Promoting of Environment Friendly Packaging Utilizing in the Egyptian Market "Study on Grocery Bags by Carrefour Egypt"

Packaging Waste is considered a huge problem in Egypt. The problem has been growing day by day with the eruption of political and economic issues in the past few years. Consumer awareness helps in decreasing the negative impact of packaging wastes as it promotes the selection of the environment friendly packaging. The solution will have to involve different parties. Companies and associations participation is required in solving packaging wastes problem.Biodegradable as well as reusable bags are examples of environment friendly packaging that helps in reducing packaging wastes accumulation. This paper is aimed to study a real life example from one of the leading markets in Egypt and elaborate on the effect of generalizing the solution including other parties. Another part of the study is concerned in the hypothetical effect of forcing environmental bags on the Egyptian market. Directing the average consumers towards utilization of friendly packaging by sneaking different smart alternatives of harmful bags and increasing the awareness can have more positive impact influencing packaging waste problem in Egypt. Keywords: environment, grocery plastic bags, reusable woven P.P bags, biodegradable, Waste, Cairo, consumer awarenes

Evaluation of the Functional Performance for Carbonated Beverage Packaging: A Review for Future Trends

Carbonated beverage packaging are widely used all over the world and in Egypt.. Aluminum cans and PET bottles using increased day by day versus glass bottles. Although, the glass bottles means quality, Aluminum cans and PET bottles are still the first and second choices for most consumers.   Carbonated soft drinks CSD packaging require ease openings, handling, and high gas barrier properties. Glass bottles in 1980s remained the dominate packaging in the Egyptian market before plastic bottles and aluminum cans invaded the markets.. Aluminum cans undergone many important developments throughout years to compete with glass and PET bottles. The research aimed to evaluate the current situation of carbonated beverage packaging for best performance according to consumer and product requirements. The study questioned if aluminum cans and PET bottle have good performance and respond to what are expected. Furthermore, if they will forefront the markets with its current state. The study findings ascertained that there are some challenges for both PET bottles; concerning carbonation loss and aluminum cans that related to reclosing and proper sanitary problems. In The following years, there may be active PET bottles and re-closable aluminum cans seen in the markets. Key words: Carbonated beverage, Aluminum cans, carbonation loss, closing system, PET, Glass bottle, REOE, CSD

Environmental Vision for the Egyptian Dry Food Packaging Case Study of Cocoa packaging

The world’s growing population has led to large amount of packaging waste, which further contributes to the problem of its disposal and other environmental issues. Package is the main key for reducing waste from the starting point and during product life cycle LC. The perfect package preserve food loss not only until it reaches consumer hands but also during use and after opening. Most of Egyptian dry foods packaging lacks to the environmental considerations. The paper pointed to add environmental value to packaging in the Egyptian market in dry foods sector. The dry food products vary in the Egyptian market, most of them packed on same packaging format and material. A case study was conducted to highlight the major dry foods packaging problems; over packaging material, unfriendly and inconvenience closing system were underlined. The study aimed to stimulate packaging design innovation considering format, closing system; and provide tools, examples and further information to support environmental optimization and save food and material through several simple steps. Keywords: Sustainability, Bag in Box, LC, Seal Ends, Packaging Design, Re-sealable, Zip Pack, Gusset Pac

Utilization of Arabic Calligraphy to Promote the Arabic Identity in Packaging Designs

Letters are considered an important element in graphic design. Arabic calligraphy, specifically, is an important art that give letters aesthetic form. Arabic letters are used in many different ways to form words. These words are then used in typography giving information and communicating with consumers. In Arabic packaging designs, Arabic letters are not yet utilized to give the cultural identity to the brand and graphic design of the Arabic products in general. This paper focuses at using Arabic letters and digital calligraphy to enhance packaging identity of Arabian products. Keywords: Arabic calligraphy, typography, lettering, identity, digital calligraphy, packaging desig

