Synthesis and anti-Aphid Aphis gossypii (Glover) activity of some new quinoline derivatives

A series of quinoline derivatives have been elaborated fromreaction of 2-(m- and p-acetylanilino)-quinolines 6a-b withaldehydes under Claisen-Schmidt conditions followed by cyclization with phenyl hydrazine and hydroxylamine. Reaction of  6a and 6b with hydrazine, semicarbazide and thiosemicarbazide, cyanoacetylhydrazide and subsequent some condensation reactions led to diverse quinoline derivatives. Anti aphid  Aphis gossypii that harm cotton cropin Egypt was screened. Compound  12 showed an LC50 value of 19429E-10 ppm which is very more active than Marshal (Carbosulfan), one of the broad spectrum insecticides widely used in this field

FLOATING RANITIDINE MICROPARTICULATES: DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

Objective: Rapid and inconsistent gastrointestinal tract (GIT) transit could result in reduced drug efficiency and the need for frequent dose administration, which usually result in patients' incompliance. Ranitidine hydrochloride (RH), as a model drug is freely soluble, moisture sensitive drug with a short biological half-life (~2.5-3 h) and narrow absorption window in the initial part of the small intestine. The present study aimed to develop ranitidine floating multi-particulates (RFM) using melt granulation technique and investigation of the effect of lipids and additives on the physicochemical properties. Methods: RFM were prepared using Compritol® 888 ATO, glyceryl behenate, Cutina® HR, Cutina® GMS, hydrogenated castor oil, glyceryl monostearate, and beeswax as lipids and ethyl cellulose, Povidone® K 90 and Aerosil® 200 as release modifiers. The effect of the preparation method and additives, as well as storage for 6 mo at 40 °C, on floating and release characteristics were evaluated. Results: Size distribution indicated that the prepared formulations exhibited reasonably small floating micro particulates; more than 90% of the prepared microparticles were less than 710 µm. Hausner ratios and Carr's compressibility indices ranged from 1.17 to 1.29% and 14.54 to 22.4 %, respectively, and the angle of repose values was ≤40 °, indicating good flow properties. RFM containing Compritol® showed a relatively higher release properties compared to hydrogenated castor oil. Increasing the proportion of the fatty component was accompanied by retardation in RH release. The tested additives (PVP, ethyl cellulose, Aerosil®) resulted in different degrees of retardation of drug release. The percent-floating of RFM was almost 100% in all formulations with the exception of formulations prepared using glyceryl monostearate. FT-IR and DSC studies indicated the compatibility of the excipients with RH. Stability results revealed an insignificant change in RFM properties over 6 mo. Conclusion: The prepared microparticles exhibited optimum particle size, good compressibility, and flow properties. RFM containing Compritol® showed a relatively higher release properties compared to hydrogenated castor oil. Increasing the proportion of the fatty component was accompanied by retardation in RH release. The percent-floating of RFM was almost 100% in most formulations. FT-IR and DSC indicated good compatibility of the excipients with RH and insignificant change in RFM properties over 6 mo's storage

Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy Versus Bioptron on Psoriasis

Purpose: The current study was carried-out to examine the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy versus bioptron on psoriasis. Subjects and Methods: 60 patients of both sexes with psoriasis contributed in this study and they were aged from 30 to 60 years. They were randomized into two groups of the same number (A and B). Group (A) were given low level laser therapy (LLLT) and medical care, while group (B) were given bioptron light therapy (BLT) and the same medical care that received in group (A). The variables included Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and Dermoscopic finding were measured pre and post intervention program on psoriatic patients in both groups. Both groups were given treatment program 3 sessions a week for 8 weeks. Results: following 8 consecutive weeks, both groups showed statistically significant improvement in all outcome measures, however there was a significant difference between them post treatment, favoring group (A). Conclusion: Low level laser therapy and bioptron were beneficial treatment modalities in psoriatic patients and LLLT may be more effective in treating psoriasis

Egyptian consensus on treat-to-target approach for osteoporosis: a clinical practice guideline from the Egyptian Academy of bone health and metabolic bone diseases

