Multi-View Robust Tensor-Based Subspace Clustering

In this era of technology advancement, huge amount of data is collected from different disciplines. This data needs to be stored, processed and analyzed to understand its nature. Networks or graphs arise to model real-world systems in the different fields. Early work in network theory adopted simple graphs to model systems where the system’s entities and interactions among them are modeled as nodes and static, single-type edges, respectively. However, this representation is considered limited when the system’s entities interact through different sources. Multi-view networks have recently attracted attention due to its ability to consider the different interactions between entities explicitly. An important tool to understand the structure of multi-view networks is community detection. Community detection or clustering reveals the significant communities in the network which provides dimensionality reduction and a better understanding of the network. In this paper, a new robust clustering algorithm is proposed to detect the community structure in multi-view networks. In particular, the proposed approach constructs a 3-mode tensor from the normalized adjacency matrices that represent the different views. The constructed tensor is decomposed into a self-representation and error components where the extracted self-representation tensor is used to detect the community structure of the multi-view network. Moreover, a common subspace is computed among all views where the contribution of each view to the common subspace is optimized. The proposed method is applied to several real-world data sets and the results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms

Prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To systematically estimate the overall prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement.Data sources Medline and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched between 1990 and February 2023.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included all cross-sectional or cohort studies that diagnosed ADHD using validated diagnostic tools (eg, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria, ADHD rating scales and ADHD diagnostic interview) or non-validated tools (eg, brain imaging techniques, computerised cognitive tests and quantitative electroencephalography).Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers performed the data extraction independently using standardised data collection sheet. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Individualised and pooled event rate and upper and lower limit at 95% CI were calculated according to the ADHD cases and the total sample size using a random-effect model. The subgroup prevalence analyses according to ADHD subtypes, gender, MENA country and age were also performed.Results A total of 63 articles met the inclusion criteria involving 849 902 participants. The overall prevalence of ADHD was 10.3% (95% CI 0.081 to 0.129). The prevalence rate ranged from 1.3% (Yemen) to 22.2% (Iran). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence in adults was 13.5 and 10.1 in children and adolescents. Males exhibited significantly higher prevalence compared with females as these were 11.1% and 7%, respectively. Attention-deficit subtype was significantly the most prevalent (46.7%) compared with hyperactivity/impulsivity (33.7%) and combined types (20.6%).Conclusion The overall prevalence of ADHD was high in the MENA region. It is crucial to allocate more attention and resources towards the prevention and treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents and adults within the region

Metal-poor Stars Observed with the Automated Planet Finder Telescope. III. CEMP-no Stars are the Descendant of Population III Stars

In this study, we report a probabilistic insight into the stellar mass and supernovae (SNe) explosion energy of the possible progenitors of five CEMP-no stars. This was done by a direct comparison between the abundance ratios [X/Fe] of the light-elements and the predicted nucleosynthetic yields of SN of high-mass metal-free stars. This comparison suggests possible progenitors with stellar mass range of 11 - 22\,M$_{\odot}$ and explosion energies of $0.3 - 1.8 \times 10^{51}$\,erg. The coupling of the chemical abundances with kinematics derived from $Gaia$ DR2 suggests that our sample do not enter the outer-halo region. In addition, we suggest that these CEMP-no stars are not $Gaia$-Sausage nor $Gaia$-Sequoia remnant stars, but another accretion event might be responsible for the contribution of these stars to the Galactic Halo of the Milky-Way

Home-Based Exercise to Improve Motor Functions, Cognitive Functions, and Quality of Life in People with Huntington’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Exercise in different settings has become a fundamental part of Huntington’s disease (HD) management. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of home-based exercises (HBE) in HD. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of HBE on motor, cognitive, or health-related quality of life (QoL) outcomes in HD were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD), the 95% confidence interval, and p-values were calculated by comparing the outcomes change between HBE and control groups. Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The included RCTs prescribed different types of HBEs, i.e., aerobic strengthening, walking, balance, and fine motor exercises. The HBE protocol length was between 6 and 36 weeks. The meta-analyses showed a significant effect of HBE intervention on motor function measure by Unified Huntington Disease Rating and overall QoL measure by Short Form−36 post-treatment respectively, [SMD = 0.481, p = 0.048], [SMD = 0.378, p = 0.003]. The pooled analysis did not detect significant changes in cognition, gait characteristics, or functional balance scales. The current study shows the positive effect of HBE in HD, especially on motor function and QoL. No significant adverse events were reported. The current results support the clinical effect of HBE intervention on motor function and QoL in HD patients. However, these results should be taken with caution due to the limited available evidence. Well-designed clinical studies that consider the disease severity and stages are required in the future

Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Cities: Network Design, Implementation and Performance Evaluation

The advent of various wireless technologies has paved the way for the realization of new infrastructures and applications for smart cities. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are one of the most important among these technologies. WSNs are widely used in various applications in our daily lives. Due to their cost effectiveness and rapid deployment, WSNs can be used for securing smart cities by providing remote monitoring and sensing for many critical scenarios including hostile environments, battlefields, or areas subject to natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and floods or to large-scale accidents such as nuclear plants explosions or chemical plumes. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework where WSNs are adopted for remote sensing and monitoring in smart city applications. We propose using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to act as a data mule to offload the sensor nodes and transfer the monitoring data securely to the remote control center for further analysis and decision making. Furthermore, the paper provides insight about implementation challenges in the realization of the proposed framework. In addition, the paper provides an experimental evaluation of the proposed design in outdoor environments, in the presence of different types of obstacles, common to typical outdoor fields. The experimental evaluation revealed several inconsistencies between the performance metrics advertised in the hardware-specific data-sheets. In particular, we found mismatches between the advertised coverage distance and signal strength with our experimental measurements. Therefore, it is crucial that network designers and developers conduct field tests and device performance assessment before designing and implementing the WSN for application in a real field setting

Cosmological Insights into the Early Accretion of r -process-enhanced Stars. I. A Comprehensive Chemodynamical Analysis of LAMOST J1109+0754

This study presents a comprehensive chemodynamical analysis of LAMOST J1109+0754, a bright (V = 12.8), extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -3.17) star, with a strong r-process enhancement ([Eu/Fe] = +0.94 ± 0.12). Our results are based on the 7D measurements supplied by Gaia and the chemical composition derived from a high-resolution (R ∼ 110,000), high signal-to-noise ratio (S N ∼ 60) optical spectrum obtained by the 2.4 m Automated Planet Finder Telescope at Lick Observatory. We obtain chemical abundances of 31 elements (from lithium to thorium). The abundance ratios ([X/Fe]) of the light elements (Z ≤ 30) suggest a massive Population III progenitor in the 13.4-29.5M⊙ mass range. The heavy-element (30 < Z ≤ 90) abundance pattern of J1109+075 agrees extremely well with the scaled-solar r-process signature. We have developed a novel approach to trace the kinematic history and orbital evolution of J1109+0754 with a cOsmologically deRIved timE-varyiNg Galactic poTential (the ORIENT) constructed from snapshots of a simulated Milky Way analog taken from the Illustris-TNG simulation. The orbital evolution within this Milky Way-like galaxy, along with the chemical abundance pattern, implies that J1109+0754 likely originated in a low-mass dwarf galaxy located ∼60 kpc from the center of the Galaxy, which was accreted ∼6-7 Gyr ago, and that the star now belongs to the outer-halo population