Helium Neon laser therapy for post mastectomy lymphedema and shoulder mobility

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of Helium Neon (He–Ne) laser therapy on post mastectomy lymphedema and shoulder mobility. Thirty female patients with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), with or without radiotherapy had been participated in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of equal numbers. Group A received He–Ne laser therapy and decongestive lymphatic therapy. Group B received placebo laser therapy in addition to decongestive lymphatic therapy. Measurements of limb volume and shoulder mobility (by tape measurement and standard goniometer) were collected before treatment and after six months of treatment. The mean values of limb volume and Shoulder mobility after 6 months of treatment showed a significant improvement (p< 0.05) for the two groups of the study with a greater improvement for patients in group A. Conclusion: Helium Neon laser therapy has a positive effect in reducing post mastectomy lymphedema and increasing range of motion of shoulder joint.Keywords: Helium Neon laser; Lymphedema; Mastectomy; Shoulder mobilityThe Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics (2013) 14, 195–19

Stages of development in Arabic philosophical nomenclature: emergence, progression and stability

The study of the creation of a technical language within an existing natural language reveals to us both the internal and external dynamics of this complex phenomenon. The history of Arabic lexical definitions of different disciplines in the historical Islamic civilization provides us with a wealth of information on how these processes take place at each level of development. In this article while we will be highlighting on the history of Arabic intellectual lexical definitions we will focus on the development of the disciplines that constitute the Arabic philosophical technical languages i.e. Kalām and falsafah. In each discipline we closely followed the three conventional phases of development i.e. emergence, progression and stability. It should be remarked that though there are distinctive features of each phase, yet there are equally overlaps among these phases. This study brought to our attention the significant place of al-Ta rifat of al-Jurjānī as the most sophisticated dictionary of sciences in the historical Islamic civilization

Synchronous reluctance motors performance based on different electrical steel grades

This paper investigates the influence of various electrical steel grades on the torque and efficiency of synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs). Four different steel grades are studied for the same motor geometry. A finite-element method is combined with an experiment-based magnetic material model to study the effect of the four steel grades on the performance of the SynRM. On the one hand, there is a negligible effect on the torque ripple because this ripple depends mainly on the motor geometry. On the other hand, it was found that the material properties have an obvious effect on the SynRM efficiency and output power. Evidently, the low loss grades result in higher efficiency: 9% point higher for NO20 compared with M600-100A. One of the four considered grades is designed to have a higher flux density in the useful magnetic field range (a few hundreds to a few thousand amperes per meter). This grade has somewhat lower efficiency, but results in a higher saliency ratio and an 8% higher torque output compared with the worst grade. Some experimental validation results are shown