Impact of apparent reactance injected by TCSR on distance relay in presence phase to earth fault

This research paper presents the impact study of apparent reactance injected by series Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) i.e. Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR) on the measured impedance of a 400 kV single electrical transmission line in the presence of phase to earth fault with fault resistance. The study deals with an electrical transmission line of Eastern Algerian transmission networks at Group Sonelgaz (Algerian Company of Electrical) compensated by TCSR connected at midpoint of the transmission line. This compensator used to inject voltage and reactive power is controlled by TCSR. The simulations results investigate the three impacts of the apparent reactance injected by TCSR (XTCSR) on transmission line protected by distance relay protection. The impacts concern the active and reactive power, the line impedance (reactance and resistance), and the short circuit parameters (symmetrical currents, line currents, symmetrical voltages and line voltages as well as the measured impedance by relay (resistance and reactance) in the presence of earth fault These impacts are investigated in order to improve the performances of distance relay protection. More the impact of XTCSR by three TCSR for cases studies is presented

Fault Location Effect on Short-Circuit Calculations of a TCVR Compensated Line in Algeria

This research work investigated the effect of fault location on short-circuit calculations for a high voltage transmission line equipped with a novel FACTS device, namely Thyristor Controlled Voltage Regulator (TCVR). This main function of this device was to control the voltage and active power of the line. The paper considered a study case for a 220 kV transmission line, in the Algerian transmission power network, which was subjected to a phase to earth fault in the presence of a fixed fault resistance. The paper presented theoretical analysis of the short-circuit calculations which was confirmed by the illustrated simulation results. Simulation results showed the impact of the fault location on the symmetrical current and voltage components of the line, and transmission line phase currents and voltages; before using TCVR and in the presence of TCVR for both cases of positive and negative TCVR controlled voltage

Effects of Shunt FACTS Devices on MHO Distance Protection Setting in 400 kV Transmission Line

Abstract This paper presents a study on the performances of distance relays setting in 400 kV in Eastern Algerian transmission networks at Sonelgaz Group (Algerian Company of Electricity) compensated by shunt Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS). The facts are used for controlling transmission voltage, power flow, reactive power, and damping of power system oscillations in high power transfer levels. The direct impacts of SVC devices i.e. Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) and the Thyristor Switched Capacitors (TSC) insertion, on the total impedance of a transmission line (Z AB ) protected by MHO distance relay are investigated. The modified setting zones protections (Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 ) have been calculated in order to improve the performances of distance relay protection and prevent circuit breaker nuisance tripping. The simulation results are performed in MATLAB software and show the direct impact of the thyristors firing angle (α) on the total impedance of the protected line

A Novel Algorithm for Controlling Active and Reactive Power Flows of Electric Vehicles in Buildings and Its Impact on the Distribution Network

In the literature, many optimization algorithms were developed to control electrical loads, especially Electric Vehicles (EVs) in buildings. Despite the success of the existing algorithms in improving the power profile of charging EVs and reducing the total electricity bill of the end-users, these algorithms didn&rsquo t show significant contribution in improving the voltage profile on the network, especially with the existence of highly inductive loads. The control of the active power may not be sufficient to regulate the voltage, even if sophisticated optimization algorithms and control strategies are used. To fill the gap in the literature, we propose a new algorithm that is able to control both the active and reactive power flows using electric vehicles in buildings and homes. The algorithm is composed of two parts the first part uses optimization to control the active power and minimize the electricity bill, while the second part controls the reactive power using the bidirectional converter in the EV in a way that the voltage profile on the distribution transformer respects its limits. The new approach is validated through a comparative study of four different scenarios, (i) without EV, (ii) with EV using uncoordinated charging, (iii) with EV using coordinated charging, (iv) with EV using our proposed algorithm. Results show that our algorithm has maintained the voltage within the recommended limits, and it has minimized the peak load, the electricity cost, and the techno-economic losses on the network. Document type: Articl

Chaos Game Optimization Algorithm for Parameters Identification of Different Models of Photovoltaic Solar Cell and Module

In order to achieve the optimum feasible efficiency, the electrical parameters of the photovoltaic solar cell and module should always be thoroughly researched. In reality, the quality of PV designs can have a significant impact on PV system dynamic modeling and optimization. PV models and calculated parameters, on the other hand, have a major effect on MPPT and production system efficiency. Because a solar cell is represented as the most significant component of a PV system, it should be precisely modeled. For determining the parameters of solar PV modules and cells, the Chaos Game Optimization (CGO) method has been presented for the Single Diode Model (SDM). A set of the measured I-V data has been considered for the studied PV design and applied to model the RTC France cell, and Photowatt-PWP201 module. The objective function in this paper is the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the measured and identified datasets of the proposed algorithm. The optimal results that have been obtained by the CGO algorithm for five electrical parameters of PV cell and model have been compared with published results of various optimization algorithms mentioned in the literature on the same PV systems. The comparison proved that the CGO algorithm was superior