Optical Waveguide Modelling Based On Scalar Finite Difference Scheme

A Numerical Method Based On Scalar Finite Difference Scheme Was Adopted And Programmed On MATLAB® Platform For Optical Waveguide Modeling Purpose. Comparisons With Other Established Methods In Terms Of Normalized Propagation Constant Were Included To Verify Its Applicability. The Comparison Results Obtained Were Proven To Have The Same Qualitative Behaviour. Furthermore, The Performances Were Evaluated In Terms Of Computation Complexity, Mesh Size, And Effect Of Acceleration Factor. Computation Complexity Can Be Reduced By Increasing The Mesh Size Which Will Then Produce More Error. The Problem Can Be Rectified By Introducing The Acceleration Factor, Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) Parameter. It Shows That SOR Range Between 1.3 And 1.7 Can Give Shorter Computation Time, While Producing Constant Value Of Simulation Results

Assessment of structural performance by using different beam size through PBSD method

In recent decades Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) is widely used for evaluation of structural performance because of its capability and simplicity to estimate inelastic response of structure. On the other hand some times in construction, based on architectural decision, size of beams are being decreased. The aim of this attempt is to study the effect of beam size on structural behavior based on PBSD method. Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) was conducted by modeling set of RC frames (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 story with three bays) using ETABS2000 to determine the weakness of the frames system due to their reduced beam size. The performance of the frames was measured at Life Safety damage control level

Polymer optical waveguide based n wet-chemical fabrication process

The wet-chemical fabrication process of BenzoCyclobutene (BCB 4024-40) polymer waveguides are described. The method of prism coupling is adopted in the characterization process of the polymer film. A cost effective chemical etching technique is used in the waveguide fabrication process to take advantage of the photosensitive nature of the polymer. The waveguide loss is measured using the conventional cut back method which results on an average loss of 3.5 dB/cm

The numerical techniques for thermal distribution analysis in optical waveguides

In this paper, the analysis of thermal distribution in planar optical waveguide cross-section when a single heater electrode applied is presented. Starting from the heat equation, the thermal analysis has been done using two proposed numerical methods which are include finite difference method (FDM) and finite element method (FEM). By considering conduction as the only heat transfer mechanism, the obtained results from the mentioned methods are shown to have a good agreemen

PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH OLEH MAJLIS AMANAH RAKYAT MALAYSIA: STRATEGI DAN IMPLEMENTASI

The potential of MFIs in their development in a global world contributes up to 80% of the economic turnover of the middle-class that. In addition, the success of MFI development is largely determined by the role of multiple actors. The last fact is that there is an institution that is quite successful in managing MFIs, namely the Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA). Therefore, this study contains an analysis of the strategy used by MARA in starting businesses in the culinary field around Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to reveal how the strategy used by MARA in empowering businesses in the culinary field around Bintulu Sarawak Malaysia. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection technique used interviews by recording the results of the interviews as they were. The results of the study show that the MARA Strategy in encouraging the creation of self-sufficiency in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is divided into three, namely capacity building, capital procurement, and provision of supporting facilities. on the first strategy namely program training, consulting services, training and teaching in the field as well as special programs. The second strategy is to provide capital. Especially for people who meet the requirements and register for the program, they will receive capital assistance according to the provisions made by the MARA team. The last strategy is to provide supporting facilities. There are three types of facilities that will be obtained by MSMEs if they participate in this program, namely: shophouses, small shop, and the last is a kind of tent or street vendor for selling

Prism coupling measurement of benzocyclobutene (BCB 4024-40) polymer for optical devices application

Prism coupling method is employed in the characterization process of BenzoCyclobutene (BCB 4024-40) polymer slab structure. This method is used to characterize the polymer refractive index, variation of film thickness with spin coating speed and average value of polymer loss. The information obtained is appreciably useful, particularly in the actual design of optical waveguides and devices based on BCB 4024-40 polymer material

