The impact of using produced water for plant irrigation and its effects on plants and soil characteristics

In this study, locally produced water was physically and chemically characterized. The results showed high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, sodium, boron ions and sodium adsorption ratio as 300, 122, 61, 0.038 g/L and 139.9 meq/L respectively. The generated water was used after different dilution:0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% for plant irrigation in greenhouse for Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Helianthus annus, Sorghum bicolor, Phramites australis and Salsola baryosma using a complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that all plants could not survive except Medicago sativa which tolerated up to 10% produced water with a decrease in intensity, length and biomass. Salsola baryosma tolerated up to20% produced water without any significance differences on the morphological characteristics. The FTIR results for Salsola tissues showed that cellulose structure has the great role in metals adsorption and transportation inside the plant tissue through the shifting or disappearance in transmission bands at 1028, 1334, 2852 and 2921 cm-1. The soil used in this study was sandy loam which showed a huge accumulation of sodium ions with increase in salinity and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The organic contents of produced water were below detection limits of gas chromatography (GC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) instruments after dilutions at different levels. The results of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extraction showed accumulation of less polar PAHs in 30% irrigated soil

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

method validation of drug quantification poster

A lowest detection limit with straight linearity were obtained by developing a method to analyze Phenacetin (Phe) in both aqueous and organic extraction by using Liquid chromatography Triple Quoadrpole mass with electrospray ionization (LCMSMS/ESI). The validation of the developed method was carried out according to ICH Harmonized Tripartite guideline. Validation criteria obtained were; the method detection limit MDL is 0.089 ng/ml, method quantification limit MQL is 0.19 ng/ml while the calibration curve linear from 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient R2 is 0.9994, Accuracy and precision up to 97% and the repeatability inter and intraday for six replicates of three concentration with RSD 2.1%. Separation occurred using Nova Pack C18 4 um, 150 x 3.9 mm column, using acetonitrile : 0.1% Formic acid 60:40% (v:v) at flow rate 1ml/min. the detector was triple quad mass spectrometry at multi-reaction mode MRM to detect parent mass 180.1 at frag 97 to transition fragments 110 and 138 at collision voltages 16 and 12 respectively