Stimulated quantum phase slips from weak electromagnetic radiations in superconducting nanowires

We study the rate of quantum phase slips in an ultranarrow superconducting nanowire exposed to weak electromagnetic radiations. The superconductor is in the dirty limit close to the superconducting-insulating transition, where fluxoids move in strong dissipation. We use a semiclassical approach and show that external radiation stimulates a significant enhancement in the probability of quantum phase slips. This can help to outline a new type of detector for microwave to submillimetre radiations based on stimulated quantum phase slip phenomenon.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure

Fairness in Multiuser Systems with Polymatroid Capacity Region

For a wide class of multi-user systems, a subset of capacity region which includes the corner points and the sum-capacity facet has a special structure known as polymatroid. Multiaccess channels with fixed input distributions and multiple-antenna broadcast channels are examples of such systems. Any interior point of the sum-capacity facet can be achieved by time-sharing among corner points or by an alternative method known as rate-splitting. The main purpose of this paper is to find a point on the sum-capacity facet which satisfies a notion of fairness among active users. This problem is addressed in two cases: (i) where the complexity of achieving interior points is not feasible, and (ii) where the complexity of achieving interior points is feasible. For the first case, the corner point for which the minimum rate of the active users is maximized (max-min corner point) is desired for signaling. A simple greedy algorithm is introduced to find the optimum max-min corner point. For the second case, the polymatroid properties are exploited to locate a rate-vector on the sum-capacity facet which is optimally fair in the sense that the minimum rate among all users is maximized (max-min rate). In the case that the rate of some users can not increase further (attain the max-min value), the algorithm recursively maximizes the minimum rate among the rest of the users. It is shown that the problems of deriving the time-sharing coefficients or rate-spitting scheme can be solved by decomposing the problem to some lower-dimensional subproblems. In addition, a fast algorithm to compute the time-sharing coefficients to attain a general point on the sum-capacity facet is proposed.Comment: Submitted To IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, June 200

A comparison of 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine with 3% Mepivacaine in inferior alveolar nerve block

The purpose of this study was evaluation of anesthesia success rate of 3% mepivacaine compared with 2% lidocaine 1/80000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block in thirty voluntary students. All of the subjects were healthy and had not received any medicament. They pariticipated for two appointments and each time randomly received an inferior alveolar nerve injection with one of the anesthetic solutions. Before anesthesia the first molar, second premolar, and canine teeth were tested with electric pulp tester (EPT). After injection, when subjects felt numbness in inferior lip, the time for starting of anesthesia was recorded according to schedule time from 3 to 49 minutes after lip numbness. When teeth had no response to EPT in maximal output, the pupal anesthesia was achieved. The t paired test was used for data analysis. Results showed that although subjects felt numbness in their lips, anesthetic success was defined only 76.6% in molars, 73.3% in premolars, and 66.7% in canine teeth after injection of mepivacaine. Success was defined 66.7% & 76.7% in molars and premolars and 53.3% in canine teeth when 2% lidocaine 1/80000 epinephrine was administered. No statistically significant difference was found in onset, success or failure rate between both anesthetic solutions in lidocaine group, however, premolar and molar teeth showed significant differences with canine teeth. Keywords: Inferior alveolar nerve block, Lidocaine, Mepivacain

High Load Diminution by Regulating Timers in SIP Servers

To start voice, image, instant messaging, and generally multimedia communication, session communication must begin between two participants. SIP (session initiation protocol) that is an application layer control induces management and terminates this kind of sessions. As far as the independence of SIP from transport layer protocols is concerned, SIP messages can be transferred on a variety of transport layer protocols including TCP or UDP. Mechanism of Retransmission that is embedded in SIP could compensate for the missing packet loss, in case of need. This mechanism is applied when SIP messages are transmitted on an unreliable transmission layer protocol like UDP. Also, while facing SIP proxy with overload, it could cause excessive filling of proxy queue, postpone increase of other contacts, and add to the amount of the proxy overload. In the present work, while using UDP as transport layer protocol, invite retransmission timer (T1) was appropriately regulated and SIP functionality was improved. Therefore, by proposing an adaptive timer of invite message retransmission, attempts were made to improve the time of session initiation and consequently improve the performance. Performance of the proposed SIP was implemented and evaluated by SIPP software in a real network environment and its accuracy and performance were demonstrated

Length–weight and length–length relationships of five fish species collected from seagrass beds of the Sungai Pulai estuary, Peninsular Malaysia

Length–weight relationships are presented for five fish species from the seagrass beds of Peninsular Malaysia

Length–weight and length–length relationships of five fish species collected from seagrass beds of the Sungai Pulai estuary, Peninsular Malaysia

Length–weight relationships are presented for five fish species from the seagrass beds of Peninsular Malaysia

Determination of permissible alcohol and vinegar in Shariah and scientific perspectives

The halal food production industry is gaining greater attention among Muslim and non-Muslim majority countries, particularly due to the increase of global market demand. One of the critical areas in issuing halal certified food is the determination of allowable alcohol content in food and drinks. The level of alcohol content has not standardized in several standards and fatwa of Islamic scholars. In Islam, the alcohol in several fruit products is produced through fermentation process such as takhammur (wine making) and takhallul (vinegar making). The fermentation process gives an impact to the status of the food products either permissible or prohibited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss on the determination of permissible alcohol and vinegar by fermentation process content in selected food products from Shariah and science perspectives. In doing so, the views of authentic of Islamic Law in this issue are supported by lab work approached. As a result, in the first phase there are three types of by products from takhammur, while two types of takhallul. All the products can be determine of the alcohol content and give an implication of the status either permissible (halal) or prohibited (haram). Hence, in juice considered as halal due to lower of alcohol content. While cider or alcoholic beverage is haram due to above alcohol level permitted which is above of the 1%. Besides, cider vinegar or vinegar is halal by the interpretation of hadith of permissible conversion from alcoholic to vinegar itself