Background: This study was carried out to achieve an Egyptian expert consensus on a treat-to-target managementstrategy for osteoporosis using Delphi technique. A scientific committee identified researchers and clinicians with expertise in osteoporosis in Egypt. Delphi process was implemented (2 rounds) to establish a consensus on 15 clinical standards: (1) concept, (2) diagnosis, (3) case identification, (4) whom to treat, (5) who should treat?, (6) case stratification and intervention thresholds, (7) falls risk, (8) investigations, (9) treatment target, (10) management, (11) optimum treatment duration, (12) monitoring, (13) drug holiday, (14) osteoporosis in men, and (15) post-fracture care and fracture liaison service. Results: The surveys were sent to an expert panel (n = 25), of whom 24 participated in the two rounds. Respondents were drawn from different governorates and health centres across Egypt including the Ministry of Health. Most of the participants were rheumatologists (76%), followed by internists (8%), orthopaedic doctors (4%), rehabilitation doctors (4%), primary care (4%), and ortho-geriatrics (4%) physicians. Seventy-two recommendations, categorised into 15 sections, were obtained. Agreement with the recommendations (rank 7–9) ranged from 83.4 to 100%. Consensus was reached (i.e. ≥ 75% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed) on the wording of all 15 clinical standards identified by the scientific committee. An algorithm for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis has been suggested. Conclusion: A wide and representative panel of experts established a consensus regarding the management of osteoporosis in Egypt. The developed guidelines provide a comprehensive approach to the assessment and management of osteoporosis for all Egyptian healthcare professionals who are involved in its management

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Geregelte Waschwassereinspritzung in den Hydrozyklonunterlauf

In hydrocyclones, the classification efficiency is limited by the fines, which are discharged together with the water in the underflow. There have been several attempts focused on improving the washing of the sediment in the conical section of the hydrocyclone. Tangential water injection into the cyclone cone has been applied to displace feed pulp water in the underflow stream and increase the sharpness of the separation. The application of water injection in cyclones has been restricted, until now, to special cases and to separation in coarse ranges. A further disadvantage is its sensitivity to changing feed conditions. The present work presents an improved technique, which was done via an injection at the upper end of the apex or the conical end. An experimental program has been carried out to study the design and operational parameters which influence the injection process. At the beginning, water only experiments have been done to investigate the effect of the injection on the water distribution through the overflow and underflow openings, after which a series of suspension experiments were performed. The results showed that there are optimum conditions of the injection process. Operating the cyclone at these optimum conditions results in a greater washing effect and reduces consumption of wash water. The process is stabilized by controlled water injection specific to the underflow shape. This controlled wash water injection is applied to kaolin processing for improving the kaolin recovery in the overflow by reducing the kaolin losses in the cyclone underflow. It was found that the water injection through the apex can reduce the percentage fines in the underflow with more than 65%. At the same time, the overflow quality was kept constant and a stable or relatively smaller cut size (d50) was achieved. The experimental data which demonstrate the marked improvement of the separation curves using controlled water injection were presented. These results were supported by a mathematical model describes the injection effect in the hydrocyclone on the basis of the separation model of Schubert and Neesse [1]. The simulation results showed reasonably good agreement with the experimental ones.Die Klassierung im Hydrozyklon wird durch den Fehlaustrag der Feinteilchen, die zusammen mit dem Wasser durch den Unterlauf ausgetragen werden, beschränkt. Es hat mehrere Versuche gegeben, die sich auf die Durchführung einer Sedimentwäsche im konischen Teil des Hydrozyklons konzentrierten. Es wurde eine tangentiale Wassereinspritzung in den Zyklonkonus angewandt mit dem Ziel, das aufgegebene Wasser zum Oberlaufstrom abzuleiten und die Trennschärfe zu erhöhen. Die Anwendung der Wasserinjektion im Zyklon ist bislang auf spezielle Fälle der Separation im Grobkornbereich beschränkt geblieben. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht in der Sensibilität dieser Methode gegenüber Fluktuationen im Hydrozykloneingang. Die vorgelegte Arbeit präsentiert eine weiterentwickelte Technik der Wasserinjektion am oberen Ende der Unterlaufdüse bzw. am Konusende. Das experimentelle Programm wurde darauf abgestimmt, die Einflüsse des Zyklongeometrie und der Prozessparameter, die den Injektionsprozess beeinflussen, zu untersuchen. Zunächst wurden die Experimente nur mit wassergespeistem Hydrozyklon durchgeführt, um die Wirkung der Injektion auf die Verteilung im Überlauf und Unterlauf zu untersuchen. Dann wurde mit Suspensionen weiter gearbeitet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es optimale Bedingungen für die Injektion gibt. Die Arbeit unter optimalen Bedingungen führt zu einer besseren Waschwirkung und reduziert den Waschwasserverbrauch. Der Prozess kann durch eine Regelung der Wassereinspritzung stabilisiert werden. Diese kontrollierte Waschwassereinspritzung wird in der Kaolinaufbereitung für die Reduzierung der Kaolinverluste im Zyklon-Unterlauf angewendet. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Wasserinjektion in der Unterlaufdüse den Kaolingehalt im Unterlauf um mehr als 65% verringern kann. Gleichzeitig wird die Überlaufsqualität konstant gehalten und eine stabile oder sogar kleinere Trennkorngröße (d50) erreicht. Die experimentellen Daten, die die deutliche Verbesserung der Trennkurven durch kontrollierte Wassereinspritzung zeigen, werden diskutiert. Diese Ergebnisse über die Wirkung der Injektion im Hydrozyklon wurden durch ein mathematisches Modell auf der Grundlage des Trennmodells von Schubert und Neesse beschrieben [1]. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigten gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Daten