Pengaruh demografi terhadap kesediaan penduduk bagi pelaksanaan projek "unity alarm" di kawasan perumahan jajahan Kota Bharu Kelantan

The speed of urbanization in the country has indirectly contributed towards the increasing number of crime rates. Due to this, there are issues raised by the residents about the level of readiness for installing new equipment or innovations, namely the unity alarm; preventing crime in their homes. In this study, the question of the level of preparedness among the residents is measured through three constructs namely knowledge, feelings and actions of residents to determine their level of preparedness in the use of unity alarms to prevent criminal behavior. This study was conducted in the district of Kota Bahru, Kelantan with the selection of three types of housing locations namely the luxury, the medium cost and the low cost housing. This study applied the quantitative method by distributing simple random questionnaires to 384 households (respondents) with a distribution of 128 respondents for each household Descriptive and one-way ANOVA analyses were carried out on the collected data to answer the three research objectives. The overall study found that residents of the three types of housing namely luxury, medium cost and low cost were less satisfied with the existing crime prevention methods, while the level of preparedness using residential alarms showed that residents of luxury and medium cost housing were more likely to use unity alarm than residents in the low cost housing areas. The results of the study on the level of readiness based on the knowledge, feelings and actions of the use of unity alarm found that the mean value was 2.76 for the three types of housing (luxury, medium cost and low cost housing). Furthermore, the results identified population demographic differences in the level of readiness through the construction of age, race, household income and the number of households showed there was zero difference in population readiness to use unity alarms in their homes. However, there were two demographic constructs that showed differences in the categories of residential areas (luxury, medium and low cost housing) and respondents educational level that determined differences in residents’ readiness to use unity alarms in their homes. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will help residents better prepare for the implementation of the unity alarm project for crime prevention efforts and realize the goals of the National Unity Policy run by the Department of National Unity and National Integration (JPNIN)

Development of integrated renewable energy system for sustainable energy supply at Mai Farm Kalumpang Selangor

Malaysia introduced renewable energy as the 5th fuel strategy in the energy-mix under the National Energy Policy in 2001. Malaysia has huge potential renewable energy resources in the form of solar, pico hydro and wind due to its geological characteristic and proximity to equator. Mai Farm in Kalumpang, Selangor is planning to implement a small scale integrated Solar PV, pico hydro, and wind for electricity to power up its facilities. The site has an average solar irradiation at 5.85 kWh/m2/day with the highest solar irradiation at 6.08 kWh/m2/day for month of October which is potential for implementation of solar PV system. The highest wind speed recorded is 5.58 m/sec on month of June. The average wind speed is 4.86 m/sec. The site has a consistent and continuous velocity of water flow coming from the nearest hill via gravity fed 3” PVC pipeline system. This research objective is to investigate the potential energy can be generated and to design an integrated renewable energy system consisting of floating solar PV, pico hydro and wind. The methodology of the research started by gathering data for geographical and meteorological information such as location, elevation, solar irradiation, wind speed and flow data for pico hydro. The load list for Mai Farm also investigated for demand and consumption. All the collected data is used as input to perform simulation and optimization of renewable energy system configurations by HOMER software. Different off-grid configurations of the integrated system proposed are investigated for its levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The simulation shall be able to assess levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), CO2 avoidance and excess electricity resulting of the integrated renewable energy system

The Cascode and Cascaded Techniques LNA at 5.8GHz Using T-Matching Network for WiMAX Applications

This project presents the cascode and cascaded techniques LNA at 5.8GHz using T-matching network applicable for WIMAX application. The amplifier uses FHX76LP Low Noise SuperHEMT FET. The LNA designed used T-matching network consisting of lump element reactive element at the input and the output terminal. The cascode and cascaded low noise amplifier (LNA) produced gain of 52.4dB and noise figure (NF) of 1.3dB. The input reflection (S11) and output return loss (S22) are -19.71dB and -10.07dB respectively. The bandwidth of the amplifier is more than 1.24GHz. The input sensitivity is compliant with the IEEE 802.16 standards