Irrational thoughts among visually impaired university students and its connectedness to certain variables ""A Descriptive Study – Analytical"

The present study aimed at identifying the prevailing irrational thoughts among visually–impaired university students, and the differences between them in light of certain variables. The sample of the study consisted of 124 visually–impaired students enrolled in the colleges of education, arts and the preparatory year in King Saud University in 1431/1432 H. The researchers developed and used a scale of irrational thoughts among visually–impaired university students. They also made use of the analytic descriptive method. Among the most important results of the study were: Thoughts related to pessimism are the most prevailing among visually–impaired university students. Students of the education college are dominated by irrational thoughts related to helplessness against others, compared to their visually– impaired peers in the college of arts and the preparatory year. Visually–impaired university students with visually–impaired fathers are dominated by irrational thoughts related to pessimism, isolation and social withdrawal. Illiterate mothers of visually–impaired students are dominated by irrational thoughts related to dependence. Mothers of students with disabilities and visually impaired to those with educational level (do not read nor write) were dominated by irrational thoughts related to reliability. Visually–impaired students in undergraduate programs are more aware of the irrational thoughts related to difficulties, pessimism and dependence

Influence of Some Innovation Attributes on the Adoption of Growing Sunflower in Rahad Scheme

The vital economic importance of sunflower as one of the oil crops encouraged its introduction to the Sudan in the last twenty years. The production of sunflower crop began in Rahad scheme, as in other irrigated areas in the country, in 1992/93 growing season. Field survey was used to collect data from 100 sunflower growers (adopters) in Rahad Scheme (block 10) in 2002/2003 growing season selected from a total population of 1000-1100 farmers by using the simple random sample technique. An equal number of non-adopters was selected for comparison. The total number of interviewed farmers was 200. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed significant association (dependency) between adoption of growing sunflower (the innovation) and some of its attributes: Relative advantage on perceived production cost and income, compatibility with farmers need as cash crop and animal feed, complexity associated with use of technical package for sunflower. From the findings of this study, we can conclude that the adoption of this crop was dependent on some innovation attributes and the results were expected to reveal factors influencing adoption of the crop. The authors recommend that more attention should be given by agronomists to this crop in order to improve the yield of the crop and extension services should design special programs for the crop to promote its rate of adoption

The Changes in the Lipid Composition of Mung Bean Seeds as Affected by Processing Methods

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.This study was conducted to assess in detail the possible effects of some technological processes such as soaking, germination, cooking, soaking + cooking, and germination + cooking on the lipid composition of mung bean seeds of Giza 1 variety. TLC analysis of mung bean lipids showed that the phospholipids and triglycerides recorded the highest percentage among lipid fractions (32.26 and 30.10%), while the 1,3 diglycerides constituted the least percentage (2.80%) in mung bean seeds. The soaking, germination and cooking processes caused a decrease in the phospholipids, triglycerides and hydrocarbons accompanied with an increase in monoglycerides, 1,2-(2,3)-diglycerides, sterols and free fatty acids. Eleven fractions were separated from phospholipids class of the studied samples; seven of these fractions were identified. The major component of phospholipids was phosphatidyl choline, amounting to 21.30, 17.84, 16.21, 13.87, 13.20 and 11.47% of the total phospholipids in raw, soaked, germinated, raw-cooked, soaked-cooked and germinated-cooked mung bean seeds, respectively. Gas liquid chromatography of the total lipids of mung bean seeds showed that the unsaturated fatty acids represented 69.58, 64.35, 63.3, 63.16, 61.84 and 61.12%, while the levels of saturated fatty acids were low being 30.37, 34.05, 35.66, 34.64, 37.93 and 38.75% of the total fatty acids in raw, soaked, germinated, raw-cooked, soaked-cooked and germinated-cooked, respectively. The total essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic) represented the highest proportion of fatty acids (50.10% of the total fatty acids)

The organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos affects form deprivation myopia

