43 research outputs found

    Sigma Partitioning: Complexity and Random Graphs

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    A sigma partitioning\textit{sigma partitioning} of a graph GG is a partition of the vertices into sets P1,,PkP_1, \ldots, P_k such that for every two adjacent vertices uu and vv there is an index ii such that uu and vv have different numbers of neighbors in PiP_i. The  sigma number\textit{ sigma number} of a graph GG, denoted by σ(G)\sigma(G), is the minimum number kk such that G G has a sigma partitioning P1,,PkP_1, \ldots, P_k. Also, a  lucky labeling\textit{ lucky labeling} of a graph GG is a function :V(G)N \ell :V(G) \rightarrow \mathbb{N}, such that for every two adjacent vertices v v and u u of G G , wv(w)wu(w) \sum_{w \sim v}\ell(w)\neq \sum_{w \sim u}\ell(w) (xy x \sim y means that x x and yy are adjacent). The  lucky number\textit{ lucky number} of G G , denoted by η(G)\eta(G), is the minimum number kk such that G G has a lucky labeling :V(G)Nk \ell :V(G) \rightarrow \mathbb{N}_k. It was conjectured in [Inform. Process. Lett., 112(4):109--112, 2012] that it is NP \mathbf{NP} -complete to decide whether η(G)=2 \eta(G)=2 for a given 3-regular graph GG. In this work, we prove this conjecture. Among other results, we give an upper bound of five for the sigma number of a uniformly random graph

    Isolation and identification of inhibitory bacteria against pathogenic fungi from Isfahan using molecular method

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    زمینه و هدف: گونه های باسیلوس منبعی از متابولیت های ضد قارچی با توان مهار عفونت های قارچی هستند. هدف از این مطالعه، جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری مهارکننده ی رشد قارچ های پاتوژن از اصفهان با استفاده از روش مولکولی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی، تعداد 150 نمونه (خاک، هوا و سطوح) از شهر اصفهان تهیه و تأثیر مهاری باکتری های رشد یافته بر روی محیط کشت نوترینت آگار بر رشد قارچ های آسپرژیلوس نایجر، آسپرژیلوس فلاووس و موکور هیمالیس بررسی شد. بررسی کیفی مهار رشد قارچ با روش نشاکاری و جهت بررسی کمی مهار رشد قارچ ها تلقیح سوسپانسیون قارچی حاوی 104 اسپور بر میکرولیتر به صورت کشت خطی در فواصل 5/0، 1، 5/1، 2، 5/2 و 3 سانتی متری از مرکز (محل تلقیح سوسپانسیون 5/0 مک فارلند باکتری ها) انجام شد. نمونه ها در دمای 30 درجه سانتی گراد به مدت 96 ساعت نگهداری و شناسایی باکتری مهاری با تست های بیوشیمیایی و روش مولکولی انجام گرفت. یافته ها: تأثیر مهاری باکتری ها بر رشد قارچ های آسپرژیلوس نایجر، آسپرژیلوس فلاووس و موکور هیمالیس در فواصل 5/0 تا 3 سانتی متر مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج تست های بیوشیمیایی و روش کلنی- PCR، باکتری با بیشترین اثر مهاری نسبت به قارچ های مذکور باسیلوس آتروفئوس سویه ی HNSQJYH170 شناسایی شد. نتیجه گیری: باسیلوس آتروفئوس سویه ی HNSQJYH170 بومی اصفهان قابل استفاده برای تولید آنتی بیوتیک و مصارف کنترل بیولوژیک است

    Bioinformatics analysis of analgesic-antitumor like peptide from Iranian scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus

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    زمینه و هدف: در سال های اخیر مطالعات متعددی بر روی سموم حیوانات و حشرات برای یافتن مولکول هایی با خواص دارویی انجام شده است. سموم عقرب دارای مولکول های کوچکی با خواص زیستی و دارویی مختلف می باشند. یکی از این توکسین ها پپتید آنتی تومور- ضددرد (AGAP) است که در درمان سرطان و تسکین درد موثر می باشد. در این مطالعه تحقیقی به تعیین توالی و بررسی های بیوانفورماتیکی ژن کدکننده ی پپتید شبه AGAP از عقرب زرد ایرانی پرداخته شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، نمونه های عقرب زرد ایرانی Mesobuthus eupeus جمع آوری و پس از استخراج DNA با پرایمرهای اختصاصی نواحی حفاظت شده، تکثیر ژن کدکننده ی پپتید سمی مشابه AGAP انجام شد و(MeI AGAP) Mesobuthus eupeus Iranian AGAP نام گرفت. سپس توالی ژن شبه AGAP جهت بررسی های قرابتی با کمک نرم افزار CLC main workbench 5 با توالی های سموم مشابه از گونه های دیگر عقرب مقایسه شد؛ همچنین توالی اینترون، عناصر تنظیمی، جایگاه های پیرایش و موقعیت آدنین نقطه ی شاخه ساز این توکسین با توالی های مشابه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: توالی ژنی MeI AGAP درحدود 507 نوکلئوتید دارد. توالی ژنی این توکسین کوتاه تر از توالی ژنی توکسین BmK AGAP به دست آمده از عقرب Buthus martensii می باشد که علت آن حذف بزرگی در توالی اینترونی آن است. توالی کدکننده ی پپتید بالغ در این توکسین تشابه 93 با توکسین BmK AGAP دارد. مطالعه ی توالی ژنی توکسین MeI AGAP از عقرب ایرانی مزوبوتوس اوپئوس تاکنون انجام نشده و گزارش توالی آن برای نخستین بار، در این مطالعه صورت گرفت. نتیجه گیری: بررسی همولوژی این توکسین با توکسین های دیگر از عقرب های مختلف، تفاوت های متعددی نشان داد که می تواند خاص گونه ی ایرانی باشد؛ همچنین تشابه زیاد با توکسین BmK AGAP، MeI AGAP را به­عنوان دارویی برای درمان سرطان و تسکین درد مطرح می کند