Flexural Behavior of Lightweight Composite Ferrocement Plates

In recent years, producing lightweight structures is considered as one of the most important application of concrete. It has extensive applications in the architect and insulation work. The main objective of this study is to investigate the behavior and the performance of lightweight ferrocement (LWF) composite plates with lightweight materials as filler materials in flexural. Fifteen lightweight ferrocement (LWF) composite plates were investigated by conducting flexural tests. The main variables are (the thickness of plates, the type of filler materials, the type and number of layers of meshes). The behavior of lightweight ferrocement (LWF) composite plates is investigated by conducting flexural tests on fifteen simply supported rectangular plates under three lines loadings. Fifteen plates represented in twelve lightweight ferrocement (LWF) plates and three conventional reinforced concrete (RC) plates. The ferrocement plates were divided into three groups according to the thickness of plates 6cm, 8cm and 10cm. The structural performances of the LWF and RC plates are investigated in terms of crack load, load-deflection curves, stiffness, energy absorption capacity, ductility index, ultimate flexural load-to-weight ratio, load-strain curves, crack patterns, and the failure modes. The test results revealed remarkable enhancement in the flexural behavior and potential application of lightweight ferrocement (LWF) composite plates to produce lightweight structural elements as compared to that of the reinforced concrete (RC) plates, which lead towards the industrialization of building system and meets with innovation and expansible application of concrete construction technology results in better efficiency of developing of lightweight composite ferrocement plates

Chromohysteroscopy after failed intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Background: ICSI is the injection of a single sperm directly into the cytoplasm of the oocyte (ICSI). The failure to achieve pregnancy after ICSI has been studied over many years to reach the possible and preventable causes to avoid another failure. The aim of this study was to assess the value of using Chromohysteroscopy as a part of the work up of cases with one or more failed ICSI. The Ultimate goal is to detect the possible endometrial abnormalities and /or endometritis.Methods: Prospective cohort study was carried out with total of 50 infertile women recruited from infertility clinic in Elshatby Maternity University Hospital, Alexandria University, Egypt. Cases were allocated in 2 groups with 25 cases in each group. The first group included cases that had a failed trial of ICSI. The second group included control cases who were seeking for fertility treatment with no previous history of ICSI or any uterine surgery or anatomical abnormalities. In the postmenstrual period, Chromohysteroscopy was done by the same surgeon and documentation of all findings in the cavity and presence of endometritis.Results: There was a significant increase in the incidence of endometritis among the study group 68% in comparison to 16% in the control group.Conclusions: In this study endometrial dying with methylene blue at hysteroscopy improve the detection of chronic endometritis

Simulation and performance assessment of a modified throttled load balancing algorithm in cloud computing environment

Load balancing is crucial to ensure scalability, reliability, minimize response time, and processing time and maximize resource utilization in cloud computing. However, the load fluctuation accompanied with the distribution of a huge number of requests among a set of virtual machines (VMs) is challenging and needs effective and practical load balancers. In this work, a two listed throttled load balancer (TLT-LB) algorithm is proposed and further simulated using the CloudAnalyst simulator. The TLT-LB algorithm is based on the modification of the conventional TLB algorithm to improve the distribution of the tasks between different VMs. The performance of the TLT-LB algorithm compared to the TLB, round robin (RR), and active monitoring load balancer (AMLB) algorithms has been evaluated using two different configurations. Interestingly, the TLT-LB significantly balances the load between the VMs by reducing the loading gap between the heaviest loaded and the lightest loaded VMs to be 6.45% compared to 68.55% for the TLB and AMLB algorithms. Furthermore, the TLT-LB algorithm considerably reduces the average response time and processing time compared to the TLB, RR, and AMLB algorithms

DNA Fingerprinting, Chemical Composition, Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils and Extractives of four Annona Species from Egypt

