Transversal Eccentric Domination in Graphs

We introduce transversal eccentric dominating(TED) set. An eccentric dominating set $D$ is called a TED-set if it intersects with every minimum eccentric dominating set $D'$. We find the TED-number $\gamma_{ted}$ of some standard graphs. Results are stated and proved

Coupling distance in Graphs

In this paper the coupling distance of simple connected graphs are introduced. The different parameters of coupling distance like coupling eccentricity, coupling radius, coupling diameter, coupling center and coupling periphery are defined. The coupling parameters for different standard graphs are obtained

Equitable eccentric domination in graphs

In this paper, we define equitable eccentric domination in graphs. An eccentric dominating set S ⊆ V (G) of a graph G(V, E) is called an equitable eccentric dominating set if for every v ∈ V − S there exist at least one vertex u ∈ V such that |d(v) − d(u)| ≤ 1 where vu ∈ E(G). We find equitable eccentric domination number γeqed(G) for most popular known graphs. Theorems related to γeqed(G) have been stated and proved

Iron(III)-catalyzed chlorination of activated arenes

A general and regioselective method for the chlorination of activated arenes has been developed. The transformation uses iron(III) triflimide as a powerful Lewis acid for the activation of N-chlorosuccinimide and the subsequent chlorination of a wide range of anisole, aniline, acetanilide and phenol derivatives. The reaction was utilized for the late-stage mono- and di-chlorination of a range of target compounds such as the natural product nitrofungin, the antibacterial agent chloroxylenol and the herbicide chloroxynil. The facile nature of this transformation was demonstrated with the development of one-pot tandem iron-catalyzed dihalogenation processes allowing highly regioselective formation of different carbon-halogen bonds. The synthetic utility of the resulting dihalogenated aryl compounds as building blocks was established with the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutically relevant targets

PDMS-based dual-channel pneumatic microactuator using sacrificial molding fabrication technique

This paper presents a novel polydimethylsiloxane-based dual-channel bellows-structured pneumatic actuator, fabricated through sacrificial molding technique. A finite element analysis was performed to find the optimum structure and analyze the bending performance of the square-bellows actuator. The actuator was fabricated using acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene-based sacrificial mold to form the channel and bellow structures with an overall actuator size of 5 × 5 × 27.6 mm3. The experimental validation has revealed that the actuator attained a smooth bi-directional bending motion with maximum angles of -25° and 35° and force of -0.168 and 0.212 N under left and right channel actuation, respectively, at 100 kPa pressure. Hence, the state-of-the-art dual channels square-bellows actuator was able to achieve an optimum bi-directional bending with low input pressure, which would push the boundaries of soft robotics towards the development of more safe and flexible robotic surgical tools

Estimation of Blood Oxygen Content Using Context-Aware Filtering

In this paper we address the problem of estimating the blood oxygen concentration in children during surgery.Currently, the oxygen content can only be measured through invasive means such as drawing blood from the patient. In this work, we attempt to perform estimation by only using other non-invasive measurements (e.g., fraction of oxygen in inspired air, volume of inspired air) collected during surgery. Although models mapping these measurements to blood oxygen content contain multiple parameters that vary widely across patients, the non-invasive measurements can be used to provide binary information about whether the oxygen concentration is rising or dropping. This information can then be incorporated in a context-aware filter that is used to combine regular continuous measurements with discrete detection events in order to improve estimation. We evaluate the filter using real-patient data collected over the last decade at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and show that it is a promising approach for the estimation of unobservable physiological variables

Efficacy of Green Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Potential Therapeutic Applications : Circumstantial Insight on Mechanistic Aspects

