[Basic Concepts and Principles of Manufacturing According to Islam] Konsep Asas dan Prinsip Pembuatan Menurut Islam

Malaysia has been practising manufacturing practices brought by the West and East which aim purely for materialism. This phenomenon causes a variety of problems in the manufacturing sector in this country, such as the erosion of the humanity, environmental pollution and exploitation of human labor. Manufacturing practices that are not based on the Islamic concept lead to many things that neither conform to sharia compliance nor suitable to the needs of the Muslim society. This study has two objectives. Firstly, to identify the principles of manufacturing from Islamic point of view. Secondly, to formulate a definition of Islam manufacturing as a fundamental procedure that can be used as a basis of manufacturing practices that abide to sharia, taharah, barakah and can eliminate shubhah. This qualitatif study uses document analysis as its instrument. It involves inductive and comparative analysis of data generated from Quran, hadith and Islamic scholars’ writing. This study found that there are 4 fundamentals of Islam manufacturing: tauhid, man as khalifah, akhlak and quality of product. Meanwhile the principles of Islam manufacturing are associated with owners, capitalization, staff, premises, equipment, materials, work processes, and product documentation. The study concluded that Islamic manufacturing is a balanced and integrated process of transforming the source of material which is syariah compliant, taharah and barakah towards the elimination of shubhah for the welfare of the community in this world and hereafter. Keywords: Islamic manufacturing, syariah compliance, taharah, barakah, shubhah.   Negara Malaysia telah di sebati dengan amalan pembuatan yang dibawa oleh barat dan timur yang bermatlamatkan kebendaan semata-mata. Fenomena ini mengundang pelbagai masalah dalam sektor pembuatan di negara ini seperti materialisme, hakisan nilai kemanusiaan, pencemaran alam sekitar, pembaziran dan eksploitasi tenaga manusia. Amalan pembuatan yang tidak dikawal dengan konsep Islam menyebabkan banyak perkara yang terlibat dalam proses pembuatan tidak menepati kepatuhan syariah serta tidak bersesuaian dengan keperluan masyarakat Islam. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti prinsip-prinsip pembuatan dari pandangan Islam dan merumuskan satu definisi pembuatan Islam sebagai satu usaha untuk mengasaskan teori pembuatan Islam yang boleh dijadikan dasar kepada amalan pembuatan Islam yang menepati kepatuhan syariah, taharah, barakah dan boleh menghapuskan shubhah. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan analisis dokumen sebagai instrumen kajian. Ia melibatkan analisis data secara induktif dan komparatif terhadap sumber-sumber muktabar Islam iaitu al-Quran, hadith dan penulisan para sarjana Islam. Kajian ini mendapati asas-asas pembuatan Islam meliputi tauhid, manusia sebagai khalifah, akhlak dan produk yang berkualiti. Sementara itu, prinsip-prinsip pembuatan Islam merangkumi komponen-komponen yang melibatkan pemilik perusahaan, permodalan, pekerja, premis, peralatan, bahan, proses kerja, pendokumentasian dan produk. Berasaskan pandangan Islam tentang asas pembuatan serta prinsip-prinsip pembuatan Islam yang diterokai, maka kajian ini merumuskan pembuatan Islam ialah satu proses yang bersepadu dan seimbang dalam mentransformasikan sumber bahan yang menepati kepatuhan syariah (syariah compliance), taharah dan barakah ke arah penghapusan shubhah demi kesejahteraan ummah di dunia dan akhirat.   Kata kunci: Pembuatan Islam, kepatuhan syariah, taharah, barakah dan shubhah

Design improvement of automatic transmission system for remote controlled car

Remote controlled cars currently in the market only offer one transmission mode. They are less efficient in acceleration while the torque cannot be increase during the low speed. Although improvement has been made by upgrading to two speed transmissions, but the gearing system is still not sufficient to maximize the speed of nitro engine. With a third gear, the car has the potential to increase its velocity and fully utilize its engine power. This paper focus on the transmission system model for 1/10th scale nitro engine which can produce up to 30,000 rpm. The third gears has shown significant improvement of the car theoretical speed up to 210 km/h

