Nanoparticle shape and thermal radiation on Marangoni Water, Ethylene Glycol and Engine Oil Based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between particle shape and radiation effects on Marangoni boundary layer flow and heat transfer of water, ethylene glycol and engine oil based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs. There are three types of nanoparticle shapes are considered in this research such as sphere, cylinder and lamina. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying similarity transformation which is solved using shooting technique in conjunction with Newton’s method and Runge Kutta algorithm. Temperature profiles are graphically and tabularly provided for the effects of solid volume fraction parameter, radiation parameter and empirical shape factor. The result shows that solid volume fraction and radiation energy gives a good impact on thermal boundary layer. Sphere nanoparticle shape predicts a better result on heat transfer rather than other nanoparticle shapes

Homogeneous/heterogeneous reactions of the water based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs on MHD Stagnation-point flow over stretching/shrinking sheet with generalized slip condition

An investigation is performed to analyze thehomogeneous–heterogeneous reactions of water based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs on MHD stagnation-point over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet with generalized slip condition. In this study we employed the refined model of a homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction in boundary layer nanofluid flow with equal diffusivities for reactant and autocatalysis. The governing PDEs in terms of continuity, momentum and concentration are transformed into ODEs and then solved numerically using fourth or fifth order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method with shooting technique. The results show that for the shrinking sheet, the concentration of SWCNTs-water of heterogeneous reaction is stronger as compare with homogeneous reaction. Comparison of the present results with previously published work is given and found in good agreement. Keywords: Stagnation point flow, Nanofluids, Homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction, Shrinking sheet, SWCNTs-water, Slip condition

Development of a hybrid PSO-ANN model for estimating glucose and xylose yields for microwave-assisted pretreatment and the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass

In this paper, two artificial intelligent systems, the artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were combined to form a hybrid PSO–ANN model that was used to improve estimates of glucose and xylose yields from the microwave–acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass based on pretreatment parameters. ANN is a powerful tool capable of determining the relationship between the desired input and output data while PSO was used as a robust population-based search algorithm to optimize the performance of the ANN model. Specifically, it was used to determine the optimum number of neurons in the hidden layer and the best value of the learning rate of the ANN model. The optimization method includes minimizing the fitness function mean absolute error that was found to be 0.0176. The PSO algorithm suggested an optimum number of neurons in the hidden layer as 15 and a learning rate of 0.761 these consequently used to construct the ANN model. After constructing the hybrid PSO–ANN model, the performance of the intelligent system was examined by determining the regression coefficient (R 2) for estimating the experimental values of glucose and xylose and compared to the results from a response surface methodology (RSM) model. The results of R 2 of the hybrid PSO–ANN model for glucose and xylose were 0.9939 and 0.9479, respectively, while the RSM model results for the same sugars were 0.8901 and 0.8439. This analysis reveals that the hybrid PSO–ANN model offers a higher degree of accuracy in comparison with the more commonly used RSM model

Effect of microwave-assisted acid or alkali pretreatment on sugar release from dragon fruit foliage

Agriculture residues are a promising feedstock for value-added products from lignocellulosic waste. However, pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials is essential to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis and improve sugar yield. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of acid or alkali during microwave-assisted pretreatment of dragon fruit foliage (DFF) that would make hydrolysis process more efficient. In the present study, distilled water and three chemicals were examined for their effects on releasing monomeric sugar during microwave treatment. Microwave-assisted pretreatment namely microwave-distilled water (M-H2O) (control); microwave-sulfuric acid (M-H2SO4); microwave-sodium hydroxide (M-NaOH); and microwave-sodium bicarbonate (M-NaHCO3) pretreatment were performed using 5% (w/v) of DFF as substrate at 800 watt microwave power for 5 minutes exposure time. Highest yield of monomeric sugar was found at 15.56 mg/g using M-NaOH pretreatment at 0.1N NaOH. For M-H2SO4 pretreatment, 0.1N H2SO4 produced 8.2 mg/g of monomeric sugar. Application of M-NaHCO3 pretreatment using 0.05N NaHCO3 solution released 6.45 mg/g of monomeric sugar. While, soaking DFF in distilled water and subjecting to microwave irradiation released 6.6 mg/g of monomeric sugar. Treatments with the lowest concentration (0.01 N) of the three chemicals released only small quantities of total monomeric sugars and less than that with distilled water. The changes in the physical structure of DFF prior to and after the microwave-assisted pretreatment are also reported

Comparison of the effects of three different Baccaurea angulata whole fruit juice doses on plasma, aorta and liver MDA levels, antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity

Purpose Baccaurea angulata (common names: belimbing dayak or belimbing hutan) is a Malaysian underutilized fruit. The preliminary work on B. angulata fruit juice showed that it possesses antioxidant properties. Therefore, further work is needed to confirm the efficacy and proper dosage of B. angulata as a potential natural antioxidant. The present study was thus carried out to compare the effects of three different B. angulata whole fruit (WF) juice doses administered at nutritional doses of 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 ml/kg/day on plasma, aorta and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) as well as total antioxidant capacity in rabbits fed high-cholesterol diet. Methods Thirty-five male rabbits of New Zealand strain were randomly assigned to seven groups. For 12 weeks, group CH was fed 1% cholesterol diet only; group C1 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0.50 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice; group C2 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.00 ml/ kg/day B. angulata WF juice; group C3 was fed 1