PURPOSE. The effects of the anticholinesterase organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the refractive development of the eye were examined. Form deprivation was used to induce eye growth to address the previously reported relationship between organophosphate pesticide use and the incidence of myopia. METHODS. Chickens, a well-established animal model for experimental myopia and organophosphate neurotoxicity, were dosed with chlorpyrifos (3 mg/kg per day, orally, from day 2 to day 9 after hatching) or corn oil vehicle (VEH) with or without monocular form deprivation (MFD) over the same period. The set of dependent measures included the refractive state of each eye measured using retinoscopy, axial dimensions determined with A-scan ultrasound, and intraocular pressure. RESULTS. Dosing with CPF yielded an inhibition of 35% butyrylcholinesterase in plasma and 45% acetylcholinesterase in brain. MFD resulted in a significant degree of myopia in form-deprived eyes resulting from significant lengthening of the vitreal chamber of the eye. CPF significantly reduced the effect of MFD, resulting in less myopic eyes (mean refraction: VEH-MFD = -16.2 ± 2.3 diopters; CPF-MFD = - 11.1 ± 1.8 diopters) with significantly shorter vitreal chambers. Nonoccluded eyes were, on average, slightly hyperopic. Treatment with CPF for 1 week in the absence of MFD led to no significant change in ocular dimensions or refraction relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS. The use of form deprivation as a challenge suggests that CPF treatment interferes with the visual regulation of eye growth

نمط التواصل بين المحاضرين والدافع الداخلي والخارجي لدى طلبة الجامعات The pattern of communication between lecturers and the internal and external motivation of university students

هناك نوع من العلاقة بين المحاضرين والطلبة في الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا؛ حيث إن بعض الطلبة يرون أنه ليس لديهم دافعية في التواصل مع المحاضرين لأسباب شخصية وعلمية، وبعضهم يرى غير ذلك، كذلك فإن المحاضرين عندهم وجهات نظر مختلفة في التواصل مع الطلبة لأسباب اجتماعية أو شخصية أو طبيعة بشرية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على تصورات نمط التواصل بين المحاضرين والدافع الداخلي والخارجي عند الطلبة من وجهة نظر محاضري اللغة العربية ومحاضراتها، ومن وجهة نظر الطلبة من قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها في الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا، وكذلك تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان وجهة نظر محاضري اللغة العربية ومحاضراتها ووجهة نظر طلبة قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها في الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا حول علاقة نمط التواصل بين المحاضرين والدافع الداخلي والخارجي عند الطلبة. تتحدد نتائج الدراسة باقتصارها على 5 محاضرين و30 طالبا وطالبة من قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها في الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا من العام الدراسي 2017/2018م. سوف تجيب الدراسة عن الأسئلة الآتية: السؤال الأول وهو هل توجد فروق بين وجهة نظر محاضري اللغة العربية ومحاضراتها ووجهة نظر طلبة قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها في الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا حول نمط التواصل بين المحاضرين والدافع الداخلي والخارجي عند الطلبة؟ كذلك عن السؤال الثاني هل توجد فروق بين وجهة نظر محاضري اللغة العربية ووجهة نظر محاضرات اللغة العربية في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها في الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا حول نمط التواصل بين المحاضرين والدافع الداخلي والخارجي عند الطلبة، والسؤال الثالث وهو: هل توجد فروق بين وجهة نظر الطلبة ووجهة نظر الطالبات في قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها في الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا حول نمط التواصل بين المحاضرين والدافع الداخلي والخارجي عند الطلبة. الكلمات المفتاحية: نمط التواصل، الدافع الداخلي والخارجي، طلبة الجامعات، محاضرات اللغة العربية. There is a kind of relationship between lecturers and students at the International Islamic University in Malaysia; As some students see that they are not motivated to communicate with the lecturers for personal and scientific reasons, and some see otherwise, the lecturers also have different points of view in communicating with students for social, personal, or human nature reasons. This study aims to identify the perceptions of the communication style between lecturers and the internal and external motivation of students from the point of view of Arabic language lecturers and lectures, and from the point of view of students from the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at the International Islamic University in Malaysia. And the point of view of the students of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at the International Islamic University in Malaysia about the relationship of the pattern of communication between the lecturers and the students’ internal and external motivation. The results of the study are limited to 5 lecturers and 30 students from the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at the International Islamic University in Malaysia from the 2017/2018 academic year. The study will answer the following questions: The first question is, are there differences between the viewpoint of Arabic language lecturers and lectures and the viewpoint of the students of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at the International Islamic University in Malaysia about the style of communication between the lecturers and the students’ internal and external motivation? Also about the second question: Are there differences between the viewpoint of the Arabic language lecturers and the viewpoint of the Arabic language lectures in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at the International Islamic University in Malaysia about the style of communication between the lecturers and the students’ internal and external motivation, and the third question: Are there differences between the students’ viewpoint And the point of view of the female students in the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at the International Islamic University in Malaysia about the pattern of communication between the lecturers and the students’ internal and external motivation. Keywords: communication style, internal and external motivation, university students, Arabic language lecture