    Evaluation of the correlation between serum lipid characteristics of obese subjects and ADIPOQ gene rs266729 polymorphism in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province of Iran

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    Obesity is a multifactorial disorder that is influenced by various factors such as behavior, diet, environment, metabolic and genetic. This disease is the result of an imbalance between energy absorption and expenditure. Mutations in genes that are responsible for appetite control and metabolism are considered as the genetic component of obesity. Adiponectin protein is one of the most effective adipokines in regulating the body's energy homeostasis and fat storage, which is expressed by the ADIPOQ gene and secreted from white adipose tissue. The concentration of this protein in the blood decreases in obesity. In this study, the relationship between rs266729 polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene with the level of biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol and triglyceride and HDL and LDL in the blood of obese people in Borujen (a city in Iran) was investigated. This study was performed on 100 people who referred to the Tamin Ejtemaee clinic due to obesity problems in Borujen. In this study, the ARMS-PCR method was used to determine the genotype of individuals. Based on the results of this study, no significant relationship was found between biochemical parameters including total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL with rs266729 polymorphism genotypes in ADIPOQ gene in obese subjects. We concluded that rs266729 polymorphism cannot be useful as an index parameter for predispose genotype for imbalance in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels in a person

    Study of Phenytoin Effect on the genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism expression in liver: A mouse model study

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    Phenytoin as an anti-seizure medication, is useful for the prevention of tonic-clonic seizures and focal seizures. In this study we focused on the probable effects of Phenytoin drug on gene expression profile of liver related to lipid metabolism balance in mouse as a model. In this study, a group including 7 male mice of BALB/c were treated with phenytoin 3–5 mg/kg/day orally and a group including 7 male mice of BALB/c were took standard food. Liver tissue samples were isolated. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Expression of Akt1, Leptin, Adipoq and GLUT4 genes was measured using Real-time RT-PCR method. Results showed an increase about 15 and 3 fold changes in Akt1 and Adipoq gene expression respectively in treatment group compare to control mice. Also, we detected decreasing in Leptin and GLUT4 genes expression in the mice treated with phenytoin drug. Several studies indicated that phenytoin can promote hyperglycemia in human and animal. We proposed here that this effects may resulted from an interference between the phenytoin drug and gene expression profile in liver. Decreasing of leptin level here may be a result of glucose level elevation in blood that can induce a satiety situation result in decrease of leptin production. It may that Akt1 gene expression is increased to compensate the low level of GLUT4 protein. We concluded that phenytoin is a relatively high-risk antiepileptic drug for obesity and metabolic syndrome, but more studies are needed

    A Combined Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process Method for Optimal Selection and Locating of Pedestrian Crosswalks

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    One of the main challenges for transportation engineers is the consideration of pedestrian safety as the most vulnerable aspect of the transport system. In many countries around the world, a large number of accidents recorded by the police are composed of accidents involving pedestrians and vehicles, for example when pedestrians may be struck by passing vehicles when crossing the street. Careful consideration of the parameters that are involved in selecting the type and optimum location of pedestrian crosswalks results in a higher pedestrian safety coefficient and a reduced accident rate at these facilities. At the start of this study, these parameters that are important in specifying the optimum type and location of pedestrian crosswalks were determined. Then the data layers of these identified parameters were defined using the ArcGIS software. These layers can subsequently be used for determination of the optimal positioning of pedestrian crosswalks. To specify the boundary changes for each parameter, fuzzy membership functions were defined for each parameter using fuzzy logic. The Analytical Hierarchy Process method (AHP) was used in order to combine these layers of information after the fuzzy membership functions were defined. Expert Choice software was used to determine the final weight resultant of the professionals' poll that was conducted. A field study sample has been carried out to determine the optimal location of pedestrian crosswalks in the city of Tehran. The final output from the ArcGIS software shows the ideal locations and the appropriate type of pedestrian crosswalks in the field study sample. The results indicate that the use of fuzzy logic in definition of membership functions of location parameters, along with using AHP for determination of the weight of data layers built in ArcGIS, is a satisfactory combined method for specifying the location of pedestrian crosswalks

    Clinical and histopathological effects of ointment prepared from kombucha floating cellulose layer on wound healing and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in diabetic rats

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    High blood glucose results in high levels of matrix metalloproteinases. Clinical and histopathological effects of the kombucha ointment on the healing of diabetic wounds were evaluate
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