered comprises two insulated vertical walls and a wavy bottom wall which is subjected to a higher constant temperature than its top counterpart, the sliding lid. For the proposed scheme, the stream function formulation with a weighting function of unity is employed. The simulation results reveal that the local Nusselt number increases with a clockwise increase in the inclination angle. Also, a decrease in the aspect ratio results in an increase in the hot wavy wall average Nusselt number

Volume Threshold for Chest Tube Removal: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Despite importance of chest tube insertion in chest trauma, there is no ‎general agreement on the level of daily volume drainage from chest tube. This study ‎was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety of chest tube removal at the ‎levels of 150 ml/day and 2oo ml/day. Methods: Eligible patients (138) who needed replacement of chest tube (because of ‎trauma or malignancy) were randomized into two groups; control (removal of chest tube ‎when drainage reached to 150 ml/day) and trial (removal of chest tube at the level of ‎‎200 ml/day). All patients received standard care during hospital admission and a follow-‎up visit after 7days of discharge from hospital. Patients were then compared in terms of ‎major clinical outcomes using chi-squared and t-test. Results: From the total of 138 patients, 70 and 68 patients were randomized to control ‎‎(G150) and trial (G200) group, respectively. Baseline characteristics were comparable ‎between the two groups. Although the trial group had a shorter mean for length of ‎hospital stay (LOS) (4.1 compared to 4.8, p=0.04), their differences in drainage time ‎did not reach to the level of statistical significance (p=0.1). Analysis of data showed no ‎statistically significant differences between the rate of radiological reaccumulation, ‎thoracentesis and decrease in pulmonary sounds (auscultatory), one week after ‎discharge from hospital.‎‏ ‏Conclusions: Compared to a daily volume drainage of 150 ml, removal of chest tube ‎when there is 200 ml/day is safe and will even result in a shorter hospital stay. This in ‎turn leads to a lower cost.

Reliability analysis of agricultural machinery: A case study of sugarcane chopper harvester

the performance of agricultural machines depends on the reliability of the machinery used, the operating environment, the maintenance efficiency, the operating process, the technical expertise of the farmers and etc. As the size and complexity of farm equipment continue to increase, the implications of equipment failure become over more critical. Therefore, reliability analysis is required to identify the bottlenecks in the system and to find the components or subsystems with low reliability for a given designed performance. It is important to select a suitable method for data collection as well as for reliability analysis. This paper presents a case study describing reliability and availability analysis of the sugarcane 7000 series chopper harvester at Hakim Farabi agro- industry in Iran. In this study, the harvester is divided into nine subsystems. The parameters of some probability distributions, such as weibull, exponential and lognormal distributions have been estimated by using ReliaSoft Weibull++6 software. The results of the analysis show that feed rollers and hydraulic subsystems are critical from a reliability point of view, and the wheels subsystem and hydraulic subsystem are critical from an availability point of view. The study also shows that the reliability analysis is very useful for deciding maintenance intervals

The Role and Potential of Interaction in E-Learning

Interaction is widely accepted as essential to learning. The main challenge in distance education is to overcome the transactional distance by providing opportunities for interaction. Understanding the role of interaction in learning and how learning environments can be designed to allow for different forms of interaction is important for effective application of emerging technologies in education. The purpose of this paper is to draw conclusions about the importance of interaction in distant learning. It briefly reviews different types of interaction that have been proposed for distance education and examines the importance of evaluating distance learning environments designed for interactive learning. While we are not able to ascertain which type of interaction is the most important in distance education, it is the aim of this paper to provide more insights into this issue. Keywords: distance education, interaction types, design of interaction-learning

Effect of sodium lactate /sodium diacetate in combination with sodium nitrite on physiochemical, microbial properties and sensory evaluation of cow sausage

Sodium nitrite has been always considered as one of the common additives due to its antibacterial effects on Clostridium botulinum and meat products' color, however it produces cancer creating nitrosamine. Recently, organic acids and their salts such as lactates have been employed as antimicrobial compounds. Lactates also improve organileptic properties including color, texture and taste and antioxidant properties. Sodium lactate causes to more reduction of anaerobic spore former bacteria than nitrite, inhibits botulin produced by Clostridium botulinum. Sodium lactate produces a permanent reddish pink color through reduction of deoxymygloboline and producing deoxymyoglobuline. In this study, the decrease of sodium nitrite amount from 120ppm to 15ppm by adding sodium lactate / sodium diacetate led to achieve an acceptable product. The best results revealed through adding 3.0625% of sodium lactate / sodium diacetate in combination with 30ppm sodium nitrite. Results also exhibited more reduction of pathogens' growth than nitrite, enhanced flavor slightly, but unable to produce reddish pink color as produced by nitrite. Results also exhibited  that sodium lactate / diacetate cause to retard in microbial growth, reducing chemical change, enhance sensory properties, partially improvement in taste and texture. Although inappropriate color demonstrated sodium lactate / diacetate's inability in red pink color production in 4th sample (contains 15 ppm nitrite), its synergy effect in combination with sodium nitrite on nitroso myoglobuline production has been proven, led to sodium nitrite reduction in sausages