Microwave-assisted pretreatment of sago palm bark

Three types of microwave-assisted diluted solvents were employed using 0.1 N H2SO4 (MSA), 0.1 N NaOH (MSH), and 0.01 N NaHCO3 (MSB). These solvents were evaluated as possible pretreatment routes for sago palm bark (SPB) with their effects on the pretreated substrate. A variety of analyses, consisting of fiber analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were performed to understand the pretreatment effects on the chemical and physical characteristics of SPB and pretreatment liquor. The thermal analysis has revealed that higher hemicellulose degradation was also found in MSA pretreatment. In the analyses of the pretreatment liquid for the extracted monomeric sugar, a higher amount of glucose was found (9 mg/g) using MSH pretreatment and the highest xylose level was found (4 mg/g) using MSA pretreatment. The analysis of the formation of inhibitors has shown that acetic acid was only found in the MSH pretreatment

Pengajaran dan pembelajaran kosa kata Arab : teori & aplikasi

Kosa kata merupakan elemen yang terpenting dalam penguasaan sesuatu bahasa. Keupayaan berbahasa dan berkomunikasi lazimnya dilihat melalui penggunaan kosa kata selain daripada elemen lain seperti tatabahasa. Dalam pembelajaran bahasa asing seperti bahasa Arab, masalah penguasaan kosa kata sering kali menjadi halangan kepada pelajar untuk berkomunikasi. Aspek sebutan, makna, struktur kata kolokasi misalnya perlu dikuasai dengan baik untuk membolehkan penghasilan frasa, ayat dan wacana yang berkesan. Bagi para pengajar, kefahaman yang jitu terhadap proses penguasaan kosa kata dan juga strategi pengajaran yang berkesan dan pelbagai perlu dikuasai untuk membantu kejayaan penguasaan kosa kata pelajar. Buku ini sesuai dimiliki oleh mereka yang terlibat dalam pendidikan dan penyelidikan kosa kata bahasa Arab. Ia mencakupi aspek teori seperti proses penguasaan kosa kata, ciri kosa kata Arab, jenis kesilapan yang dilakukan oleh pelajar dalam penguasaan kosa kata Arab dan faktornya. Aspek praktikal pula merangkumi teknik dan strategi dalam pengajaran kosa kata Arab serta bentuk latihan dan ujian yang boleh digunakan untuk menguji penguasaan kosa kata pelajar

Single walled carbon nanotubes on MHD unsteady flow over a porous wedge with thermal radiation with variable stream conditions

The objective of the present work was to investigate theoretically the effect of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the presence of water and seawater with variable stream condition due to solar radiation energy. The conclusion is drawn that the flow motion and the temperature field for SWCNTs in the presence of base fluid are significantly influenced by magnetic field, convective radiation and thermal stratification. Thermal boundary layer of SWCNTs-water is compared to that of Cu-water, absorbs the incident solar radiation and transits it to the working fluid by convection

Breastfeeding challenges: data mining on Malay formulation and practice as recommended in the Malay medical manuscripts

Introduction: Breast milk confers numerous benefits to infants throughout their stages of life. Inappropriate practice and cessation of breastfeeding are also associated with several breastfeeding-associated disturbances among women. Besides, it is renowned that Malays have inherited many practices for centuries, especially practices using natural products in healing an illness, including remedies to enhance milk production and treat breastfeeding-associated problems. These practices had been documented in the written form, which is known as Malay medical manuscripts. Aim: This study sought to discover the potential natural products that the Malays employ to encounter breastfeeding mothers' problems as documented in Malay medical manuscripts. Methods: A narrative review procedure was applied for data mining on Malay medical manuscripts. Thematic analysis was adopted, which is crucial to investigate the data that are significant for this study. Results: The review's findings demonstrated the discovery of information in the derived sources that relates closely with the breastfeeding aspects: Kitab Perubatan Melayu: Tayyib al-Ihsan fi Tibb al-Insan, Seksologi: Ilmu Perkasihan Melayu and Warisan Perubatan Melayu. Altogether nine traditional remedies were found in the formulations. Thematic analysis showed two breastfeeding-associated problems mentioned in the formulations: breast engorgement and clogged ducts. Conclusion: This study has discovered that there is data available about breastfeeding, including its treatments, recommended in the Malay medical manuscripts. However, more transliteration of the manuscripts and review of secondary sources is proposed to overcome the limitation of breastfeeding data. This discovery of breastfeeding treatment in Malay medical manuscripts would be very much appreciated if they can contribute to the incorporation of local natural products into the current modern medicine for breastfeeding treatment

Common Errors in Pronouncing Arabic Phonetic Among Malaysia Students in Debate

There is no doubt that Arabic Language learners, specifically the debaters, should have the appropriate phonetic skills and be competent in their performance of this language. Therefore, this study attempts to identify common errors in pronouncing Arabic phonetic among Malaysian students in debate. This study uses the qualitative analysis in describing the elements of presentation styles. Respondents were selected from the University of Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZa) and the International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM). Support data were also collected from two experts interviewed in the study. The results of the study show that some Arabic consonants should be paid more attention to including Ha, Ain, Qaf, Tha, Dhad, Kha and Sad