The leaf essential oils of four members of the Annonaceae grown in Egypt (namely; Annona cherimola, A. squamosa, A. muricata and A. glabra) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS in order to compare and contrast the volatile chemical compositions of these species.  The essential oils were screened for in-vitro cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7), colon cancer (CACO) and liver cancer (HEPG2) cell lines and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. beta-elemene (25.02%), beta-caryophyllene (37.11%), bicycloelemene (23.58%) and and beta-gurjunene (42.49%), were the major constituents of Annona cherimola, A. squamosa, A. muricata and A. glabra, respectively. Ethanol extracts showed highly significant cytotoxic activities (low IC50) much more than results displayed by essential oils on breast (MCF-7), colon (CACO) and liver (HEPG2) carcinoma cell lines. Relative to breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7), The IC50 values of ethanol extracts were 3.43, 3.89 and 4.34 ?g/ml for A. cherimola, A. squamosa and A. muricata ethanol extractives respectively. While colon carcinoma cell line (CACO) displayed IC50 values 2.82, 2.97, 3.58 and 3.89 ?g/ml for A. muricata, A. cherimola, A. glabra and A. squamosa, respectively. Liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) exhibited IC50 valus of 3.12, 3.43 and 3.73 for A. squamosa, A. muricata and A. cherimola, respectively. Three of the four leaf essential oils showed notable invitro cytotoxic activity. Essential oils of A. glabra, A. muricata and A. squamosa showed moderate cytotoxic activities with IC50 values ranging from 12.35 to 24.21?g/ml. While the essential oils of A. cherimola showed IC50 values ranging from 7.67 to 9.22?g/ml. Leaf oils and ethanol extractives showed appreciable antibmicobial activity with variable MIC ranging from 30 to 315µg/ml. These findings suggest that A. cherimola essential oil and ethanol extract have great potential as a natural medicine for cancers and microbial infections. Keywords:Annona cherimola; A. squamosa;, A. muricata ; A. glabra;   Annonaceae;   DNA, essential   oil   composition; cytotoxicity; antimicobia

DNA Fingerprinting, Chemical Composition, Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils and Extractives of four Annona Species from Egypt

The leaf essential oils of four members of the Annonaceae grown in Egypt (namely; Annona cherimola, A. squamosa, A. muricata and A. glabra) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS in order to compare and contrast the volatile chemical compositions of these species.  The essential oils were screened for in-vitro cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7), colon cancer (CACO) and liver cancer (HEPG2) cell lines and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. beta-elemene (25.02%), beta-caryophyllene (37.11%), bicycloelemene (23.58%) and and beta-gurjunene (42.49%), were the major constituents of Annona cherimola, A. squamosa, A. muricata and A. glabra, respectively. Ethanol extracts showed highly significant cytotoxic activities (low IC50) much more than results displayed by essential oils on breast (MCF-7), colon (CACO) and liver (HEPG2) carcinoma cell lines. Relative to breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7), The IC50 values of ethanol extracts were 3.43, 3.89 and 4.34 ?g/ml for A. cherimola, A. squamosa and A. muricata ethanol extractives respectively. While colon carcinoma cell line (CACO) displayed IC50 values 2.82, 2.97, 3.58 and 3.89 ?g/ml for A. muricata, A. cherimola, A. glabra and A. squamosa, respectively. Liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) exhibited IC50 valus of 3.12, 3.43 and 3.73 for A. squamosa, A. muricata and A. cherimola, respectively. Three of the four leaf essential oils showed notable invitro cytotoxic activity. Essential oils of A. glabra, A. muricata and A. squamosa showed moderate cytotoxic activities with IC50 values ranging from 12.35 to 24.21?g/ml. While the essential oils of A. cherimola showed IC50 values ranging from 7.67 to 9.22?g/ml. Leaf oils and ethanol extractives showed appreciable antibmicobial activity with variable MIC ranging from 30 to 315µg/ml. These findings suggest that A. cherimola essential oil and ethanol extract have great potential as a natural medicine for cancers and microbial infections. Keywords:Annona cherimola; A. squamosa;, A. muricata ; A. glabra;   Annonaceae;   DNA, essential   oil   composition; cytotoxicity; antimicobia