In Vitro Screening for Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Effects of Uvaria littoralis Blume.: A Nootropic Phytotherapeutic Remedy

Background: Oxidative stress is strongly linked in the development of numerous chronic and degenerative disorders. Medicinal plants with antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities exert a key role for the management of oxidative stress related disorders mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess antioxidant potentiality and anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of crude methanolic extract (CME), petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CLF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction (AQF) of Uvaria littoralis (U. littoralis) leaves. Methods: The antioxidant compounds namely total flavonoids contents (TFCs) and total proanthocyanidins contents (TPACCs) were determined for quantities constituent’s characterization. Antioxidant capacity of U. littoralis leaves were estimated by the iron reducing power (IRPA), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging capacity. Anticholinesterase effects were estimated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinestrase (BChE) activity. Results: The EAF of U. littoralis leaves showed the highest TFCs as compared to CLF, CME, PEF and AQF. TPACCs were also found highest in EAF. The highest absorbance for IRPA was found in EAF (2.220 nm) with respect to CME and other fractions at the highest concentration. The EAF showed best DPPH and NO radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 31.63 and 55.47 μg/mL, respectively with regard to CME and remaining fractions. The PEF represents highest AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 35.19 μg/mL and CLF showed highest BChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 32.49 μg/mL. Conclusions: The findings of the current study demonstrate the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals, likewise, turns out antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentiality of U. littoralis leaves which could be a prestigious candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases especially AD

Physical activity across the lifespan and liver cancer incidence in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

While liver cancer rates in the United States are increasing, 5-year survival is only 17.6%, underscoring the importance of prevention. Physical activity has been associated with lower risk of developing liver cancer, but most studies assess physical activity only at a single point in time, often in midlife. We utilized physical activity data from 296,661 men and women in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort to test whether physical activity patterns over the life course could elucidate the importance of timing of physical activity on liver cancer risk. We used group modeling of longitudinal data to create physical activity trajectories using four time points across the life course from teenage years through middle age, identifying seven distinct trajectories. We then used Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the association between the physical activity trajectories and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of liver cancer. We found that, in adjusted analyses, compared to those with consistently low physical activity patterns, those who maintained activity levels over time had a 26-36% lower risk of liver cancer and those who increased physical activity over time had no associations with risk, while those who decreased activity over time had a nonsignificantly higher risk of liver cancer. Our results suggest that sustained physical activity is associated with lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, while increasing physical activity later in life may not yield the same benefit. Future research with larger sample sizes and more detailed data on dose and timing of physical activity may continue to yield insight into this association between physical activity and liver cancer risk

A Novel P@SiO2 Nano-Composite as Effective Adsorbent to Remove Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Media

This work aims to prepare a novel phosphate-embedded silica nanoparticles (P@SiO2) nanocomposite as an effective adsorbent through a hydrothermal route. Firstly, a mixed solution of sodium silicate and sodium phosphate was passed through a strong acidic resin to convert it into hydrogen form. After that, the resultant solution was hydrothermally treated to yield P@SiO2 nanocomposite. Using kinetic studies, methylene blue (MB) dye was selected to study the removal behavior of the P@SiO2 nanocomposite. The obtained composite was characterized using several advanced techniques. The experimental results showed rapid kinetic adsorption where the equilibrium was reached within 100 s, and the pseudo-second-order fitted well with experimental data. Moreover, according to Langmuir, one gram of P@SiO2 nanocomposite can remove 76.92 mg of the methylene blue dye. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and ordered at the solid/solution interface. Finally, the results indicated that the presence of NaCl did not impact the adsorption behavior of MB dye. Due to the significant efficiency and promising properties of the prepared P@SiO2 nanocomposite, it could be used as an effective adsorbent material to remove various cationic forms of pollutants from aqueous solutions in future works