Ultrasound guided bilateral rectus sheath block and serum TNF-α and IL-6 after radical prostatectomy: A randomized double blinded study

Background: General anesthesia can affect postoperative cytokine levels, leading to cellular immune inhibition following surgery. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bilateral rectus sheath block on serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 after radical prostatectomy. Methods: Fifty patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups. Group RSB: A bilateral single shot of 20 ml plain bupivacaine 0.25% or 20 ml normal saline (Group C) in each side of rectus sheath. Postoperative pain was controlled by morphine as a rescue analgesia. Primary outcome was postoperative serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Secondary outcome measures: The total morphine consumption and evaluation of the visual analog pain score at 24 and 48 h postoperative. Results: Both TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in the RSB group at 24 h postoperative, the mean value of TNF- α was 76.26 ± 4.07 pg/ml in RSB group and 93.15 ± 6.90 pg/ml in the control group (p < 0.001), while IL-6 was 89.65 ± 13.00 and 102.6 ± 24.70 pg/ml in both groups respectively (p = 0.01). In RSB group, the visual analog pain score and the total morphine consumption were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during the first 24 h postoperative while, the first time requested for rescue analgesia was significantly longer (p < 0.001). Conclusion: General anesthesia combined with bilateral rectus sheath block could decrease serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 after radical prostatectomy as well as decrease postoperative pain intensity with less opioid administration.Clinical trials.gov ID: NCT03074097. Keywords: Rectus sheath block, Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Postoperative pai

Evaluation of different chemicals to control Erysiphe betae the causal pathogen of sugar beet powdery mildew

Survey on sugar beet plantations at Minia and Assiut governorates, Egypt revealed that powdery mildew disease was the most epidemic threat on sugar beet plantations.&nbsp; It was noticed that the highest Area Under Powdery Mildew Progress Curve (AUPMPC) value was detected in Abnob locality, Assiut governorate while the lowest one was found in Maghagha locality, Minia governorate. Data revealed that five months’ post collection conidia of Erysiphe betae failed to infect sugar beet leaves cultivar FD.0807. Results of conidial germination showed that the percent germination in darkness was lower than in light. Also a high percentage of germinating conidia formed appressorium on dry glass slides. The examination of powdery mildew infected sugar beet leaves using scanning electron microscopy showed that the fungus penetrates the epidermis of the leaves by the haustoria which are folded in many patches forming a complex web almost completely covers the leaf. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate three chemical compounds containing plant macronutrients, along with five fungicides against powdery mildew disease. Results showed that sodium bicarbonate achieved the best disease control among the macronutrient-containing compounds followed by calcium chloride and potassium silicate, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate achieved the highest total soluble solids (TSS) percentage and root weight at all rates of application followed by calcium chloride, while potassium silicate achieved the least TSS % and root weight. Concerning fungicides, Bellis 38%WG gave noticeable result in disease reduction followed by Collis 30% SC and Tilt 25% EC, respectively. The results showed that the highest TSS % and root weight were detected in the roots of sugar beet plants treated with Bellis 38% fungicide followed by Collis 30%. Meanwhile, the lowest significant of TSS % and root weight was detected after treatment with Permatrol 99%