Image Quality Assessment and Radiation exposure in Intra Oral Dental Radiography

In this study, an intra oral dental unit (Siemens-70) at King Abdul Aziz University (KAU) Dental Hospital was selected and investigated for visual image quality assessment and radiation protection purposes. Radiation dosimetry for determining the optimum image quality with the lowest radiation exposure to the patient was carried out. A DXTTR dental radiography trainer phantom head and neck, portable survey meter Model RAD EYE-B20, and radiation dosimetry system RADCAL Acuu-pro were used in this study. RADCAL Accu-pro is a non-invasive kV system, reliable instruments to measure and diagnose all X-ray machines including dental units. The radiation exposure to patients in (mGy) was measured using RADCAL ionization chamber Model 10×6-6. The best image quality with the lowest exposure dose was assessed for conventional intraoral X-ray film (Kodak type E) and the digital processing sensor (RVG 5200). Radiation survey level was done during this study for safety and protection purposes

Data on fuzzy logic based-modelling and optimization of recovered lipid from microalgae

This article presents the data of recovered lipid from microalgae using fuzzy logic based-modelling and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The details of fuzzy model and optimization process were discussed in our work entitled “Application of Fuzzy Modelling and Particle Swarm Optimization to Enhance Lipid Extraction from Microalgae” (Nassef et al., 2019) [1]. The presented data are divided into two main parts. The first part represents the percentage of recovered lipid using fuzzy logic model and ANOVA. However, the second part shows the variation of the cost function (recovered lipid) for the 100 runs of PSO algorithm during optimization process. These data sets can be used as references to analyze the data obtained by any other optimization technique. The data sets are provided in the supplementary materials in Tables 1–2

Correlation between Colour Duplex and Technetium-99m Thyroid Scan in Identifying the Cause of Toxic Goitre

Introduction: Differentiation between thyroiditis induced thyrotoxicosis and Graves' disease is important for selection of proper therapy. It is often difficult to make this distinction without performing thyroid scintigraphy. Color flow Doppler sonography (CFDS) is gaining importance for the functional evaluation of the thyroid disorders. We aimed to determine the value of CFDS for the etiological diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.Patients and methods: Thirty patients with clinical and lab signs of hyperthyroidism (12 Graves’ disease and, 18 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) with 10 euthyroid controls were evaluated.Etiological diagnosis was carried out using standard methods. Conventional grey scale sonography was done, followed by CFDS. Doppler patterns of the glands were scored and peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurements were obtained from superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Results were correlated to isotope scanning which was used as a golden standard.Results: Vascular patterns were significantly more prominent, and the mean PSV values were significantly higher in the Graves' Disease patients compared to the thyroiditis patients than controls. CFDS could differentiate the untreated Graves' Disease from the thyroiditis which had similar grey scale findings but higher vascular patterns and significantly higher PSV values, sensitivity = 96.6%, specificity= 96.6 %, and P>0.001Conclusion: As an inexpensive, fast, and noninvasive imaging procedure, CFDS could be helpful in the initial clinical evaluation and may avoid scintigraphy in a substantial number of thyrotoxic patients

Correlation between Colour Duplex and Technetium-99m Thyroid Scan in Identifying the Cause of Toxic Goitre

Introduction: Differentiation between thyroiditis induced thyrotoxicosis and Graves' disease is important for selection of proper therapy. It is often difficult to make this distinction without performing thyroid scintigraphy. Color flow Doppler sonography (CFDS) is gaining importance for the functional evaluation of the thyroid disorders. We aimed to determine the value of CFDS for the etiological diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. Patients and methods: Thirty patients with clinical and lab signs of hyperthyroidism (12 Graves’ disease and, 18 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) with 10 euthyroid controls were evaluated.Etiological diagnosis was carried out using standard methods. Conventional grey scale sonography was done, followed by CFDS. Doppler patterns of the glands were scored and peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurements were obtained from superior and inferior thyroid arteries. Results were correlated to isotope scanning which was used as a golden standard.  Results: Vascular patterns were significantly more prominent, and the mean PSV values were significantly higher in the Graves' Disease patients compared to the thyroiditis patients than controls. CFDS could differentiate the untreated Graves' Disease from the thyroiditis which had similar grey scale findings but higher vascular patterns and significantly higher PSV values, sensitivity = 96.6%, specificity= 96.6 %, and P>0.001 Conclusion: As an inexpensive, fast, and noninvasive imaging procedure, CFDS could be helpful in the initial clinical evaluation and may avoid scintigraphy in a substantial number of thyrotoxic patients

Hemodynamic Monitoring In Critically Ill Patients in Paediatric ICU

Background: Monitoring hemodynamics in septic shock in pediatric age group. Aim of study was to compare the effects of dopamine, nor-epinephrine and epinephrine. Results: Sixty patients were divided into three groups according to vasoactive drug used dopamine, adrenaline or noradrenaline and subjected to measure cardiac functions by echocardiography Differences between three groups were significant regarding vital data (MAP) and echocardiography parameters (EF & FS & SV) and blood gases and oxygenation paramaters (P-valu

Evaluation of Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners versus Extra oral Scanners in Different Dental Arch Measurements

Background: Orthodontics has been influenced by new technologies in many areas. There is a shift toward digitization of patient’s information and data. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of intraoral scanner and extra oral scanners using different dental arch measurements. Materials and Methods: The sample size consisted of 44 dental stone models for patients who finished orthodontic treatment. For each subject two digital models were made, one digital model obtained from extra oral scanner and one digital model obtained from Intra oral scanner. An external examiner measured intermolar width, intercanine width, mesiodistal width of the first and second premolars on both left and right sides using ortho analyser 3shape programs from STL files. The same examiner evaluated the same measurements direct on the dental stone model using digital caliper. Results: The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two tested models, digital models versus stone models. Conclusions: Both intra oral and extra oral scanners were reliable on producing accurate digital model

A reversible state of hypometabolism in a human cellular model of sporadic Parkinson's disease

Sporadic Parkinson's Disease (sPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one contributing factor, but its role at different stages of disease progression is not fully understood. Here, we showed that neural precursor cells and dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from sPD patients exhibited a hypometabolism. Further analysis based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics identified the citric acid cycle, specifically the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), as bottleneck in sPD metabolism. A follow-up study of the patients approximately 10 years after initial biopsy demonstrated a correlation between OGDHC activity in our cellular model and the disease progression. In addition, the alterations in cellular metabolism observed in our cellular model were restored by interfering with the enhanced SHH signal transduction in sPD. Thus, inhibiting overactive SHH signaling may have potential as neuroprotective therapy during early stages of sPD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing factor in Parkinson's disease. Here the authors carry out a multilayered omics analysis of Parkinson's disease patient-derived neuronal cells, which reveals a reversible hypometabolism mediated by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, which is correlated with disease progression in the donating patients