Design and Development of 3-Axis Benchtop CNC Milling Machine for Educational Purpose

The main factor in improving learning skills is providing students with hands-on laboratory experience, and the small-scale machine can accomplish academic programs requiring students to learn machining skills. This paper aims to design and develop a 3-axis CNC milling machine with a PC-based open architecture controller in a vertical position open frame structure. Some technical specifications were randomly selected based on the capabilities of similarly sized machines reviewed in previous work. The designed machine consisted of inexpensive off-the-shelf hardware components capable of machining the sample block with high cutting speed and reasonable precision. The accepted percentage error of circular and straightness test readings is below the set requirements. This machine is not intended for series production and precise machining. It can still effectively replace the high cost of commercial CNC machines and be used in any higher education institution offering technical courses

Design and Development of 3-Axis Benchtop CNC Milling Machine for Educational Purpose

The main factor in improving learning skills is providing students with hands-on laboratory experience, and the small-scale machine can accomplish academic programs requiring students to learn machining skills. This paper aims to design and develop a 3-axis CNC milling machine with a PC-based open architecture controller in a vertical position open frame structure. Some technical specifications were randomly selected based on the capabilities of similarly sized machines reviewed in previous work. The designed machine consisted of inexpensive off-the-shelf hardware components capable of machining the sample block with high cutting speed and reasonable precision. The accepted percentage error of circular and straightness test readings is below the set requirements. This machine is not intended for series production and precise machining. It can still effectively replace the high cost of commercial CNC machines and be used in any higher education institution offering technical courses

Analysis of automated G-clip machine processes and substation process with simulation by using CAD software

The paper presents the work of analysis of Automated G-clip Paperclip machine of using Solidworks Simulation and a comparison between results of each analysis in cutting process using design of experiment (DOE) and followed by design verification of simulating the cutting process after design changes. It emphasizes on the analysis of process and additional substation process to overcomes current machining problem. The current problem is occurred at the cutting station, which lead to poor quality product. There is two-design stage, which is preliminary of design of experiments conducted in order to fulfill the design validity and design verification. Application of longitudinal cyclic transfer system in feeding with pre-straightener substation is implied for comprehensive feeding of the wire with 1.3 mm diameter in 2 second. Forming dies with stepper motor controller give the precise positioning and repeatability of movement since good stepper motors have an accuracy between 3 5% of a step and this error is non-cumulative from one step to the next. By incorporating the new station in simulation procedure for this machine, it shows that the product quality is improved

Determining optimum electro discharge machining parameters for drilling of a small hole by utilizing Taguchi method

Electro discharge machining (EDM) is a process that uses an electric sparks to generate the high temperature and melt the workpiece. One of the EDM process is drilling. In EDM drilling, an electro thermal mechanism is introduced between the electrode and work piece to create the hole. The hole size is dependent on the diameters of electrode used during the drilling process. The present study performs Taguchi method to investigate the optimal process parameters for high-speed EDM super drill machine that is used to make a small hole. The workpiece used is made from titanium alloy (Ti-6: ASTM B348 Grade 5) and the copper electrode is 2.0 mm in diameter. In this experiment, the process parameters that were selected to be optimised are: current pulse off, maximum current and standard voltage levels. An orthogonal array L9 were employed to analyze the hole enlargement and material removal rate (MRR) depending on 2.0 mm diameter hole penetration. The optimum EDM parameters for hole making process was established and verified with the acquired results

Metaheuristic nature-inspired algorithms for reservoir optimization operation: A systematic literature review

The purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) article is to discuss the findings of the state-of-art metaheuristic nature-inspired algorithm (MHNIA) in reservoir optimization operation. The rationale of this approach is to elucidate the optimal way as decision making that implemented MHNIA for several complex problems in reservoir optimization operation. Commonly, the metaheuristic optimization algorithm has always been used in hydrology field, especially in reservoir optimization. Hence, this presented study reviewed a considerable amount from the previous studies of commonly nature-based optimization algorithms applied in reservoir operations. Hence, preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) has been used as guidance. The source was utilized from two primary journal databases: Scopus and web of science. According to the proposed search string, the findings managed to express into nine main themes which are optimize in water release, optimize reservoir operation problems, optimize hydropower operation, optimize condensate fluids in reservoir storage, optimize water pumped storage, optimize water quality control, optimize system performance operation, optimize water demand and optimize reservoir control as flood preventing. Overall, 24 articles that passed the minimum quality were retrieved using systematic searching strategies

Machinability And Surface Quality Of Hybrid Composite CFRP/Al2024

oai:myjas.www.journal.unisza.edu.my:article/1The use of hybrid composite has increased due to their special mechanical and physical properties. However, machining of composite materials is extremely difficult due to non-homogeneous, anisotropic and highly abrasive characteristics. The performance of machined surface quality of CFRP/Al2024 was described using two level full factorial methodology. Trimming test was performed under dry conditions using 6mm diameter of burr tools end mills. The factors investigated were spindle speed(N), feed rate(fr) and depth of cut(dc), furthermore Ra CFRP and Ra Al2024 were the response variables. This work aims to minimize the machined surface quality of CFRP/Al2024 between 1μm to 2μm. The finding of this empirical study has shown that, the best estimated value of fr should be 500 mm/min to 530 mm/min, N is between and 2313.870 rpm to 2336.042 rpm. For both response spindle speed is the most significant effect followed by Feed rate and Depth of Cut

Development of the PC-based Integrated Interface System of STEP file for CNC Machining Application: Circular Features

STEP is a general data format that observes the international standard ISO 10303-21. STEP means Standard for the Exchange of Product model data. It consists of the 3D geometry of a computer-aided design (CAD) model in the configuration of boundary representation (B-rep). By extracting, refining and decoding the geometric data correctly, the data can be utilized for writing G-code for Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining application.  Usually G-codes can either be manually generated by skilled machinists or automatically generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. However, manually generated G-code is inefficient and susceptible to error. Meanwhile automated generation G-code requires significant setup cost. This paper describes the design and development of an integrated interface system, an instrument aimed to be used to analyze STEP files and generate machining tool path based on ISO 6983 format. This developed interface reduces the need for high setup cost as well as eliminates human limitations. The interface at present is able of detecting circular machining features on the workpiece. Circular machining features are created by 3D modelling software and retained as STEP file. The STEP file which contains geometrical data is then uploaded to the interface system as an input file which is structurally analyzed and processed.  Finally, the ideal machining tool path in the G Code format is proposed and generated. By bypassing the CAM software and its proprietary post processor, the outcome of this research is important to enhance compatibility between different CNC machine system

File And Pc-Based CNC Controller Using Integrated Interface System (I2S)

STEP file is known as a CAD neutral file which stands for Standard for the Exchange of Product model data for the next generation of data model between CAD/CAM and CNC system. It contains three-dimensional data in ISO 10303-21 format which ultimately all CNC programs can recognize. Now however, not all documents in the STEP file are appropriate for programming CNC G-Code. This paper explicates the design, development and testing of an Integrated Interface System (I2S) using knowledge discovery approach. The objective of this study is to provide helps for understanding the STEP-NC machining operation protocol. The system provides function of reading and extracting applicable data related with the machining functions from STEP file, that eventually write file format Geometrical Code (G-Code – ISO 6983) as an output file. G-Code is known as one of the low-level programming languages in CNC system. The sample of machined block designs from 3D CAD modeler where the features need to be machined from a blank workpiece and saved in the STEP neutral file format. In this work, the simulation in the Mach3 software and physical machining using 3-axis CNC milling machine installed with PC-based CNC controller has been validated