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (GS-CeO 2 NPs) have a unique size, shape, and biofunctional properties and are decorated with potential biocompatible agents to perform various therapeutic actions, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant effects and drug delivery, by acquiring various mechanistic approaches at the molecular level. In this review article, we provide a detailed overview of some of these critical mechanisms, including DNA fragmentation, disruption of the electron transport chain, degradation of chromosomal assemblage, mitochondrial damage, inhibition of ATP synthase activity, inhibition of enzyme catalytic sites, disorganization, disruption, and lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane, and inhibition of various cellular pathways. This review article also provides up-to-date information about the future applications of GS-CeONPs to make breakthroughs in medical sectors for the advancement and precision of medicine and to effectively inform the disease diagnosis and treatment strategies.Peer reviewe

Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential of 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid isolated from Nuxia oppositifolia

Nuxia oppositifolia is traditionally used in diabetes treatment in many Arabian countries; however, scientific evidence is lacking. Hence, the present study explored the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the plant extracts and their purified compounds. The methanolic crude extract of N. oppositifolia was partitioned using a two-solvent system. The n-hexane fraction was purified by silica gel column chromatography to yield several compounds including katononic acid and 3-oxolupenal. Antidiabetic activities were assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. Antioxidant capacities were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Further, the interaction between enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and ligands (3-oxolupenal and katononic acid) was followed by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking studies. 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid showed IC50 values of 46.2 µg/mL (101.6 µM) and 52.4 µg/mL (119.3 µM), respectively against the amylase inhibition. 3-oxolupenal (62.3 µg/mL or 141.9 µM) exhibited more potent inhibition against α-glucosidases compared to katononic acid (88.6 µg/mL or 194.8 µM). In terms of antioxidant activity, the relatively polar crude extract and n-butanol fraction showed the greatest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. However, the antioxidant activities of the purified compounds were in the low to moderate range. Molecular docking studies confirmed that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid interacted strongly with the active site residues of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Fluorescence quenching results also suggest that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid have a good affinity towards both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. This study provides preliminary data for the plant’s use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

GARM: A stochastic evolution based genetic algorithm with rewarding mechanism for wind farm layout optimization

Wind energy has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional energy sources for economical and clean power generation. One important aspect of wind energy generation is the layout design of the wind farm so as to harness maximum energy. Due to its inherent computational complexity, the wind farm layout design problem has traditionally been solved using nature-inspired algorithms. An important issue in nature-inspired algorithms is the termination condition, which governs the execution time of the algorithm. To optimize the execution time, appropriate termination conditions should be employed. This study proposes the concept of a rewarding mechanism to achieve optimization in termination conditions while maintaining the solution quality. The proposed rewarding mechanism, adopted from the stochastic evolution algorithm, is incorporated into a genetic algorithm. The proposed genetic algorithm with the rewarding mechanism (GARM) is empirically tested using real data from a potential wind farm site with different rewarding iterations

Wind and wind power characteristics of the eastern and southern coastal and northern inland regions, South Africa

The objective of this work is to understand the fluctuating nature of wind speed characteristics on different time scales and to find the long-term annual trends of wind speed at different locations in South Africa. The hourly average mean wind speed values over a period of 20 years are used to achieve the set objective. Wind speed frequency, directional availability of maximum mean wind speed, total energy, annual energy yield and plant capacity factors are determined for seven locations situated both inland and along the coast of South Africa. The highest mean wind speed (6.01 m/s) is obtained in Port Elizabeth and the lowest mean wind speed (3.86 m/s) is obtained in Bloemfontein. Wind speed increased with increasing latitudes at coastal sites (Cape Town, Durban, East London and Port Elizabeth), while the reverse trend was observed at inland locations (Bloemfontein, Johannesburg and Pretoria). Noticeable annual changes and relative wind speed values are found at coastal locations compared to inland sites. The energy pattern factor, also known as the cube factor, varied between a minimum of 1.489 in Pretoria and a maximum of 1.858 in Cape Town. Higher energy pattern factor (EPF) values correspond to sites with fair to good wind power potential. Finally, Cape Town, East London and Port Elizabeth are found to be good sites for wind power deployments based on the wind speed and power characteristics presented in this study.The Deanship of Scientific Research at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.https://link.springer.com/journal/11356hj2023Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin