Conformal mapping of unbounded multiply connected regions onto canonical slit regions

We present a boundary integral equation method for conformal mapping of unbounded multiply connected regions onto five types of canonical slit regions. For each canonical region, three linear boundary integral equations are constructed from a boundary relationship satisfied by an analytic function on an unboundedmultiply connected region. The integral equations are uniquely solvable. The kernels involved in these integral equations are the modified Neumann kernels and the adjoint generalized Neumann kernels

Morphological Variation between Life and Death Gastropod Populations in the Nile Delta: A Pollution-Induced Evolution

Wetland ecosystems of the Nile Delta face severe threats due to natural climatic changes and anthropogenic activities. Life and death assemblage comparisons can be implemented as a historical record to detect anthropogenic-induced environmental changes in the past few decades. A geometric morphometric approach was applied to quantify the pollution-induced morphological variation between life and death populations of the gastropod Melanoides tuberculata. The results indicated that life populations differ significantly from the death ones, where the first tend to be much smaller, more globular, and with a depressed aperture and whorl section. In addition, the phenetic diversity of the life populations was also decreased, and the allometric growth was shifted. These morphological changes in the life populations are well-known adaptations for reducing the cost of shell maintenance in polluted water. No distinct morphospace was found between life populations from different habitats, suggesting that habitats have no significant role in the current pollution-induced evolution.This work is funded by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R455), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

An integral equation method for solving neumann problems on simply and multiply connected regions with smooth boundaries

This research presents several new boundary integral equations for the solution of Laplace’s equation with the Neumann boundary condition on both bounded and unbounded multiply connected regions. The integral equations are uniquely solvable Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with the generalized Neumann kernel. The complete discussion of the solvability of the integral equations is also presented. Numerical results obtained show the efficiency of the proposed method when the boundaries of the regions are sufficiently smooth

Influence of Some Innovation Attributes on the Adoption of Growing Sunflower in Rahad Scheme

The vital economic importance of sunflower as one of the oil crops encouraged its introduction to the Sudan in the last twenty years. The production of sunflower crop began in Rahad scheme, as in other irrigated areas in the country, in 1992/93 growing season. Field survey was used to collect data from 100 sunflower growers (adopters) in Rahad Scheme (block 10) in 2002/2003 growing season selected from a total population of 1000-1100 farmers by using the simple random sample technique. An equal number of non-adopters was selected for comparison. The total number of interviewed farmers was 200. The collected data was statistically analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed significant association (dependency) between adoption of growing sunflower (the innovation) and some of its attributes: Relative advantage on perceived production cost and income, compatibility with farmers need as cash crop and animal feed, complexity associated with use of technical package for sunflower. From the findings of this study, we can conclude that the adoption of this crop was dependent on some innovation attributes and the results were expected to reveal factors influencing adoption of the crop. The authors recommend that more attention should be given by agronomists to this crop in order to improve the yield of the crop and extension services should design special programs for the crop to promote its rate of adoption

Evaluation of Bacteriological profile of Chronic Osteomyelitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital with special emphasis on Dominant Pathogen Staphylococcus Aureus.

INTRODUCTION : The first description of chronic osteomyelitis date back to early Sumerian carvings, the fossil was 250 million years old. At that time the mode of treatment was irrigation, immobilisation and bandaging. Traditional treatment included the use of honey, donkey faeces and even wine. In the past three centuries, the treatment involved the use of local ointments. In 1834, Nelaton coined the term osteomyelitis. In Greek, Osteon means bone, myelo means marrow, it is means infection. Osteomyelitis is primarily caused by bacteria . It can also be caused by fungal and even viral infections. Usually occurs in paediatric age group and in immunodeficient individuals. Haematogenous osteomyelitis is most common in children. Osteomyelitis from adjacent source of infection (diabetic ulcer), post trauma, post operative conditions are common in the elderly age group. Chronic osteomyelitis is identified radiologically by the presence of dead necrotic bone and new bone formation and surgically by persisting discharging sinus. The fragment of dead bone is called sequestrum. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : 1. To determine the bacteriological profile of Chronic Osteomyelitis. 2. To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial isolates of Chronic Osteomyelitis. 3. To find out the prevalence of MRSA in Chronic Osteomyelitis patients. 4. To provide guidelines for empirical antibiotic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Observational Study covering bacteriological profile of chronic osteomyelitis and their antibiogram. During the April 2011 to April 2012 study period for this study 50 patients who were diagnosed clinically and radiologically as a case of Chronic Osteomyelitis are participating in this study. The risk factors for Chronic Osteomyelitis were obtained from patient case sheets with the help of orthopaedic surgeons in the department of orthopaedic TMCH. Inclusion Criteria : All cases of chronic osteomyelitis with the following clinical features are included in this study. 1. Prolonged history of disease present, 2. Constitutional symptoms are absent, 3. Frequent flare up of infection occurs, 4. Occasionally bony spicules emerges out of the discharging sinus, 5. Restricted neighbouring joint movement, 6. Deformities like shortening and gross angulations of bone occurs due to bone loss. Exclusion Criteria : The below cases were excluded from this study 1. Acute osteomyelitis cases, 2. Osteomyelitis due to Anaerobic organisms, 3. Tuberculous osteomyelitis. RESULTS : In this study, the total number of cases Chronic Osteomyelitis considered was 50. 1. Following Haematogenous Osteomyelitis – 3 cases, 2. Trauma – 30 cases; a. Trauma patients without diabetes – 24, b. Trauma patients with diabetes as risk factor– 6, 3. Postoperative Osteomyelitis – 17 cases, a. Postoperative patients without implants – 10, b. Postoperative patients with prosthetic implants – 7, CONCLUSION : Chronic Osteomyelitis is a chronic disease most commonly occurring in adults with the involvement of long bones especially femur and tibia. Due to the advent of antibiotics and high vascular metaphysis of growing bones in children, the occurrence of haematogenous Osteomyelitis is coming down. In this study staphylococcus aureus is the commonest organism causing Chronic Osteomyelitis. The Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is sensitive vancomycin and linezolid.Cotrimoxazole , doxycyline , erythromycin can also be used for the treatment of MRSA.The injudicious use of antibiotics has led to development of MRSA and resistance to betalactam drugs. As a routine the orthopaedician should ask for bacterial cultural sensitivity for Chronic Osteomyelitis. As anaerobes and gram negative bacilli constitute a major proportion of Chronic Osteomyelitis , culture and sensitivity should be done for both the organisms. Patients’ hospital stay duration should be minimised and out-patient treatment with oral drugs should be encouraged. Prevention is better than cure. Strict asepsis should be maintained during any operative procedures

Tissue trauma and inflammatory response following laparoscopic versus abdominal hysterectomy: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with more favorable clinical outcome than conventional open surgery. This might be related to the magnitude of tissue trauma and tissue stress response. This study compares the intensity of tissue injury by assessing plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy compared to abdominal hysterectomy.Methods: This study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital from May 2018 to February 2020. 74 women candidate for hysterectomy were recruited and randomized into two groups: group A included 37 cases who underwent abdominal hysterectomy, and group B included 37 cases that underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy.Results: CRP, LDH and CA125 significantly increased post-operatively in both groups. Postoperative mean serum CRP, LDH and CA125 were significantly higher in the laparotomy group (10.84±2.47, 262.21±76.77, and 13.41±2.6 respectively) compared to laparoscopy group (7.92±2.25, 148.53±43.56, 11.79±2.77 respectively) (p<0.05).Conclusions: Surgery is a significant cause of tissue injury that can be assessed by specific markers. We suggest that laparoscopic surgery causes less tissue damage as assessed by lower postoperative CRP and LDH values, which might account for the earlier recovery and reduced hospital stay in laparoscopic surgery

Enhancement of alpha amylase production by Aspergillus flavus AUMC 11685 on mandarin (Citrus reticulata) peel using submerged fermentation

Mandarin peel as submerged fermentation (SmF) source was tested for the production of alpha amylase enzyme by strain of Aspergillus flavus AUMC 11685. Incubation period, concentration of substrate, temperature, pH and size of inoculum were optimized to achieve the maximum production of alpha amylase enzyme by Aspergillus flavus using mandarin peel. The maximum production of alpha amylase enzyme by Aspergillus flavus&nbsp;was recorded at 4-5 days of incubation, 3% substrate concentration, inoculum concentration 10%, temperature 28-40°C and pH 4-5.5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.81827